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Suhayl al-Hasan

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Major General Suhayl al-Hasan (Arabic: سُهَيْلُ الْحَسَنِ, romanized: Suhayl al-Ḥasan; born 10 June 1970) is a Syrian military officer,[4][5][6] formerly serving as the commander of the Syrian Army's Special Forces. He graduated from the Syrian Air Force academy in 1991, and served in many units in the Syrian Air Defence Force Command, completing several training courses. Following his service in the Syrian Air Force and Air Defence units, he joined the Air Force Intelligence service, where he was responsible for the training of the elements of the Special Operations Section. During the Syrian Civil War, al-Hasan has served and commanded his troops during several major engagements, including Operation Canopus Star and the battle for the Shaer gas field. He is part of the new generation of field Syrian army commanders who emerged during the civil war.[7] French newspaper Le Monde has claimed he could be a rival to Assad as leader of Syria.[8]

Suhayl al-Hasan
سُهَيْلُ الْحَسَنِ
Other name(s)Al-Nimr ('the Tiger')
Born (1970-06-10) 10 June 1970 (age 54)[1]
Beit Ana, Jableh, Latakia, Syria[2]
Allegiance Ba'athist Syria
Service / branch Syrian Army
Years of service1991–2024
Rank Major General
CommandsSpecial Forces Command
25th Special Mission Forces Division
Battles / wars
AwardsOrder of Civil Merit
Order of Bravery
Order of Friendship (Russia)[3]

Al-Hasan was described by analysts as preferring Russia (as opposed to Iran) to serve as the Syrian Government's main ally during the civil war and subsequent post-war reconstruction. His position is contrasted by Maher al-Assad, brother of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and head of Syria's Republican Guard and 4th Armoured Division, who is reported as preferring Iran.[9][10][11]

Biography

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Al-Hasan is an Alawite.[8] He has a son that, as of November 2014, he had not seen for four years due to the Syrian civil war. Hassan's first major media appearance was a spring 2014 video filmed and posted online by the pro-government Sama TV, showing Hassan visiting troops at the front in Aleppo.[8] He is known for liking poetry, even broadcasting his own poems over to the loudspeaker at his enemies, as a warning of what will come if they do not surrender. He says that he always tries to give a chance to his enemies to give up and surrender, but has no pity if they do not or if they betray him.[12]

Hassan refused a promotion to become brigadier general in order to continue to lead his troops directly on the battlefield.[13] His battle tactics have been described as utilizing a scorched earth policy followed by assaulting opposition positions with house to house raids.[8] A Syrian military source claimed Hassan had "never lost any battles" with Syrian opposition forces,[14] yet the second siege of Wadi Deif was seen as a personal defeat for Hassan,[15] while the Tiger forces under Hassan's command failed to break opposition force's lines when dispatched to Idlib to counter opposition offensives in 2015.[16]

On 25 December 2015, al-Hassan was allegedly promoted from colonel to brigadier general, though Hassan's rank was disputed.[17][18][4] On 31 December 2022, he was promoted to major general. On 9 April 2024, he was appointed as Commander of the Special Forces of the Syrian Arab Army.[19]

Military service

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In 1991, al-Hasan was graduated with the rank of Lieutenant from the Homs Military College. He was quickly inducted into the Air Force Intelligence Directorate’s Special Operations Unit, where he would oversee the training and development of Syria's paratrooper contingents of the Syrian Arab Army (SAA). Impressed with Hassan's work ethic and effectiveness, the Syrian Arab Army's Central Command transferred him to the Syrian Air Force Intelligence headquarters; this coincided with the rise of al-Qaeda activity from 2005 to 2006. Known to be relentless and prudent, Colonel Hassan infiltrated Al-Qaeda networks inside Syria, resulting in the arrest of a number of its members operating within the borders of the country.

