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Toronto Catholic District School Board

(Redirected from TCDSB)
For General public schools in Toronto, see Toronto District School Board. For French language Catholic schools in Toronto, see Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir.

The Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB, known as English-language Separate District School Board No. 40 prior to 1999[3]) is an English-language public-separate school board for Toronto, Ontario, Canada, headquartered in North York.[4] It is one of the two English boards of education serving the city of Toronto.

Toronto Catholic District School Board
formerly known as
Metropolitan Separate School Board (MSSB)
Location
80 Sheppard Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario, M2N 6E8, Canada
Canada
District information
Motto"In God’s Image: Growing in Knowledge, with Justice and Hope."
"Imagine the Possibilities"
EstablishedApril 2, 1953 (MSSB)
January 2, 1998 (current form)
Superintendents8 (areas)
1 (Student Success and Adult Learning Centres)
Schools165 elementary schools
29 secondary schools
2 combined schools
2 alternative schools[1]
Budget~CA$1.1B (2021-2022)[2]
District IDB67059
Other information
Chair of the BoardNancy Crawford
Director of EducationDr. Brendan Browne
Elected trustees12
Student trusteesRuben Da Silveira
Ashionyedue Joygold Goodluck
Websitewww.tcdsb.org
Headquarters of the school board
The former headquarters of the board's French unit, Section de langue française

The board was founded on April 2, 1953 as the Metropolitan Separate School Board (MSSB) when nearby separate school districts were amalgamated as a singular separate school board in Metro Toronto. In addition to English-language schools, the board also operated a handful of French-language schools by the Conseil des écoles catholiques du Grand Toronto (CECGT), the board's French unit. In 1998, the MSSB was renamed and reorganized into the Toronto Catholic District School Board leaving the board with anglophone schools while the francophone schools that were previously operated by CECGT were amalgamated with nearby French school boards in the region to form Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud.

With more than 84,000 students,[1] the TCDSB is one of the largest school boards in Canada, and is the largest publicly funded Catholic school board in the world.[5]

History

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See also: Education in Ontario and Separate school
 
TCDSB's former entity, Metropolitan Separate School Board. This logo was used from 1969 to 1997.

On April 2, 1953, the Metropolitan Separate School Board (French: Les Conseil des écoles catholiques du Grand Toronto), officially known as the Metropolitan Toronto Roman Catholic Separate School Board (MTRCSSB)[6] was formed as the governing body of all publicly funded. Roman Catholic schools in Toronto through the merger of several separate boards in Metro Toronto. The merger was passed through Bill 37, the Metropolitan Separate School Board Act.[7]

At its peak in 1990, the board operated 185 anglophone and six francophone elementary schools and 41 anglophone and one francophone secondary schools with 100,000 total students. The MSSB took over seven high schools transferred from the Metropolitan Toronto School Board (MTSB) in 1988, with one of them being a francophone Catholic high school, the institution that has been lost since 1968.[7][8] The MSSB was the largest school board in Canada at the time.

In 1997, as a result of Bill 104, the Fewer School Boards Act, the boards were reorganized resulting in the separation of English and French language schools. The MSSB became known as English-language Separate District School Board No. 40 and renamed itself to the Toronto Catholic District School Board in 1999 while the former Section de langue française unit became part of the new French-language Separate District School Board No. 64 which later became Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud.

The board headquarters were located on Duke Street, then Jarvis Street, and the MSSB moved its operations in 1964 to 150 Laird Drive, the former headquarters of Durant Motors and later, Imperial Oil.[9] In 1982, the board moved to its current administrative headquarters and offices on 80 Sheppard Avenue East.[10] The school board also had the offices for Section de langue française on Drewry Avenue, opened in 1989 in the former Lewis S. Beattie Secondary School, though it has since been occupied by Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir as its administrative offices.

