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4.50 from Paddington

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4.50 from Paddington is a detective fiction novel by Agatha Christie, first published in November 1957 in the United Kingdom by Collins Crime Club. This work was published in the United States at the same time as What Mrs. McGillicuddy Saw!, by Dodd, Mead.[1] The novel was published in serial form before the book was released in each nation, and under different titles. The US edition retailed at $2.95.[1]

4.50 from Paddington
Dust-jacket illustration of the first UK edition
AuthorAgatha Christie
GenreCrime novel
Published1957 (Collins Crime Club)
Publication placeUnited Kingdom
Media typePrint (hardback and paperback)
Pages256 (first edition, hardcover)
OCLC2743158
LC ClassPR6005.H66 F65
Preceded byThe Burden 
Followed byOrdeal by Innocence 

Reviewers at the time of publication generally liked the novel,[2][3] but would have liked more direct involvement of Miss Marple, and less consideration of her failing strength, using others to act for her.[4] A later review by Barnard found the story short on clues, but favourably noted Lucy Eyelesbarrow as an independent woman character.[5]

The 1961 film Murder, She Said was based on this novel as were several television programmes.

Plot summary

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Elspeth McGillicuddy visits her friend Jane Marple. Her train passes another running in the same direction. She sees a man on the other train with his back to her, strangling a woman. Mrs McGillicuddy describes to Miss Marple the dying woman as having blonde hair and wearing a fur coat and the man as tall and dark, though she saw only his back. Miss Marple believes her, knowing her friend to be trustworthy in description. With no news report of a body found, Miss Marple sets out to determine where the body is. With a map and several rides by train, she determines that the body is probably in the grounds of Rutherford Hall. Miss Marple sends Lucy Eyelesbarrow, a cook and housekeeper, to work at Rutherford Hall and find the body.

Luther Crackenthorpe is a widower living at Rutherford Hall. Luther's father made his fortune in biscuit manufacturing. His will left Rutherford Hall in trust for his eldest grandson (currently Cedric). Luther can live in the house for his lifetime, and receives the income from the capital left by his father. After Luther's death, that capital is to be divided equally among Luther's surviving children, so the share due to the living children rises as each sibling dies before Luther. Edmund, the firstborn son, died during World War II. Younger daughter Edith died four years before the novel begins, leaving a son, Alexander. The remaining children are Cedric, a painter; Harold, a married businessman; Alfred, who makes shady deals; and Emma. Others at the family home include Alexander's father Bryan Eastley, and Alexander's friend James Stoddart-West. Local physician Dr Quimper looks after Luther and is in love with Emma.

Lucy discovers fur from a woman's coat, and a cheap powder compact. Lucy takes these to Miss Marple, who believes the murderer removed the body from the railway embankment. Lucy finds the woman's body hidden in a sarcophagus in the stables containing Luther's collection of antiques.

The police, led by Inspector Craddock, identify the victim's clothing as French. Their enquiries lead them to think that the dead woman was a dancer, calling herself "Anna Stravinska", who had gone missing from a ballet troupe. However, "Anna Stravinska" is an alias, and the police cannot trace her origins.

Emma tells the police about two letters, one from her brother Edmund and written shortly before his death in France, and another received a few weeks before the woman's body is found. Her brother had said that he would marry a woman named Martine. The recent letter seemed to be from Martine, wanting to connect with the family of her son's father. There was no second letter, nor a meeting with Martine. The police conclude that the body in the sarcophagus is that of Martine, until Lady Stoddart-West, mother of James, reveals her identity as the former Martine Dubois. She confirms that Edmund's letter referred to her, but he had died before they could marry. She spoke up only because her son told her of the letter supposedly from "Martine". After Edmund's death, Martine had joined the Resistance, and briefly met Bryan Eastley who was escaping through France. At Rutherford Hall, she recognised him again instantly from "the way he stood, and the set of his shoulders". This incident seems to impress Miss Marple.

The whole family, apart from the absent Bryan and Alexander, become ill suddenly, and before long, Alfred is found dead while being nursed. The curry made by Lucy on the fateful day is found to contain arsenic. After returning home to London, Harold receives a delivery of tablets from Dr Quimper, who had told him not to take more. Harold takes them; they are poisoned with aconitine, and he dies.

Lucy arranges afternoon tea at Rutherford Hall for Miss Marple and Mrs McGillicuddy. Miss Marple instructs Mrs McGillicuddy to ask to use the lavatory as soon as they arrive. Miss Marple is eating a fish-paste sandwich when she pretends to choke on a fish bone. Dr Quimper moves to assist her. Mrs McGillicuddy enters the room at that moment, sees the doctor's hands at Miss Marple's throat, and cries out, "But that's him – that's the man on the train!"

