Takarai Kikaku (Japanese: 宝井其角; 1661–1707) also known as Enomoto Kikaku, was a Japanese haikai poet and among the most accomplished disciples of Matsuo Bashō.[1][2] His father was an Edo doctor, but Kikaku chose to become a professional haikai poet rather than follow in his footsteps.[2]
Kikaku set the tone for haikai from Basho death until the time of Yosa Buson in the late 18th century;[2] and he also left an important historical document, describing Bashō's final days, and the immediate aftermath of his death, which has been translated into English.[3]
Later influence
editIn commemoration of the 300th anniversary of Kikaku's death, Nobuyuki Yuasa led an international bilingual (Japanese and English) renku, or collaborative linked poem, which opened with the following hokku by Kikaku:[4]
- 鐘ひとつ賣れぬ日はなし江戸の春
- Springtime in Edo,
- Not a day passes without
- A temple bell sold.
Bashō's criticism
edit- Kikaku wrote of coarser subjects than Bashō, and in this respect his poetry was closer to earlier haikai, as well as to senryu,[5] and his master is known to have denigrated Kikaku's 'flippant efforts'.
- Comparing Kikaku's paired haiku in 'The Rustic Haiku Contest', Bashō remarked of one that "these are artifices within a work of art; too much craft has been expended here".[6]
- One day, Kikaku composed a haiku,
- Red dragonfly / break off its wings / Sour cherry
which Bashō changed to,
- Sour cherry / add wings to it / Red dragonfly;
thus saying that poetry should add life to life, not take life away from life.[7][8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Eighteen Haiku by Kikaku, translated by Michael K. Bourdaghs, in Big City Lit, Feb 2004 Archived 2007-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Katō, Shūichi and Sanderson, Don. A History of Japanese Literature: From the Man'yōshū to Modern Times,Routledge, 1997, ISBN 978-1-873410-48-6 p.159
- ^ Takarai, Kikaku. An Account of Our Master Basho's Last Days, translated by Nobuyuki Yuasa in Springtime in Edo. Keisuisha, 2006. ISBN 4-87440-920-2, pp.15-26
- ^ Yuasa, Nobuyuki et al. Springtime in Edo. Keisuisha, 2006. ISBN 4-87440-920-2, pp.3-9
- ^ R H Blyth, A History of Haiku Vol I (1963) p. p. 132
- ^ Makoto Ueda, Matsuo Bashō (1982) p. 153
- ^ MBR: Reviewer's Bookwatch, October 2001
- ^ The Conversation Continues – Page 28
External links
edit- A selection of Kikaku's haiku translated into English
- Kikaku's An Account of Our Master Basho's Last Days
- Springtime in Edo, the international renku composed in memory of the 300th anniversary of Kikaku's death
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