Organization

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The Toronto Catholic District School Board mission statement that nurtures "the faith development and academic excellence of our Catholic learning community through the love of God, neighbour, and self." The vision encourages learning communities of the Board to follow God's Image that grows in "Knowledge, with Justice and Hope."[11]

The school board is governed by 12 elected trustees who serve for a four-year term. Each year one secondary school student is selected to serve on the board as a student trustee (who is not entitled to vote). The chair of the board, the vice-chair, and the honorary treasurer are elected at the inaugural meeting of the board, and serve for one year. As of April 2024, Nancy Crawford serves as chair, and Markus de Domenico serves as vice-chair. Trustees are paid $18,500 a year in salary, and can claim up to $18,000 for expenses. Prior to the 1998 separation of French-language schools, the Metropolitan Separate School Board had three French language seats.[12] The policies of the Board are administered by the Director of Education and designates.

There are more than 91,000 students serving over 195 Catholic schools, and represent close to 475,000 Catholic school supporters in all of Toronto. The TCDSB also has staff consisting of 6,000 teachers, 2,800 support staff, 360 principals and vice principals, and 200 administrators.[13]

In addition, the Board operates standing three committees: the Student Achievement and Well Being, Catholic Education and Human Resources, Corporate Affairs, Strategic Planning and Property, & Governance Framework.[14]

Trustees

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As of 2024, the trustee boundaries are aligned with the municipal wards, which was realigned to match with the federal and provincial ward boundaries.

Ward Trustee Municipal Ward Federal and Provincial Riding TDSB Corresponding Ward Notes
1 Joseph Martino 1 Etobicoke North 1
  • Chair of the Board
2 Markus De Domenico 2 Etobicoke Centre 2
3 Ida Li Preti 7 Humber River—Black Creek 4
4 Teresa Lubinski 3, 4 Etobicoke-Lakeshore
Parkdale-High Park 		3, 7
5 Maria Rizzo 6, 8, 10 York Centre
Eglinton-Lawrence
Willowdale 		5, 8, 12
6 Frank D'Amico 9 Davenport 9
7 Mike Del Grande 21, 22 Scarborough Centre
Scarborough-Agincourt 		17, 20
8 Garry Tanuan 23, 25 Scarborough North
Scarborough-Rouge Park 		21, 22
9 Norm Di Pasquale 10, 11, 12, 13 Spadina-Fort York
University-Rosedale
Toronto-St. Paul's
Toronto Centre 		8, 9, 10
10 Daniel Di Giorgio 5 York South-Weston 7, 9
11 Angela Kennedy 14, 15, 16, 17, 19 Toronto-Danforth
Don Valley West
Don Valley East
Don Valley North
Beaches-East York 		11, 13, 14, 15, 16
12 Nancy Crawford 20, 24 Scarborough Southwest
Scarborough-Guildwood 		18, 19
  • Vice-Chair of the Board
Student Trustee(s) JoyGold Goodluck
(Father Henry Carr)
Ruben Da Silveira
(Marshall McLuhan) 		--- --- ---

Chairs of the Board

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Italics indicate the trustee remains active.[15]

