The House of Terter (Bulgarian: Тертер), also Terterids or Terterovtsi (Тертеровци), was a Bulgarian noble and royal house of Cuman origin,[1] a branch of the Cuman noble dynasty of Terteroba, that ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire between 1280 and 1292, as well as between 1300 and 1323.
| Terter Тертеровци | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Parent house | Terteroba |
| Founded | 1280 |
| Founder | Prince Aldimir |
| Current head | Extinct |
| Titles | Knyaz, Tsar |
| Dissolution | 1323 |
History
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Origin
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The Terterids were originally of Cuman origin[2] (from the Cuman-Kipchak confederation),[3] according to Plamen Pavlov they were a branch of the Cuman noble dynasty of Terteroba who had settled in Bulgaria as part of the second wave of Cuman migration, coming from the Kingdom of Hungary after 1241. The Terteroba had ruled the Cuman-Kipchak confederation in the late 11th century, as well as in the mid-13th century under Khan Köten.[4]
Monarchy
editThe earliest representatives of the dynasty in Bulgaria were the despotēs Aldimir (Eltimir) and his older brother George Terter who was crowned emperor of Bulgaria as George I of Bulgaria (1280-1292), marrying the Bulgarian Maria. After his reign, Bulgaria was under the de facto control of the Golden Horde, with Nogai Khan nominating the next ruler, Smilets (1292-1298), who was of another noble family, and was briefly succeeded by his son Ivan II (1298-1299). In 1299–1300, Bulgaria was controlled by the Mongol Chaka. Chaka was deposed by George Terter's son, Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria (1300-1321), beginning the second reign of the Terterids, which also spanned that of his son, George II of Bulgaria.
The Terter dynasty was succeeded by the Shishman noble dynasty of Vidin, also of partial Cuman origin.[2]
Members
edit- Aldimir (Eltimir)
- George I of Bulgaria (ruled 1280-1292)
- Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria (ruled 1300-1321)
- Anna, wife of Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia
- Elena, wife of Chaka
References
edit- ^ István Vásáry (2005) Cumans and Tatars, Cambridge University Press, p. 2
- ^ a b Vásáry, István (2005-03-24). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365 (PDF). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83756-1.
- ^ "Cuman". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ Павлов, Пламен (2005). ""Авантюристът-скит" Алдимир и Теодор Светослав". Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България (in Bulgarian). Варна: LiterNet.