The Tamangic languages, TGTM languages, or West Bodish languages or Kaike-Ghale-Tamangic languages (Glottolog), are a family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in the Himalayas of Nepal. They are called "West Bodish" by Bradley (1997), from Bod, the native term for Tibet. TGTM stands for Tamang-Gurung-Thakali-Manang.
| Tamangic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Nepal, India (Sikkim) |
| Linguistic classification | Sino-Tibetan
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | kaik1248 |
 | |
Proto-TGTM has been reconstructed in Mazaudon (1994). Tamangic is united with the Bodish and West Himalayish languages in Bradley's (1997) "Bodish" and Van Driem's (2001) Tibeto-Kanauri.
Languages
editThe Tamangic languages are:
- Tamang (several divergent varieties, with a million speakers)
- Gurung (two varieties with low mutual intelligibility)
- Thakali (including the Seke dialect; ethnically Tamang)
- Manang language cluster: the closely related Manang, Gyasumdo, Nar Phu, and Nyeshangte languages.
- Chantyal
- Ghale languages (Ghale and Kutang): spoken by ethnic Tamang, perhaps related to Tamangic.
- Kaike (moribund): may be the most divergent.
Footnotes
editReferences
edit- Bradley, David (1997). "Tibeto-Burman languages and classification". In Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill.
- Georg, Stefan (1996). Marphatan Thakali. Untersuchungen zur Sprache des Dorfes Marpha im Oberen Kali-Gandaki-Tal/Nepal. München: LINCOM EUROPA. ISBN 90-04-09905-0.
- Mazaudon, Martine. 1994. Problèmes de comparatisme et de reconstruction dans quelques langues de la famille tibéto-birmane. Thèse d'Etat, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle.
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