  • Averell Robinson, Q.C. - 1953–1954; Original chair of the MSSB
  • Rev. Msgr. Hugh Callaghan, D.P. - 1954–1955
  • Gerard Godin - 1956–1957
  • Georges B. Heenan - 1958–1959
  • Michael J. Duggan - 1960–1962
  • Edward J. Brisbois - 1963–1965
  • Dr. John J. Andrachuk - 1966–1967
  • Rev. Msgr. Percy H. Johnson, P.H. 1968–1969; School named after him.
  • J.A. Fullerton - 1970–1971
  • J.A. Marrese - 1972–1974
  • Joseph Grittani - 1975–1976
  • Rev. E.F. Boehler - 1977–1978
  • Bruno M. Suppa - 1979–1980
  • Paul J. Duggan - 1981–1982
  • Edward T. McMahon - 1983–1984; 1996–1997
  • Rev. E.F. Boehler - 1984–1985
  • Rev. C. Matthews, S.J. - 1985–1986
  • Caroline M. DiGiovanni - 1986–1988
  • Michael Lofranco - 1988–1989
  • Donald E. Clune - 1989–1992
  • Elvira DeMonte - 1992–1994
  • Paul B.R. Fernandes - 1994–1996
  • Joseph Martino - 1997–1999 - Last chair as MSSB and first chair of the reorganized TCDSB.
  • Rose Andrachuk - 1999–2000
  • Mike Del Grande - 2000–2001 - Later became city councilor; 2014–2015
  • Joseph Carnevale - 2001–2003;
  • Oliver Carroll - 2003–2007 - Ousted in early 2009 for conflict of interest charges.[16] Now serves as a teacher for the Toronto District School Board since 2010 and teaches at Scarborough Centre for Alternative Studies from 2012 onwards.[17][18]
  • Catherine LeBlanc-Miller - 2008–2009
  • Angela Kennedy - 2009–2010 - later removed by the judge and was later re-elected; 2015–2016
  • Ann Andrachuk - 2010-2013
  • Jo-Ann Davis - 2013–2014
  • Barbara Poplawski - 2017–present

Directors of Education

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Current

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The current director of education is Dr. Brendan Browne, who was appointed in 2020. Prior to his appointment, Browne served as the central superintendent for the Toronto District School Board covering schools in most of the former North York and Scarborough.

Past directors

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  • B. E. Nelligan - 1965–1983
  • Berchman Kipp - 1983–1989
  • Tony Barone - 1989–1996
  • Norm Forma - 1996–1997
  • Johanne Stewart - 1997–2001
  • Tom Donavan - 2001–2005
  • Noel Martin (Acting) - 2005
  • Kevin Kobus - 2005–2007
  • Les Nemes - 2007–2009[19]
  • Ann Perron - 2009–2011[20]
  • Bruce Rodrigues - 2011–2013 (now CEO at EQAO)
  • Angela Gauthier - 2013-2017 (served as Interim Director in 2011)
  • Rory McGuckin - 2017-2020

Charity

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The Angel Foundation for Learning (AFL) is a TCDSB-organized charity that was founded on April 23, 1987, as the Metropolitan Toronto Catholic Education Foundation (MTCEF, French: Fondation métropolitaine d'éducation catholique de Toronto) to serve and support the needs of the education of younger Roman Catholic students in the City of Toronto.

School building architecture

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Like the TDSB-built schools, 70% of the TCDSB stock of school buildings outside of the old City of Toronto were built after World War II and during the 1950s. These are typically Mid-Century modern in style with two to three storey brick facade and large double hung windows albeit from the cross attached. Some are built in Tudor Gothic style ones in the late 1800s.

Schools

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Main article: List of schools in the Toronto Catholic District School Board

School bus transportation

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The following service providers have been contracted by the school board:[21]

Uniforms

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Uniforms are mandatory for students at the secondary level and elementary starting in the fall 2011.[22] In 2010 some elementary schools started implementing use of uniforms.[22]

In 1988, the MSSB ruled that public separate high schools are required to wear uniforms. At the time, all of the high schools in Scarborough except for Newman had uniforms. Some trustees anticipated protests from parents and students from Newman.[23]

As of 2020, all TCDSB elementary students must wear a uniform of a white or navy blue top, and navy blue bottoms. This is enforced in special programs such as the gifted program and ME.

Controversies

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Enrolment of non-Catholics

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While Catholic high schools are funded by the provincial government, making them open to any students who wish to attend, elementary schools do not have to enrol non-Catholic students. Many argue that the practice of fully funding separate schools exclusively for the Catholic faith is discriminatory to other religions (the United Nations has twice chastised the province for this policy). Supporters of the current Catholic education system point out that it has existed, in one form or another, since Confederation, and that the Constitution Act, 1867 enshrines the right to government-funded religious education to all Catholics. The opposition, however, argues that this is an appeal to tradition, and point to other provinces in Canada which amended the constitution to abolish Catholic school funding. It is up to the school principal whether or not non-Catholics are enrolled.

