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Texas Juvenile Justice Department

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The Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) is a state agency in Texas, headquartered in the Central Services Building (CSB) in Austin.

It was created on December 1, 2011, replacing the Texas Youth Commission and the Texas Juvenile Probation Commission.[1]

History

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Former TJJD headquarters, Brown-Heatly Building, Austin

The implemented changes occurred after the 82nd Texas Legislature abolished the Texas Youth Commission due to the scandals surrounding this agency that was responsible from 1957 to 2011. The Texas Juvenile Justice Department was established by the legislature to manage and oversee the agencies that were abolished. There is a board that includes 11 members that are responsible for overseeing juvenile justice services from entry to the discharge of the youth; the board was selected by the Governor of Texas with Texas Senate approval.[2]

Criticism

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The TJJD has gone through several iterations of major and moderate reform following scandals marked by sexual abuse and violence, including a full rebranding from the Texas Youth Commission in 2011.[3]

In 2021, the United States Department of Justice announced that it would examine whether children detained in the Texas Juvenile Justice Department’s five lockups are reasonably protected “from physical and sexual abuse by staff and other residents, excessive use of chemical restraints and excessive use of isolation.” The investigation followed an incident reported in July when a detention officer was arrested for allegedly touching the breast of an 18-year-old detainee.[4]

In August 2022, The Texas Tribune reported on severe understaffing in the prisons that routinely left children inside cells alone for up to 23 hours a day, forcing them to use water bottles and food trays as toilets. Almost half of the nearly 600 kids in the prisons had been on suicide watch.[3] In response, a youth-led criminal justice reform group, Finish the 5, spent the next five months at the Texas state Capitol, urging lawmakers to close Texas’ five remaining juvenile prisons. The Finish the 5 campaign, led by the Texas Center for Justice and Equity, proposes phasing out the five prisons by 2027.[3]

Facilities

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Evins Regional
 
 
 
McLennan County
 
Ron Jackson
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TJJD Secure Facilities
 
Giddings State School in unincorporated Lee County
 
The Turman Halfway House in Austin

Juvenile offenders are court ordered to reside in Texas Juvenile Justice Department facilities. The detained individuals must be at least 10 years of age and no older than their 19th birthday. Most juvenile records are sealed as this will allow the youth to gain a second opportunity, but there are exceptions to sealing records as those individuals that commit serious crimes may be required to complete their sentence in an adult system, therefore unable to get their records sealed.[5][6]

Texas Juvenile Justice Department operates and maintains institutions and halfway houses statewide. Several of the juvenile detention centers are public and privately operated facilities. Texas Juvenile Justice Department maintains records and registry of the registered facilities in operation. Detained young offenders can only be placed in detention centers that are registered by the Texas Juvenile Justice Department, under the Texas Family Code.

Registered facilities house, educate, train and rehabilitate young offenders, the treatment and programs are based on the needs of the individual within the facility. The Texas Juvenile Justice Department includes high, medium and low security facilities. A high security facility is fenced and the majority of juvenile offenders that are placed in a high security facility tend to complete their sentence in a correctional institution. The medium to low facilities are not fenced and consist of houses that the Texas Juvenile Justice Department operates or contracts with outside organizations to provide low to medium treatment for the juvenile offender.[7]

According to the Texas Juvenile Justice Department report of 2011, the total amount of secure facilities registered include "34 post-adjudication, 31 public and 3 privately operated; 49 pre-adjudication facilities, 47 public and 2 privately operated".[8]

Institutions:

  • Evins Regional Juvenile Center - Edinburg
  • Gainesville State School - unincorporated Cooke County
  • Giddings State School - unincorporated Lee County
  • Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex (Unit I) - Formerly Brownwood State School[9] - partially in Brownwood[10]
    • Serves as the admissions and orientation center for the TJJD inmates. All girls in secure residential care remain at Ron Jackson. In addition boys who are younger are in the Ron Jackson young offenders program.[11] Most male students stay at Ron Jackson for orientation for about four to six weeks.[12]
    • A public road separates Units I and the former Ron Jackson Unit II, which operated independently from Unit I under the Texas Youth Commission.[13] The facility is named after former TYC director Ron Jackson.[14]
    • Unit I houses the gateway program for females entering the TYC system. Most females in TYC remain at Ron Jackson SJCC I. Some girls may be placed in the WINGS mother-child and pregnant girl program and contract facilities. Unit I has been a female-only complex since it opened in September 1970.[15]
  • McLennan County State Juvenile Correctional Facility (Unit I and Unit II) - Partially in Mart,[16] mostly inunincorporated McLennan County[17][18][19]
    • As of 2011 units I and II were combined into one facility.[20] The TYC governing board's original agenda had plans to close both McLennan County units, but the board changed its plans.[21] The units are about 20 miles (32 km) south of Waco.[22]
    • It formerly housed admissions and orientation for male TJJD inmates.[23]