Miss Marple had realised that her friend would recognise the real murderer if she saw him again in a similar pose. The dead woman was Quimper's wife, who would not divorce him, so he killed her to be free to marry Emma. After the Quimpers separated, she had joined a ballet troupe as Anna Stravinska. Quimper's scheme grew to killing Emma's brothers Alfred and Harold, so that the inheritance need not be shared.

Characters

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  • Miss Marple: detective and protagonist.
  • Elspeth McGillicuddy: witness to the murder on the train, a friend of Miss Marple.
  • Lucy Eyelesbarrow: Miss Marple's younger collaborator at the Hall. She is a brilliant scholar, skilled cook and energetic housekeeper with a good reputation and excellent client list.
  • David West: He works at British Railways and aids Miss Marple in knowing which trains might have passed the one Mrs McGillicuddy rode when she witnessed the murder. He is the second son of Miss Marple's nephew Raymond West.
  • Luther Crackenthorpe: elderly widower with a life interest in Rutherford Hall, close with money since his own father died.
  • Cedric Crackenthorpe: Luther's son, a bohemian painter living in Ibiza. As the eldest surviving son, he will inherit Rutherford Hall and surrounding lands when his father dies in addition to his share of the inheritance money.
  • Harold Crackenthorpe: Luther's son, married businessman in London, with no children.
  • Lady Alice Crackenthorpe: Harold's wife, daughter of an impoverished earl.
  • Alfred Crackenthorpe: Luther's son, with no regular employment, on the edge of illegal activities.
  • Emma Crackenthorpe: Luther's daughter, who lives at home and takes care of him.
  • Bryan Eastley: widower of Edith Crackenthorpe, Luther's deceased younger daughter.
  • Alexander Eastley: son of Edith and Bryan, who comes to Rutherford Hall on a school holiday.
  • James Stoddart-West: school friend of Alexander.
  • Lady Stoddart-West: mother of James.
  • Dr Quimper: Luther's general practitioner.
  • Detective-Inspector Dermot Craddock: godson of Sir Henry Clithering. (Craddock previously was featured in A Murder Is Announced and Clithering featured in that book and in The Thirteen Problems.)
  • Armand Dessin: Inspector at the Paris Prefecture who assists Craddock in the investigation. Specifically, he names a missing person, a good Catholic woman who left her ballet troupe in England, and has not been seen since by those at the Ballet Maritski.
  • Anna Stravinska: Dancer in the Ballet Maritski in Paris, which toured in England for six weeks before Christmas. She left the troupe in England on December 19. Stage name of Quimper's wife.
  • Madame Joliet: Director of the Ballet Maritski in Paris.

Title

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The UK title 4.50 from Paddington specifies a train time departing in the afternoon from Paddington station, a major station in central London. In British style, the time is written as 4.50 (in later timetables it would be 16:50). The London railway stations were perhaps not considered well known by the US publisher, and thus the title in the US was changed to What Mrs McGillicuddy Saw!, which also refers to the moment on the train when the murder was seen.

Literary significance and reception

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Philip John Stead's review in The Times Literary Supplement (29 November 1957) concluded that "Miss Christie never harrows her readers, being content to intrigue and amuse them."[2]

The novel was reviewed in The Times edition of 5 December 1957, stating, "Mrs Christie's latest is a model detective story; one keeps turning back to verify clues, and not one is irrelevant or unfair." The review concluded, "Perhaps there is a corpse or two too many, but there is never a dull moment."[3]

Fellow crime writer Anthony Berkeley Cox, writing under the pen name of Francis Iles, reviewed the novel in the 6 December 1957 issue of The Guardian, in which he confessed to being disappointed with the work: "I have only pity for those poor souls who cannot enjoy the sprightly stories of Agatha Christie; but though sprightliness is not the least of this remarkable writer's qualities, there is another that we look for in her, and that is detection: genuine, steady, logical detection, taking us step by step nearer to the heart of the mystery. Unfortunately it is that quality that is missing in 4.50 from Paddington. The police never seem to find out a single thing, and even Miss Marples (sic) lies low and says nuffin' to the point until the final dramatic exposure. There is the usual small gallery of interesting and perfectly credible characters and nothing could be easier to read. But please, Mrs Christie, a little more of that incomparable detection next time."[4]

Robert Barnard said of this novel that it was "Another locomotive one – murder seen as two trains pass each other in the same direction. Later settles down into a good old family murder. Contains one of Christie's few sympathetic independent women. Miss Marple apparently solves the crime by divine guidance, for there is very little in the way of clues or logical deduction."[5]

