Talk:Veganism/Sources for the dietary veganism distinction

Distinction

• Dietary vegans (also known as strict vegetarians) eliminate animal products from their diet only.
• Ethical vegans (also known as lifestyle, pure or total vegans) reject the use of animal products for any purpose.

The following is a selection of sources that make the ethical/dietary distinction or that view veganism as a diet.

Sources

• Dan Hooley and Nathan Nobis (Philosophy Comes to Dinner, 2015):

  "In this chapter, we argue for dietary veganism."

• Laura Wright (The Vegan Studies Project, 2015):

  "[The British Vegan Society] definition simplifies the concept of veganism in that it assumes that all vegans choose to be vegan for ethical reasons, which may be the case for the majority, but there are other reasons, including health and religious mandates, people choose to be vegan. Veganism exists as a dietary and lifestyle choice with regard to what one consumes, but making this choice also constitutes participation in the identity category of 'vegan'."

• Kangana Ranaut (DNA India, 11 June 2015):

  "While I cannot make that switch from a dietary vegan to an ethical vegan at this point, I would be happy to do that at some point.”

• Sandra Kimler (So, Why Become Vegan?, 2014):

  "A dietary vegan does not eat anything that has an animal product in it. An ethical vegan follows a vegan diet and also includes the vegan philosophy in every aspect of his or her life."

• Brenda Davis, Vesanto Melina (Becoming Vegan, 2013):

  "There are degrees of veganism. A pure vegetarian or dietary vegan is someone who consumes a vegan diet but doesn't lead a vegan lifestyle. Pure vegetarians may use animal products, support the use of animals in research, wear leather clothing, or have no objection to the exploitation of animals for entertainment. They are mostly motivated by personal health concerns rather than by ethical objections. Some may adopt a more vegan lifestyle as they are exposed to vegan philosophy."

• Barbara J. King (NPR, 26 September 2013):

  "From this perspective, ethical veganism overlaps with, but is more than, dietary veganism."

• Joel Marks (Ethos, 2013):

  " ... I have become a dietary vegan: a person who does not eat any animals, nor any animal products (milk, cheese, eggs, honey)."

• Laura H. Hahn, Michael S. Brunner ("Politics on Your Plate", 2012):

  "A vegetarian is a person who abstains from eating NHA [non-human animal] flesh of any kind. A vegan goes further, abstaining from eating anything made from NHA. Thus, a vegan does not consume eggs and dairy foods. Going beyond dietary veganism, 'lifestyle' vegans also refrain from using leather, wool or any NHA-derived ingredient."

  "[Joanne] Stepaniak offers a code of vegan ethics: (1) Vegans are sensitive to issues of suffering, (2) Vegans value awareness of all life forms, (3) Vegans adjure violence, and (4) Vegans expand the principle of harmlessness. She argues that food is just one aspect of being vegan. Therefore, one can distinguish between vegan living as opposed to 'dietary vegan'. If one broadens veganism beyond dietary veganism, then the social movement is more than a food movement."

• Jessica Greenebaum, Food, Culture, and Society (2012)

  "In this paper, I distinguish between health vegans, environmental vegans and ethical vegans. A health vegan eats a plant-based diet to lose weight or to improve physical health. However,they do not incorporate veganism into other aspects of their lives, nor are they primarily concerned with animal rights issues. An environmental vegan is concerned about the environmental impact of the meat industry. However,they may purchase leather products over polyvinyl chloride (PVC),thinking that leather is a better choice for the environment. An ethical vegan is one who adopts a vegan diet for moral, ethical and political reasons. The diet forms only part of a lifestyle that is structured around a philosophy of animal rights."

• Sali Owen (The Guardian, 1 February 2012):

  "There is not a clear divide between ethical and dietary vegans, and dietary vegans have certainly increased the availability of vegan options."

• A. Breeze Harper (2011):

  "Practitioners of veganism abstain from animal consumption (dietary and non-dietary). However, the culture of veganism iself is not a monolith and is composed of many different subcultures and philosophies throughout the world, ranging from punk strict vegans for animals rights, to people who are dietary vegans for personal health reasons, to people who practice veganism for religious and spiritual reasons."

• Associated Press (5 January 2011):

  "Ethical vegans have a moral aversion to harming animals for human consumption, be it for a flank steak or leather shoes, though the term often is used to describe people who follow the diet, not the larger philosophy."

• Donald Thomas (2011):

  "A total vegetarian or dietary vegan is someone who consistently abstains from all animal products in their diet but uses animal nonfood items such as leather, wool, etc. ... A total vegan is someone who abstains from all animal products and byproducts."