Halfway houses:[24]

Former facilities:

Programs

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CoNEXTions CoNEXTions is an integrated, system-wide rehabilitative program offering various therapeutic techniques and tools that are used to help individual TJJD youth. The name, CoNEXTions, stems from the basic goal of the program – to prepare youth to take the NEXT step, to connect youth to healthy, law-abiding relationships with their peers, families, and communities".[28]

Educational Programs' TJJD has year round education for incarcerated youth in each of their institutional schools. The faculty at these schools are TJJD employees. The students also participate in all state required assessments as well as the national test, Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE)[29] The school district of the TJJD is the Lone Star School District.[30] The following correspond with each unit:

  • Central: McLennan County[31]
  • North: Gainesville[32]
  • South: Evins Regional[33]
  • Southeast: Giddings State School[34]
  • West: Ron Jackson [35]

Workforce Development Program A program to help prepare the youth to successfully enter the workforce and maintain employment.[36]

PAWS (Pairing Achievement With Success) In the PAWS program, TJJD youth are assigned a canine for a minimum of 12 weeks. The TJJD youth are completely responsible at all times for their dog. At the end of the 12-week program, there is an Adoption Day held where the youth helps show the dog and its new tricks to new owners looking to adopt a pet.[37]

Demographics

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As of 2016, of the children under TJJD jurisdiction, including confinement in secure facilities, youth parole, contract facilities, and halfway houses, 3,925 (93.68%) were U.S. citizens and 224 (5.35%) were Mexican citizens. Other countries include Australia, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[38]

Funding

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TJJD gets its funding from the Texas Legislature in grant form. TJJD got its funds through the State Financial Assistance Contract that encompasses grants to each of the 165 local juvenile departments. Most of the funding comes from the local county government. The TJJD grants goes toward operating juvenile probation departments, juvenile detention and correctional facilities and providing basic and special services to children in the juvenile probation system. According to the TJJD website, "In fiscal year, 2012 county funding accounted for approximately 72% of total juvenile probation funding while state and federal funding accounted for approximately 28%". In fiscal year, 2014: Border Project got a contract for $100,000.00. Commitment Reduction Program got a contract for $19,883,584.00. Family Preservation got a contract for $2,243,007.66. Harris County Leadership Academy got a contract for $1,000,000.00. IV-E Contracts got a contract for $1,253,620.54. JJAEP Start-up Operations got a contract for $3,718,896.00. Mental Health got a contract for $12,783,403.29. Special Needs Diversionary got a contract for $1,974,034.00. State Aid got a contract for $108,337,312.00. Total Fiscal Year 2014 Contracts got a contract for $151,586,485.49. Truancy Prevention got a contract for $292,628.00.

Headquarters

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Central Services Building (CSB), the TJJD headquarters
 
Braker H Complex, the former TJJD headquarters

The agency is headquartered in the Central Services Building (CSB) in Austin, Texas.[39]

The TJJD was previously headquartered in the Brown-Heatly Building in Austin.[18][40] Brown-Heatley, a seven story, 276,000 square feet (25,600 m2), has a six story, 343,000 square feet (31,900 m2) parking garage.[41] DSG Austin provided the facility's fire alarm system.[42]

At the end of April 2013, as part of a building space swap with the Texas Health and Human Services, the TJJD was scheduled to relocate to Braker H Complex,[43][44] a 67,323-square-foot (6,254.5 m2) private leased space in north Austin. It includes two loading docks, an IT training room, warehouse space, open office landscapes (OOLs), hard-wall offices, 11 conference rooms with capacities ranging from 8 to 110 persons, an employee break room, secure OIO, OIG, and IT areas, and an exterior deck.[43] The Braker H facility had more space than the current Brown-Heatley area. The groups moving into the new facility included TJJD central office staff members previously on the second, third, and fifth floors of the Brown-Heatly building, the Office of the Independent Ombudsman, and the TJJD Austin District Parole Office.[43]

