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Tritan, a copolymer offered by the Eastman Chemical Company since 2007, is a transparent plastic intended to replace polycarbonate, because of health concerns about Bisphenol A (BPA).[1][2] Tritan is a copolymer made from three monomers: dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), and 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO).[3] Tritan (PCTG) is made without using any bisphenols or phthalates.
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Eastman Tritan cannot be used for hot beverages (like hot water, coffee or tea) and is recommended only for usage temperatures below 60 °C, as it starts to deteriorate at temperatures above 80 °C.[4][5]
In April 2008, Nalgene announced it would phase out production of its outdoor line of polycarbonate containers containing the chemical bisphenol A.[6] Nalgene now uses Tritan as a replacement for polycarbonate, as it does not contain BPA.[7]
Health controversy
editIn 2011, a neurobiologist at the University of Texas at Austin, George Bittner, published an article claiming that most polymers, including Tritan, contained other materials with estrogenic activity.[8]
After these claims were published by PlastiPure, an Eastman Chemical Company competitor, Eastman sued. A jury ruled in their favor, and the Court barred PlastiPure from making claims about triton's estrogenic activity.[1] In expert testimony, Wade Welshon of the University of Missouri-Columbia, agreed that the Tritan copolymer is likely not estrogenic but that the estrogenic activity he found in five separate tests of Tritan products could be attributable to other chemicals added during manufacturing.[1]
During the trial emerged that Thomas Osimitz an author of the journal article[9] that initially cleared Tritan of estrogenic activity was paid $10,000 by the company for the paper and that this was not disclosed in the Conflict of Interests section.[10] When Osimitz was questioned by Reuters he stated that the disclosure forms were "very confusing."[10] Bittner maintains that his assays are more sensitive that the ones performed Osimitz et al.[1]
Similar products
editOther manufacturers have developed similar products including the French Arc Holdings's Kwarx since 2006,[11] the German Glaskoch (Leonardo) Teqton since 2009[12] and the South-Korean SK Chemicals' Ecozen, a glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) since 2010/2011.[13] Other manufacturers propose polypropylene (PP)[14] or methylstyrene (MS) as alternatives to Tritan.
Name confusion
editTritan[15] can also refer to a type of so called unbreakable glass originally developed by the German Zwiesel Kristallglas in 2002 together with University of Erlangen–Nuremberg.[16][17] Its name is derived from titanoxide (titanium oxide in English). In 2012, the Zwiesel Kristallglas company introduced Tritan Protect.[17][18][19] Confusingly, although both are unrelated, Zwiesel Tritan glass and Eastman Tritan copolyester are both advertised as "shatter protected" and are used in the production of drinking glasses as replacements for traditional glasses, despite their different material properties.
See also
edit- Superfest (a chemically hardened glass also known as Ceverit or CV-Glas)
- Gorilla Glass
- Borosilicate glass (a type of heat-resistant glass)
References
edit- ^ a b c d Glausiusz, Josie (2014). "Toxicology: The plastics puzzle". Nature. 508 (7496): 306–308. Bibcode:2014Natur.508..306G. doi:10.1038/508306a. PMID 24740050. S2CID 4454912.
- ^ "Bisphenol A: Kunststoff mit Nebenwirkungen". www.spektrum.de (in German). Retrieved 2024-02-29.
- ^ Osimitz, T. G.; Eldridge, M. L.; Sloter, E.; Welsh, W.; Ai, N.; Sayler, G. S.; Menn, F.; Toole, C. (2012). "Lack of androgenicity and estrogenicity of the three monomers used in Eastman's Tritan copolyesters". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50 (6): 2196–2305. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.010. PMID 22343188.
- ^ "Tritan, Edelstahl oder Glas? Die Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Trinkflaschen-Materialien". boddels.de (in German). 2021-03-06. Archived from the original on 2024-01-19. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
- ^ "Is Tritan Plastic Better Than Traditional Plastic?". www.greenhive.io. Archived from the original on 2024-05-01. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
- ^ "Nalgene to Phase Out Production of Consumer Bottles Containing BPA". Reuters. 2008-04-18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-30. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
- ^ "Nalgene Choice". Archived from the original on 2016-03-02. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
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- ^ Yang, Chun Z.; Yaniger, Stuart I.; Jordan, V. Craig; Klein, Daniel J.; Bittner, George D. (2011). "Most Plastic Products Release Estrogenic Chemicals: A Potential Health Problem That Can be Solved". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (7): 989–996. doi:10.1289/ehp.1003220. PMC 3222987. PMID 21367689.
- ^ Osimitz, Thomas G.; Eldridge, Melanie L.; Sloter, Eddie; Welsh, William; Ai, Ni; Sayler, Gary S.; Menn, FuMin; Toole, Colleen (2012-06-01). "Lack of androgenicity and estrogenicity of the three monomers used in Eastman's Tritan™ copolyesters". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50 (6): 2196–2205. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.010. ISSN 0278-6915.
- ^ a b Begley, Sharon (2013-07-19). "Science for hire - Trial over plastic exposes disclosure deficit". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2024-10-26. Retrieved 2024-10-26.
- ^ Carter, Felicity (2006-05-23). "'Unbreakable' glass launched". Decanter. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
- ^ "twenty4 - erste Glasserie von LEONARDO aus dem Glasmaterial TEQTON® - Pressemeldung vom 17.08.2009". www.perspektive-mittelstand.de. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
- ^ https://www.ferroplast.com/pdf/Ecozen_Brochure.pdf
- ^ "Polypropylen statt Tritan". ISYbe die nachhaltige Trinkflasche (in German). Retrieved 2024-02-29.
- ^ register.dpma.de Brand Tritan
- ^ "Wohnen mit Glas". Handelszeitung (in Swiss High German). Archived from the original on 2023-12-29. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
- ^ a b Handelsblatt Unternehmensportrait "Schott Zwiesel – Das Kristallglas", 2012-12-18. https://www.handelsblatt.com/marken-des-jahrhunderts/unternehmensportraet-schott-zwiesel-das-kristallglas/7536832.html
- ^ "TRITAN Kristallglas - Zwiesel Kristallglas AG" (in German). 2020-09-29. Archived from the original on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
- ^ Zwiesel Kristallglas AG (ed): Zwiesel Kristallglas AG. Perfektion und Leidenschaft. Print-Consult, München 2005. pp. 31, 49.