Publication history

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  • 1957, Collins Crime Club (London), 4 November 1957, Hardcover, 256 pp.
  • 1957, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), November 1957, Hardcover, 192 pp.
  • 1958, Pocket Books (New York), Paperback, 185 pp.
  • 1960, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 190 pp.
  • 1965, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 391 pp.
  • 1974, Pan Books, Paperback, 220 pp.
  • 2006, Marple Facsimile edition (Facsimile of 1962 UK first edition), 3 January 2006, Hardcover, ISBN 0-00-720854-5

In the UK the novel was first serialised in the weekly magazine John Bull in five abridged instalments from 5 October (volume 102 number 2675) to 2 November 1957 (volume 102 number 2679) with illustrations by K. J. Petts.[6]

The novel was first serialised in the US in the Chicago Tribune in thirty six instalments from Sunday 27 October to Saturday 7 December 1957 under title Eyewitness to Death.[7]

The novel was published in the US under the title What Mrs. McGillicuddy Saw! by Dodd, Mead and Co. The UK version was to be titled 4.54 from Paddington until the last minute, when the title and text references were changed to 4.50 from Paddington. This change was not communicated to Dodd Mead until after the book was being printed, so the text references to the time show 4:54 rather than 4:50.[8]

An abridged version of the novel was also published in the 28 December 1957 issue of the Star Weekly Complete Novel, a Toronto newspaper supplement, under the title Eye Witness to Death with a cover illustration by Maxine McCaffrey.

Adaptations

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Film in 1961

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Main article: Murder, She Said

The book was made into a 1961 film starring Margaret Rutherford in the first of her four appearances as Miss Marple. This was the first Miss Marple film made.

BBC 'Miss Marple' Series 1987

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Further information: Miss Marple (TV series)

The BBC film broadly follows the original plot with its 1987 version and stars Joan Hickson (who also appeared as Mrs Kidder in the 1961 film, Murder, She Said). There are several changes:

  • The poisoning of the family is absent.
  • Alfred is still alive at the end, though suffering from a terminal illness that Dr Quimper apparently misdiagnosed deliberately.
  • As in the 1961 film, Harold is murdered in what appears to be a hunting accident, and not by poisoned tablets, because Dr Quimper suspected Harold knew who the victim was, as Harold had a deep passion for dancing and collected posters of the same ballet troupe she was in.
  • Anna Stravinka's real name is revealed as "Martine Isabelle Perrault" (in the novel, her real name is unknown). Thus the twist where James Stoddard-West's mother is Martine is deleted and the real Martine is not seen.
  • Inspector Craddock is replaced by Inspector Duckham and the recurring characters from the BBC television series, Inspector Slack and Sergeant Lake.
  • At the end, Miss Marple unambiguously opines that Lucy Eyelesbarrow will marry Bryan Eastley.
  • Cast:

BBC Radio 1997

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Michael Bakewell dramatised the novel as a single 90-minute episode, first broadcast in March 1997. June Whitfield played Miss Marple, and Susannah Harker Lucy Eyelesbarrow.

ITV Marple Series 2004

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Further information: Agatha Christie's Marple

ITV adapted the novel for the series Marple in 2004 starring Geraldine McEwan as Miss Marple. The title What Mrs McGillicuddy Saw! was used when it was shown in the US. The adaptation contains several changes from the novel:

  • Dr Quimper's first name, not mentioned in the novel, is given as David. His character was changed to be more sympathetic than he is in the novel. His motive for murdering his wife is his love for Emma rather than his desire for the Crackenthorpe inheritance.
  • Only two murders occur – Quimper's wife, and Alfred. Harold is still alive at the end.
  • Both the motive for killing Alfred, and the method of his murder, were changed. Alfred spotted Quimper planting a false clue on the grounds of the Hall, knowing that the body of his wife would be found. When Alexander and James show the clue to the family, Alfred decides to blackmail Quimper, boasting to Lucy just that he is due to receive money. When the family fall ill at dinner by a small dose of arsenic, Alfred is later killed in his bed by a fatal injection from Quimper; as he is being killed, Alfred cries out his killer's name. Quimper makes certain this is misconstrued as him calling for the doctor's help.
  • In this version, Alfred is the eldest son after Edmund, and will inherit the Hall; Harold is the second-eldest son (He becomes next-in-line to inherit the Hall after Alfred dies) and Cedric is the youngest son.
  • The name of Luther's father is changed from Josiah to Marcus and he manufactured confectionery rather than tea biscuits.
  • The novel's Inspector Dermot Craddock is replaced by Inspector Tom Campbell, an old friend of Miss Marple. This adaption ends with Lucy rejecting the two Crackenthorpe men in favour of the inspector.
  • Bryan is British in the novel, but American in the adaption.
  • The way Miss Marple reveals Dr Quimper as the murderer was changed; it take place on a train with Mrs McGillcuddy witnessing it from a passing train. When he is exposed, the communication cords on both trains are pulled, before Tom arrests Quimper whilst Mrs McGillcuddy switches to their train. Miss Marple then reveals all in her denouement aboard the train.
  • Edmund is described as having been killed in the Battle of the Atlantic in December 1941, rather than dying at Dunkirk in 1940, and considered to be lost at sea. In addition, Edith's cause of death, not given in the novel, is described as death during childbirth.
  • Anna Stravinska's true name is given as Suzanne Bellaine. Lucy finds the body within a mausoleum on the Hall's grounds, rather than in a barn containing antiquities.
  • Edmund did marry Martine, and brought her home to meet all his family. The visit is marred by Harold, who sexually assaults her.
  • Harold Crackenthorpe's wife, Lady Alice, is given a much bigger role than in the novel.

In addition to these changes, Miss Marple is seen reading Dashiel Hammett's Woman in the Dark and Other Stories, providing an inter-textual detail that suggests some of Miss Marple's detective insights come from her reading of classic murder fiction as well as her shrewd understanding of human nature.

2005 anime adaptation

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The novel was adapted as a set of 4 episodes of the Japanese animated television series Agatha Christie's Great Detectives Poirot and Marple, airing in 2005.

Le crime est notre affaire

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Le crime est notre affaire is a French film directed by Pascal Thomas, released in 2008. Named after the book Partners in Crime, and, like the book, starring Tommy and Tuppence as the detective characters, the film is in fact an adaptation of 4.50 from Paddington. The locations and names differ, but the story is essentially the same. The film is a sequel to Mon petit doigt m'a dit..., a 2004 film by Pascal Thomas adapted from By the Pricking of My Thumbs. Both are set in Savoy in the present day.[citation needed]

  • Cast

2010 Computer game

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On 17 June 2010, I-play released a downloadable hidden object game based on 4.50 from Paddington (see the external links). Dialogue interspersed with the hidden object puzzles follows the plot of the original story. Items mentioned in the dialogue are among those hidden in each round. The player finds locations on the map by textual clues, which makes the map a hidden object scene, too. At three points during play the player is asked to hypothesise on the identity of the murderer, but as in the novel there is little in the way of relevant evidence. Unlike the games based on Evil Under the Sun, Murder on the Orient Express, and And Then There Were None, this does not include any actual detection and unlike the latter two does not add an additional character to represent the player. This is the 4th in a series of Oberon Games' hidden object games based on Agatha Christie's novels, the first three were based on Death on the Nile, Peril at End House, and Dead Man's Folly.

TV Asahi Two Nights Drama Special 2018

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TV Asahi adapted the novel in 2018 starring Yuki Amami and Atsuko Maeda,[9] with the title Two Nights Drama Special: 4.50 from Paddington - Night Express Train Murder (Japanese: アガサ・クリスティ 二夜連続ドラマスペシャル パディントン発4時50分〜寝台特急殺人事件〜)[10] as the first night. The second night was The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side.


References

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  1. ^ a b Marcus, J S (May 2007). "American Tribute to Agatha Christie: The Golden Years: 1953–1967". Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b "Review". The Times Literary Supplement: 725. 29 November 1957.
  3. ^ a b "Review". The Times. 5 December 1957. p. 13.
  4. ^ a b Iles, Francis (6 December 1957). "Review". The Guardian. p. 14.
  5. ^ a b Barnard, Robert (1990). A Talent to Deceive – an appreciation of Agatha Christie (Revised ed.). Fontana Books. p. 194. ISBN 0-00-637474-3.
  6. ^ Holdings at the British Library. Shelfmark: NPL LON LD116.
  7. ^ "Eyewitness to Death". Chicago Tribune. 3 November 1957. Retrieved 5 August 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ Bunson, Matthew (September 2000). The Complete Christie: An Agatha Christie Encyclopedia. Simon and Schuster. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-0-671-02831-2. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  9. ^ "天海祐希×沢村一樹、『アガサ・クリスティ』の世界を語る" (Interview). ORICON NEWS. 24 March 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  10. ^ "天海祐希、沢村一樹の主演でアガサ・クリスティの名作を二夜連続放送". テレビドガッチ. プレゼントキャスト. 1 February 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
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