Government funding

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Recently, the issue of government funding for religious schools has become a major political issue (see 2007 Ontario general election), with PC Party Leader John Tory supporting an extension of funding to all religious schools, Dalton McGuinty's Liberals and Howard Hampton's NDP supporting the status quo, and Frank de Jong's Greens alone calling for elimination of public funding for all religious schools (including Catholic Schools).

Labour issues

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The first strikes occurred on April 5–11, 1986 when 6,000 teachers of the Metro Separate School Board went on strike with over 100,000 students affected.[24][25]

From August 2002, the Toronto Catholic elementary teachers were without a contract and imposed work to rule beginning February 2003. With stalled negotiations, the TCDSB officially locked out the teachers on May 16, 2003, and the strike lasted 12 days which left 69,000 students affected.[26] The lockout ended when the Ontario government enacted back-to-work legislation on June 3, 2003.[27]

Conflict arose once again when the TCDSB elementary teachers imposed work to rule once more in 2016.[28]

Again in 2021, during the middle of a pandemic, teachers imposed work to rule, leaving report cards blank and ordering their members to not help in distribution of their students personal belongs in June 2021, without resolution in sight as of August 2021.[29]

Trustee spending scandal

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The board was embroiled in controversy in May 2008 when a report commissioned by the provincial government uncovered spending abuses by certain trustees, including charges for meals, promotional materials, and prohibited benefits.[30][31] Provincial supervisor Norbert Hartmann was appointed to oversee administration of the board as a result.[32]

Incidents between students and faculty

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During a school trip organized by Holy Spirit Catholic School's eighth-grade students, vice-principal Stephen Patel threw a shoe at 14-year-old student Ian Goulbourne, hitting him in the forehead while on an excursion in Montreal on the school bus on April 24, 2013.[33] Goulborune was taken to the Montreal Children's Hospital to be treated and Patel was sent home the next day on the Via Rail train on paid leave by the TCDSB while it investigated such incident.[34]

A few weeks later, Ferdinando Marrello, a teacher at Monsignor Fraser College was charged with allegations of assaulting a female student who was grabbed by the throat and punched in the face.[35]

In August 2018, Gerry McGilly, 47-year-old former English teacher at Bishop Allen Academy was sentenced to 2–3 years in prison after he pleaded guilty to luring, making child pornography and sexual exploitation of his students, including three 17-year-old victims, dated between 2014 and 2017.[36][37]

On May 1, 2019, Toronto Police formally charged 35-year-old Justin Iozzo, teacher of Father John Redmond Catholic Secondary School of one count of sexual assault and one count of sexual interference that occurred in December 2016 when a student was assaulted on school property. Iozzo had been employed by the Board since 2012 and started his teaching career at Stella Maris and St. John the Evangelist Catholic Schools.[38] However, thirteen days later, Toronto Police arrested 36-year-old Brian Ross, a teacher and coach at Senator O'Connor College School, who is facing charges of sexual assault stemming from a string of incidents during the 2011–12 academic year including a 16-year-old female student being assaulted during his 10-year tenure at Marshall McLuhan Catholic Secondary School and another in March 2017.[39]

LGBT issues

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The TCDSB has a number of issues with the LGBT communities and the Roman Catholic education in Toronto.