In 2022, the TJJD moved from Braker H to the CSB.[45]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Home". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on April 28, 2012.
  2. ^ "History Information ".History of TJJD. Retrieved April 22nd, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Jolie McCullough (August 2, 2022). "Almost 600 Texas youths are trapped in a juvenile prison system on the brink of collapse". Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  4. ^ Jolie McCullough (October 13, 2021). "U.S. Department of Justice investigating abuse, mistreatment at Texas' juvenile lockups". Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  5. ^ "[1]". TJJD Purpose/Usage of Entity. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
  6. ^ "TJJD Agency Mission". www.tjjd.texas.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-09-28.
  7. ^ "Facilities". TJJD Facility Process. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  8. ^ "2011 Facility Information". State Juvenile Probation Activity in Texas 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
  9. ^ "Facility Address List". Texas Youth Commission. February 2, 2002. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.
  10. ^ "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Brownwood city, TX" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 3 (PDF p. 4/6). Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  11. ^ "PREA Audit Report Eon Jackson." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. p. 5 (PDF p. 5/64). Retrieved on October 7, 2018. - Address on page 1: "600 FM 3254, Brownwood, Texas 76804"
  12. ^ "Understanding: The Texas Juvenile Justice Department & the Parents' Bill of Rights." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. PDF p. 4/60. Retrieved on October 7, 2018.
  13. ^ "Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex Unit II". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.
  14. ^ "Brownwood complex renamed for Ron Jackson". Texas Youth Commission. September 17, 2003. Retrieved on August 10, 2010.
  15. ^ "Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex Unit I". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.
  16. ^ "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Mart city, TX" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  17. ^ "How Offenders Move Through TYC Archived 2001-11-10 at the Wayback Machine". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.
  18. ^ a b "Facility Address List Archived 2001-11-10 at the Wayback Machine". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on July 19, 2010.
  19. ^ "Mart city, Texas Archived 2011-06-06 at the Wayback Machine". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.
  20. ^ "TYC Announces Closure of Three Facilities Archived 2012-03-05 at the Wayback Machine". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on July 3, 2011.
  21. ^ "Texas Youth Commission to consolidate Mart facility" (). KCEN. June 3, 2011. Retrieved on August 29, 2011.
  22. ^ "TYC to close three units, cut staff" Archived 2013-01-27 at archive.today. KXAN. Friday June 3, 2011. Retrieved on September 29, 2011.
  23. ^ "How Offenders Move Through TJJD ." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. Retrieved on October 7, 2018.
  24. ^ "TJJD Facilities Address List Archived 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. Retrieved on December 19, 2015.
  25. ^ "Corsicana Residential Treatment Center Archived 2012-04-18 at the Wayback Machine". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.
  26. ^ Chammah, Maurice. "Closing a troubled symbol of Texas juvenile justice". Center for Public Integrity. February 12, 2014. Retrieved on March 3, 2014.
  27. ^ a b "TJJD Facilities." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. June 17, 2013. Retrieved on December 19, 2015. "Turman House 7308 Cameron Road PO Box 14866 Austin, Texas 78752"
  28. ^ "CoNEXTions Program". CoNEXTions Program Information. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  29. ^ "Education Information". Education Program. Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved April 2014.
  30. ^ "Lone Star School District". National Center for Educational Statistics. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  31. ^ "Lone Star H S Central". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  32. ^ "Lone Star H S North". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  33. ^ "Lone Star H S South". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  34. ^ "Lone Star H S Southeast". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  35. ^ "Lone Star H S West". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  36. ^ "Workforce Program Information. Workforce Development Programs. Retrieved April 2014.
  37. ^ "Pairing Achievement With Success. Programs. Retrieved April 2014.
  38. ^ "TJJD Population with Known Citizenship." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on January 3, 2016.
  39. ^ "Contact". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved 2024-02-04. Address Texas Juvenile Justice Department Central Services Building (CSB) 1711 San Jacinto Blvd Austin, TX 78701 - This page states the address as "711 San Jacinto Blvd., Suite 120 Austin, TX 78701" but this is erroneous
  40. ^ "TYC Contact Names and Phone Numbers". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on March 10, 2009.
  41. ^ "State of Texas Brown Heatly Building". DSG Austin. Retrieved on August 23, 2010.
  42. ^ "DSG Projects". DSG Austin. Retrieved on August 23, 2010.
  43. ^ a b c "TJJD Move Update". (Archive) Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on March 26, 2013.
  44. ^ "Home". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on September 24, 2013. "Braker H Complex 11209 Metric Boulevard Austin, TX"
  45. ^ "BOARD MEETINGS February 24-25, 2022 Austin, Texas". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. p. 152/257. Retrieved 2024-02-04. - Accessed from this page

Further reading

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