• T. J. Jacobberger (San Francisco Chronicle, 10 June 2011):

  "Dietary Vegan: Follows a vegan diet, but doesn’t necessarily try to exclude non-food uses of animals."

• Ansley Watson (Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism, 2010):

  "Vegans are divided into two sub-categories: lifestyle vegans and dietary vegans. Lifestyle vegans eschew all animal products in their diet and life ... Dietary vegans exclude animal products only from their diet."

• Gary Francione (The Animal Rights Debate, 2010):

  "Although veganism may represent a matter of diet or lifestyle for some, ethical veganism is a profound moral and political commitment to abolition on the individual level and extends not only to matters of food but also to the wearing or using of animal products."

• Robert Garner (The Animal Rights Debate, 2010):

  "I have been a vegetarian all my adult life, and I am currently a dietary vegan, and I do not wear leather."

• Layli Phillips (""Veganism and Ecowomanism", 2010):

  "While some vegans, for instance members of the Straight Edge community, demand unswerving commitment to vegan ideals and practices, many people practice some form of partial veganism. For instance, many vegans refrain from eating meat, dairy, and eggs, yet eat honey or wear leather. Other vegans shop vegan and eat vegan at home, but look the other way at a vegetarian restaurant for dishes that use a small amount of butter, cream, or cheese. ... You get the idea: for many people, veganism is a principle, not a law."

• Gary Steiner (The New York Times, 21 November 2009):

  "Strict ethical vegans, of which I am one, are customarily excoriated for equating our society's treatment of animals with mass murder."

• Betsy Dijulio (The Virginian-Pilot, 26 July 2006):

  "People adopt dietary veganism—a strict form of vegetarianism that avoids meats, eggs, dairy and honey all of the time and sugar some of the time—for a variety of reasons: health, ethics, religion ..."

• Sheri Lucas (Hypatia, 2005):

  "It is not ethical vegetarianism or veganism, but these rigid dietary habits and the goal of spreading them—especially dietary veganism—across the globe that [Kathryn Paxton] George attacks."

• Oxford English Dictionary, 2004:

  "Vegan: 1. A person who on principle abstains from all food of animal origin; a strict vegetarian."

• Vegan Research Panel (2003):

  "A Vegan Research Panel (2003) survey of 1,249 vegans found the main reasons for becoming vegan were ethical/moral (82 percent), dietary/health (14 percent), and spiritual/religious (2 percent)."

• International Vegetarian Union (2000):

  "Dietary Vegan: follows a vegan diet, but doesn't necessarily try and exclude non-food uses of animals."

• Brenda Davis and Vesanto Melina (2000):

  "Be assured that it is possible to be a dietary vegan, and it gets easier each day to find alternatives for a host of animal products."

• Joanne Stepaniak (2000):

  "'Dietary vegan' is one way to get around the sticky issue of those who consume no animal products but do not extend animal-free philosophy beyond diet, but I'm not sure it is the best choice. In a way, this is like using the term 'secular Catholic' for people who want to pick and choose which aspects of Catholicism they want to practice."

• Gail Barbara Davis (1998):

  "A strict vegetarian, or dietary vegan (pronounced vee-gun) has eliminated all products of animal origin from his or her diet ..."

• Christine H. Beard (1996):

  "Vegan or Dietary Vegan: A person who does not eat meat or meat by-products, dairy products, or eggs. ... Ethical Vegan: A person who is a strict dietary vegan and who also avoids animal products in non-food items such as clothing ..."

• Amy Blount Achor (1996):

  "Sometimes called a 'total vegetarian' or 'dietary vegan'."

• Valerie Lawrence (Canadian Medical Association Journal, 15 March 1993):

  "McQueen, a vegan, joined the TVA [Toronto Vegetarian Association] in the mid-1970s. He says dietary veganism is only one stage in his progression but pure veganism, his final objective, is much more difficult to achieve ..."

• Victoria Moran (Vegetarian Times, January 1989):

  "Webster's dictionary provides a most dry and limiting definition of the word 'vegan': 'one that consumes no animal food or dairy products.' This description explains dietary veganism, but so-called ethical vegans—and they are the majority—carry the philosophy further."

• Victoria Moran (1985):

  "More and more orthodox nutritionists are coming to sanction dietary veganism for adults, but many still warn against it for growing children."

• Oxford Illustrated Dictionary (1962):

  First independent publication of the word vegan, defined as: "a vegetarian who eats no butter, eggs, cheese or milk".

• Donald Watson (Vegan News, May 1945):

  "Veganism is the practice of living on fruits, nuts, vegetables, grains, and other wholesome non-animal products. Veganism excludes as human food: flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, honey; and animals' milk, butter and cheese. Veganism aims at encouraging the manufacture and use of alternatives to animal products."