In May 2013, two trustees, Gary Tanuan and John Del Grande, the son of Mike Del Grande, passed a motion to eliminate Gay-straight alliances in all TCDSB schools. The motion stated that the "Toronto Catholic District School Board schools shall have no Gay Straight Alliance (GSA) clubs or similar." Tanuan's motion stemmed from a report for all anti-bullying clubs to adhere to the "Respecting Difference" report issued by the Ontario Catholic School Trustees' Association in January 2012. This report offered guidelines for Catholic schools that included calling groups like GSAs "Respecting Differences" clubs and avoiding discussions of sexual attraction, political activism and gender identity.[40]

However, in November 2020, the TCDSB imposed sanctions against Mike Del Grande over the LGBT2Q+ comments during the November 7, 2019 meeting for comparing homosexuality to bestiality, pedophilia and cannibalism. Del Grande violated the code of conduct for trustees even though he was acting within his role as a trustee to debate the motion.[41]

On January 8, 2021, the TCDSB removed the Lesbian Gay Bi Trans Youth Line, a phone peer support line for youth, from their online mental health resource list for students. The removal of YouthLine coincided the same time as when Joe Volpe ran an opinion piece in Corriere Canadese purporting that YouthLine is inappropriate.[42] YouthLine refuted Volpe's article, calling it "homophobic, transphobic, and racist." YouthLine reaffirmed that their anonymous services provide queer, transgender and questioning youth much needed information and resources.[43] Pride Toronto called TCDSB's decision "another example of systemic homophobia and transphobia that continues to run deep within the publicly-funded school board."[44] In May 2022, Youthline and the other defendants won their case in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, and all of Volpe's charges against them were dropped.[45]

On May 6, 2021, the TCDSB voted to recognize June as Pride Month and the raising of the LGBT rainbow flag in all schools and board offices for the first time since the board's inception in 1953. The move comes after Halton Catholic District School Board rejected the vote on raising the gay flag while the Waterloo Catholic District School Board approved the raising of the rainbow flag a month prior.[46]