During the Syrian civil war

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In 2011, Colonel al-Hasan was transferred to the SAA's Special Forces (Qawat Al-Khassa), leading the front against Al-Qaeda in Syria—the Al-Nusra Front—on the outskirts of Latakia in 2013. His success led many in the Central Command to recommend his transfer to other fronts. He later spent his time in Hama until he was tasked with a special project by the Central Command in the fall of 2013—to train and lead a Special Forces unit that would work primarily as an offensive unit. Colonel Hassan handpicked many of the soldiers that would later form the Tiger Forces; this included his close confidant and companion, Captain Lu’ayy Al-Sleitan.[1]

Ariha Battle (August 2013)

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In August 2013, the strategically important city of Ariha in Idlib governorate fell to the rebels. al-Hassan led the counterattack on the town. The battle lasted 10 days, and the Syrian army, backed up by heavy airstrikes, managed to retake control of the town, expelling the rebels.[20][21][22]

Aleppo campaign (September 2013 – July 2014)

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On 26 August 2013, rebels captured the strategic town of Khanasir, cutting the government's last land supply route, passing through the desert, to the contested city of Aleppo.[23] al-Hassan was tasked to reopen the road, and left from Hama leading a big military convoy, in order to achieve this goal. On 3 October, after a week-long battle, the Syrian army took back the control of Khanasir.[24] One week later and after more than 40 villages captured,[25] the siege of Aleppo by the rebels was broken.[26] By this point, al-Hassan's forces had advanced 250 km into rebel lines to lift the siege of the city.[27]

After, solidifying control around Aleppo airport by taking Base 80 and Naqqarin at the end of 2013, al-Hassan and his troops pushed north toward the industrial city.

The Aleppo industrial city, named Sheikh Najjar, is a huge industrial complex located north of Aleppo. It was the most heavily fortified position of the rebels during the war, with miles of tunnels and rebels weapons factories.[28] The battle lasted from January 2014 and ended 4 July with the complete takeover of the industrial city by the Syrian Army.[28][29]

On 22 May 2014, the Syrian troops led by al-Hassan, managed to relieve the Aleppo central prison, which was besieged and attacked relentlessly by rebels and jihadists for more than one year. It was a symbolic victory for the Syrian army, and allowed the Syrian troops to close another supply road used by the rebels in Aleppo, who were besieging Aleppo in the summer of 2013, and were in position to be besieged in eastern Aleppo at the end of 2014.[30][31]

Opposition forces claim that when they attempted to negotiate the return of Iranian-sponsored Afghan fighters that were captured during the battle, Hassan responded "Do what you want with them. You can kill them, they're just mercenaries. We can send you thousands of them."[32]

Hama campaign (July 2014 – October 2014)

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In July 2014, Al-Qaeda Syrian branch, al-Nusra Front, launched a big offensive, personally led by their supreme leader, Ahmed al-Sharaa, in the north of Hama Governorate, threatening both Hama city and the Hama Military Airport, as well as the Christian city of Mhardeh. The situation was difficult for the Syrian army [33] and colonel al-Hassan was assigned the task of leading all the military operations in the governorate to counter the al-Nusra threat. Observers were judging the mission to be very difficult, given the high numbers of Al Nusra and rebels forces committed to the battle and the fact that a lot of Hassan forces were still on the Aleppo front. Hassan arrived in Hama governorate at the end of August with some of his elite troops who made an immediate impact.[34] The Syrian troops quickly took control of Arzah, Khittab and its base, and ended the jihadist attack on Mhardeh. The counterattack gained momentum and eventually reversed all rebels gains, including Helfaya in less than one month.[35]

The army continued its offensive, entering previously held rebel territory, putting under heavy pressure rebel strongholds of Lataminah and Kafr Zita, and retaking the strategic towns of Morek, where Syrian army had failed to dislodge rebels during 10 months.[36]

Homs desert and Shaer gas field (November 2014 – March 2015)

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See also: Second Battle of the Shaer gas field

In early November 2014, he took part in the operation to retake the gas field seized at the end of the previous month by the jihadists of the Islamic State.

