Tadoussac

Tadoussac is a village municipality in La Haute-Côte-Nord RCM (Regional County Municipality), on the north shore of the maritime section of the estuary of St. Lawrence river, in Côte-Nord region, Quebec, Canada.

Tadoussac Totouskak (Innu) Gtatosag (Mi'kmaq)
Village municipality
Location within La Haute-Côte-Nord RCM
Tadoussac Location in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec
Coordinates: 48°09′N 69°43′W
Country	Canada
Province	Quebec
Region	Côte-Nord
RCM	La Haute-Côte-Nord
Settled	1599
Constituted	October 10, 1899
Government
• Mayor	Richard Therrien
• Federal riding	Montmorency—Charlevoix —Haute-Côte-Nord
• Prov. riding	René-Lévesque
Area
• Total	200.11 km2 (77.26 sq mi)
• Land	52.73 km2 (20.36 sq mi)
Population  (2021)
• Total	814
• Density	15.4/km2 (40/sq mi)
• Pop (2016–21)	1.9%
• Dwellings	514
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Postal code(s)	G0T 2A0
Area code(s)	418 and 581
Highways	R-138 R-172
Website	www.tadoussac.com

Geography

Tadoussac is located in a bay on the north shore of the lower estuary of the St. Lawrence River, at the mouth of the Saguenay River fjord. Tadoussac offers a backdrop of mountains, water, rock and greenery. The village municipality is a point of convergence between the Côte-Nord, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean and Charlevoix.

The entire area is either rural or still in a wilderness state, with several federal and provincial natural parks and preserves nearby which protect natural resources. Tadoussac encompasses the first marine national park of Canada. The nearest urban agglomeration is Saguenay about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west.

History

Tadoussac in about 1612, illustrated by Samuel de Champlain

Tadoussac, 1900

Jacques Cartier came to the site in 1535 during his second voyage. He found Innu people using it as a base for hunting seal. Later that same century, Basques conducted whaling expeditions on the river, as well as engaging in hides trade with the natives based in the shore at the mouth of the Saguenay.

Tadoussac was founded in 1599 by François Gravé Du Pont, a merchant, and Pierre de Chauvin de Tonnetuit, a captain of the French Royal Navy, when they acquired a fur trade monopoly from King Henry IV. Gravé and Chauvin built the settlement on the shore at the mouth of the Saguenay River, at its confluence with the St. Lawrence, to profit from its location. But the frontier was harsh and only five of the initial sixteen settlers survived the first winter. In 1603, the tabagie or "feast" of Tadoussac reunited Gravé with Samuel de Champlain and with the Montagnais, the Algonquins, and the Etchimins." In 1615, the Mission of L'Exaltation-de-la-Sainte-Croix-de-Tadoussac, named in memory of a cross planted by Jean de Quen, was founded by the Récollet Order. Their missionary brothers sang the first Mass there two years later.

Tadoussac remained the only seaport on the St. Lawrence River for 30 years. Colonists from the Tadoussac area were involved in whaling from 1632 until at least the end of the century.

Historians believe the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, who inhabited the St. Lawrence valley upriver to the west, were defeated and pushed out by the Mohawk before the early 17th century. By the late 17th and early 18th century, Tadoussac was the centre of fur trade between the French and First Nations peoples. Competition over the fur trade increased among the nations. In 1720, the trading post became part of the King's Domain Posts. Between 1762 and 1786, it was operated by Dunn, Gray and Murray.

In 1802, the North West Company obtained the lease on the trading posts in the King's Domain. When the North West Company (NWC) and the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) merged in 1821, it was operated by the HBC for one year until the original NWC lease expired. The renewal of the 20-year lease was awarded to John Goudie, the highest bidder, but in 1831, the HBC reacquired the King's Posts by buying the lease from William Lampson. The Tadoussac post (also called Totoushack) was the administrative headquarters for all the King's Posts until 1849, when the headquarters were relocated to Ile Jérémie. Due to a decline in the fur trade, Tadoussac became just a summer fishing post in 1851. In 1859, the HBC sold the salmon fishery, including its ice house and store, and ceased operations in Tadoussac.

In the 19th century, with industrialization reaching other parts of Canada, tourists discovered the appeal of this rural village. Wealthy Québécois built a number of vacation villas. A Victorian hotel called the Hotel Tadoussac was built in 1864; it was expanded around 1900 and demolished in 1942, and replaced by a newer Hotel Tadoussac.

In 1855, the geographic township of Tadoussac was established. In 1899, it was incorporated as a village municipality. In 1937, the Parish Municipality of Tadoussac was formed, but dissolved in 1949 because it had less than 500 inhabitants.

Contemporary

Tadoussac as seen from the St. Lawrence

The modern village of Tadoussac lies close to the site of the original settlement at the mouth of the Saguenay River. It is known as a tourist destination because of the rugged beauty of the Saguenay fjord and its facilities for whale watching. The authority for the Port of Tadoussac was transferred in April 2012 to the Municipality of Tadoussac.

Demographics

According to the 2021 census conducted by Statistics Canada, Tadoussac had a population of 814 living in 397 of its 514 total private dwellings, a change of 1.9% from its 2016 population of 799. With a land area of 52.73 km² (20.36 sq mi), it had a population density of 15.4/km² (40.0/sq mi) in 2021.

Historical census populations – Tadoussac

Year Pop. ±% 1921 470 —     1931 644 +37.0% 1941 766 +18.9% 1951 1,064 +38.9% 1956 1,066 +0.2% 1961 1,083 +1.6%	Year Pop. ±% 1966 1,059 −2.2% 1971 1,010 −4.6% 1976 998 −1.2% 1981 900 −9.8% 1986 838 −6.9% 1991 832 −0.7%	Year Pop. ±% 1996 913 +9.7% 2001 870 −4.7% 2006 850 −2.3% 2011 813 −4.4% 2016 799 −1.7% 2021 814 +1.9%
Population counts are not adjusted for boundary changes. Source: Statistics Canada

Mother tongue (2021):

• English as first language: 1.8%
• French as first language: 95.7%
• English and French as first language: 0%
• Other first language: 1.2%

Local government

List of former mayors:

• Pierre Marquis (...–2009)
• Hugues Tremblay (2009–2017)
• Charles Breton (2017–2021)
• Richard Therrien (2021–present)

Tourism and attractions

Reconstructed trading post in Tadoussac

• Trading post of Pierre Chauvin
• CIMM (Centre d'interprétation des mammifères marins), Center of Marine Mammal Interpretation
• Whale watching excursions in the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park
• Club de Golf Tadoussac

Transportation

Tadoussac is the north-east terminus of the Baie-Sainte-Catherine/Tadoussac ferry which offers free and frequent service across the Saguenay River. The ferry is part of Quebec Route 138 and the main link to Sept-Îles. The village is considered the gateway to the Manicouagan region.

Bus service to and from Quebec City and Montreal is offered by Intercar, twice a day, seven days a week.

In media

• The film The Hotel New Hampshire, based on the 1981 John Irving novel of the same name, was shot at the Hotel Tadoussac and released in 1984.
• The introduction to the Goosebumps TV series was filmed in Tadoussac, with the Hotel Tadoussac visible in the background at the first scene.

See also

• 1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake
• List of village municipalities in Quebec

External links

• Tadoussac official website
• Chapelle de Tadoussac, Mission chapel built between 1747 and 1750 (French)
• Atlas de l’eau, Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs Québec (French)
• The CIMM in Tadoussac Marine Mammal Research and Education Group (French)