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The official symbol of the Toronto Catholic District School Board was designed in 1969 by the internationally recognized design artist, Allan Fleming, who designed the Canadian National logo. It combines the cross, the anchor, and the heart representing the three theological virtues of faith, hope and charity. It is based on the cross and anchor symbol used by the early Christians in the catacombs, the added heart representing humanity.[47]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Board | Toronto Catholic District School Board". www.tcdsb.org. TCDSB. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  2. ^ "TCDSB 2020-2021 Budget Estimates | Toronto Catholic District School Board". www.tcdsb.org. TCDSB. Archived from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  3. ^ "Ontario Regulation 107/08". e-Laws. Government of Ontario. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  4. ^ "About Us Archived 2011-04-11 at the Wayback Machine." Toronto Catholic District School Board. Retrieved on March 11, 2011. "Administrative Offices: Toronto Catholic District School Board 80 Sheppard Avenue East, North York, ON M2N 6E8"
  5. ^ "Andrachuk re-elected chair of Toronto Catholic board". Archived from the original on 2013-07-30. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
  6. ^ Borthwick, Burton (1980). The Gifted and Talented Students in Canada: Results of a CEA Survey. ISBN 9780919078659.
  7. ^ a b "History of the Board | Toronto Catholic District School Board". Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
  8. ^ Minutes of the Metropolitan Toronto School Board (PDF) (Report). 1988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2020.
  9. ^ Heritage Preservation Services, City Planning Division (16 October 2015). Heritage Property Research and Evaluation Report (PDF) (Report). City of Toronto. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2021.
  10. ^ #111 – Official Opening of the CEC (Photo collage). Toronto Catholic District School Board. Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. The current central office of the TCDSB, the Catholic Education Centre, opened in 1982.
  11. ^ "TCDSB Mission and Vision". Archived from the original on 2013-08-31. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
  12. ^ "Newcomer wins French seat on school board." Toronto Star. November 16, 1991. News p.A12. Retrieved on July 24, 2013. " to one of the three French-language seats on the Metropolitan Separate School Board."
  13. ^ TCDSB - About Us Archived 2013-09-14 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "Committees of the Board | TCDSB". Archived from the original on 2013-09-29. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  15. ^ "Inaugural Meeting" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-12.
  16. ^ Judge orders Catholic trustee out Archived 2017-02-04 at the Wayback Machine - Toronto Star, February 7, 2009. Retrieved on October 12, 2013.
  17. ^ Rushowy, Kristin Ousted from Catholic board, trustee now a public high school teacher Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine - Toronto Star, September 10, 2010. Retrieved on October 12, 2013.
  18. ^ People | SCAS Ed-Vance
  19. ^ "News release" (PDF). www.tcdsb.org. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
  20. ^ "News release" (PDF). www.tcdsb.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
  21. ^ "Toronto Student Transportation Group – Providers". Torontoschoolbus.org. 2014-06-20. Archived from the original on 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
  22. ^ a b "CityNews Toronto, Winnipeg & Edmonton - local news, entertainment, life, video and sports". Citytv.com. 2018-05-17. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
  23. ^ "Catholic high school students must wear uniforms, board says." Toronto Star. February 2, 1988. News p. A16. Retrieved on September 15, 2013. "Now students at all 32 Catholic secondary schools except for Newman school in Scarborough wear uniforms. Some trustees fear Blessed Cardinal Newman students and their parents will protest the decision."
  24. ^ "A history of the Toronto secondary unit" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-26.
  25. ^ "Redirecting your request to eMuseum host". Archived from the original on 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2019-06-26.
  26. ^ Alphonso, Caroline (16 May 2003). "Catholic grade-school teachers locked out - The Globe and Mail". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  27. ^ "Law Document English View | Ontario.ca". 24 July 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  28. ^ Brown, Louise (12 May 2016). "Toronto Catholic elementary teachers to launch work-to-rule | The Star". The Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  29. ^ Rushowy, Kristin (17 June 2021). "No meet-and-greets for Toronto Catholic elementary teachers, union says | The Star". The Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  30. ^ "ParentCentral.ca - Education - Catholic board cuts 85 teachers". Archived from the original on 2008-06-06. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  31. ^ "Microsoft Word - EPTC_Report Final ver 6.doc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
  32. ^ "Letter to Parents and Guardians" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  33. ^ Yuen, Jenny Toronto student injured by shoe-throwing TCDSB vice-principal - Toronto Sun, 26 April 2013. Retrieved on 11 April 2016.
  34. ^ Hauch, Valerie Vice-principal throws shoe at student Archived 2016-04-21 at the Wayback Machine - Toronto Star, 27 April 2013. Retrieved on 11 April 2016.
  35. ^ Robertson, Dylan C. (2 May 2013). "Teacher charged with assault after female student allegedly punched at Toronto school | The Star". The Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  36. ^ "Popular Toronto high school teacher sentenced to jail time for sex crimes against students - Toronto | Globalnews.ca". Archived from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  37. ^ "Popular English teacher who lured, sexually exploited students gets 33 months in prison". Archived from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  38. ^ "Etobicoke school teacher charged in alleged sexual assault of student". 10 May 2019. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  39. ^ "TCDSB high school teacher accused of sexual assault facing new charges". 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  40. ^ Fauteux, Justin (16 May 2013). "Two Toronto Catholic school trustees move to get rid of gay-straight alliances - The Globe and Mail". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  41. ^ "TCDSB trustee censured over 'inflammatory' comments made during LGBTQ2-related motion in 2019 - Toronto | Globalnews.ca". Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  42. ^ "Toronto Catholic school board to review decision to remove LGBTQ+ support line resource after backlash". thestar.com. 2021-01-12. Archived from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  43. ^ "Public Statement (January 11, 2021)". LGBT Youth Line. Archived from the original on 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  44. ^ "TCDSB under fire for eliminating LGBTQ2 online resources". Global News. Archived from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  45. ^ "Volpe v. Wong-Tam, 2022 ONSC 3106 (CanLII)". 2022-05-26. Archived from the original on 2022-05-31. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  46. ^ "Toronto Catholic schools will raise Pride flag for 1st time next month | CBC News". Archived from the original on 2021-06-07. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  47. ^ "Our Logo". Archived from the original on 2013-06-14. Retrieved 2013-03-21.

Further reading

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