Idlib (April 2015 – June 2015)

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See also: 2015 Jisr al-Shughur offensive

In late April 2015, he was at the front lines in Idlib Governorate fighting against a massive rebel assault on Jisr al-Shughur.[37] A video surfaced of him making a dire call to the Syrian Defence Minister for supplies saying that he has 800 men and they need ammunition immediately, he says they can return (to the fight, presumably) but they need ammunition.[38] Col. Jemiel Radoon of the Falcons of al-Ghab, a Free Syrian Army battalion that made attempts to block Hassan's retreat from Idlib, stated regarding the video: “I know him. He was rattled. He’d lost his composure”.[39]

On 13 June, one of Hassan's bodyguards was killed by sniper fire.[40]

Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)

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See also: Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)

On 7 August, Hassan was wounded in a rebel mortar attack on a government military camp.[41]

Breaking the siege of Kuweires airport (October 2015 – November 2015)

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See also: Kuweires offensive (September–November 2015)

The Kuweires military airport located in east Aleppo countryside was besieged first by rebels groups in 2013 and then by the Islamic State following their capture of rebel territory east of Aleppo in 2014. The Syrian soldiers holed up inside repelled several attempts by the Islamic state to take the base. The Syrian army started a military operation in September 2015 retaking some positions near Kweires. By mid-October, al-Hassan and his Tiger forces started to advance on Kweires seizing village after village towards Kuweires. ISIS attacked and cut the main road between Aleppo and Hama during two weeks and launched an attack on the strategic city of al-Safirah in attempt to divert the army but was repelled. The siege was finally broken on 11 November after nearly a one-month offensive to close the 10 km gap between the army position and the airbase.[42][43] President Bashar Al-Assad personally congratulated al-Hassan on his role in breaking the siege on the air-base.[44]

Targeting by Turkish drone strike

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See also: Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)

On 4 March 2020, as part of Operation Spring Shield Turkish sources claimed that al-Hassan was targeted and wounded by Turkish drone strikes near Saraqib.[45][46]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Who is Colonel Suheil Al-Hassan of the Tiger Forces?". al-Masdar News. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  2. ^ Fadel, Leith (26 February 2015). "Who is Colonel Suheil Al-Hassan of the Tiger Forces?". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  3. ^ "Russia awarded Syrian Colonel Suheil al Hassan with medal". liveuamap. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Syrian Arab Army". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  5. ^ "Maher Al-Assad, Suheil Al-Hassan official accept military promotions". 31 December 2016. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  6. ^ "Syrian Arab Army". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  7. ^ "Battered but hardened, Syria army adapts to guerrilla war". Yahoo News. 21 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  8. ^ a b c d Barthe, Benjamin (12 December 2014). "The Syrian Tiger: Assad's Biggest Threat May Be From Within". Worldcrunch. Le Monde. Archived from the original on 28 June 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015. The colonel, estimated to be in his early fifties
  9. ^ "Russia, Iran in Syria: Partners clashing - Region - World - Ahram Online". english.ahram.org.eg. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  10. ^ "Columnist In Syrian Daily Close To Assad Regime: As Russia-Iran Disagreements In Syria Increase, Each One Pressures Regime To Accept Its Initiative For The Region". MEMRI. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  11. ^ Bakeer, Ali. "US 'maximum pressure' on Iran is empowering Russia in Syria". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  12. ^ "An audience with 'the Tiger' – Bashar al-Assad's favourite soldier". The Independent. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  13. ^ "Anti-Assad Alawites call for brave and fearless commander SYRIA NEWS – ZAMAN ALWSL #syria". SYRIA NEWS – ZAMAN ALWSL #syria. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  14. ^ "Syrian regime forces fight on multiple fronts around Aleppo – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  15. ^ al-Haj, Mustafa (19 December 2014). "Jabhat al-Nusra deals Syrian regime major blow in Idlib". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  16. ^ "In Syria, the Stakes Are High for a Rebel Offensive". Stratfor. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015. These reinforcements, spearheaded by the renowned loyalist Tiger Forces, made some initial gains around the town of mastouma south of Idlib but did not succeed in breaking the rebel lines.
  17. ^ "Prominent Tiger Forces Commander Promoted to Major General". 15 December 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  18. ^ "Maher Al-Assad, Suheil Al-Hassan official accept military promotions". 31 December 2016. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  19. ^ Gregory Waters (12 April 2024). "Changes to Syria's special forces this week: Recently appointed Mohamad Saftly moved to command 30th SRG Division. Replaced as head of Special Forces by Suhail Hassan. Suhail replaced as head of 25th Div by former senior Tiger commander, current 30th Div commander Saleh Abdullah". Twitter. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  20. ^ "Army retakes strategic town in northwest Syria". 3 September 2013. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  21. ^ "Syrian forces capture strategic northern town: opposition". Reuters. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  22. ^ "Syrian regime forces fight on multiple fronts around Aleppo – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  23. ^ "Syria rebels take control of strategic town". Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  24. ^ "Syria army retakes northern strategic town". Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  25. ^ "Syria army retakes 40 villages, opens Hama-Aleppo road". Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  26. ^ "Syrian Army Ends Opposition Siege on Aleppo". Archived from the original on 8 June 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  27. ^ "Face-to-face with 'The Tiger – Bashar al-Assad's favourite soldier, Colonel Soheil Hassan – Comment – Voices – The Independent". The Independent. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  28. ^ a b "Aleppo's Sheikh Najjar: The death of a once-rich city". Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  29. ^ IANS (4 July 2014). "Syrian army retakes industrial city in Aleppo province". Business Standard India. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  30. ^ "BBC News – Aleppo prison siege 'broken by Syrian troops'". BBC News. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  31. ^ "Syrian army fights for last major rebel route into Aleppo". Reuters. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  32. ^ Reuter, Christoph (9 June 2015). "The Afghans Fighting Assad's War". Spiegel Online. Der Spiegel. Retrieved 10 June 2015. A rebel commander from Aleppo, who is leading negotiations for six other Afghans, at least managed to reach one of the most powerful Syrian officers on the telephone: Colonel Suhail al-Hassan, called Nimr, or tiger, by his supporters. The colonel's answer was succinct: "Do what you want with them. You can kill them, they're just mercenaries. We can send you thousands of them."
  33. ^ "Syria Analysis: The Assad Regime Is In Serious Trouble Near Hama". EA WorldView. 27 August 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  34. ^ "Syrian Republic – Tiger Forces Arrive in Hama to Combat... – Facebook". Facebook. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  35. ^ "Syrian forces win battle with rebels in Hama". Reuters. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  36. ^ "Army retakes key Syrian town from rebels: monitor". The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  37. ^ Leith Fadel (4 April 2015). "Tiger Forces Arrive at Ariha; Jaysh Al-Fatah Tries to Enter Al-Mastouma". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  38. ^ "Syria Video Feature: When Famous Colonel "The Tiger" Hassan Appealed to Damascus for Reinforcements". EA WorldView. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  39. ^ Gutman, Roy; Alhamadee, Mousab (3 May 2015). "Rebel worry: How to control Islamists if Assad is pushed from northern Syria". Ledger-Enquirer. The McClatchy Company. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015. The videos of Hassan begging for help – there are two versions of the scene that have been seen 82,000 times – are being viewed with delight and satisfaction among opponents of the Assad regime. "I know him. He was rattled. He'd lost his composure" said Col. Jemiel Radoon, a U.S.-backed moderate rebel commander.
  40. ^ "Violent clashes erupt in the countryside of Hama, while the regime forces shell areas in it". SOHR. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015. One of the guards of the Colonel Sohil al-Hassan known as al-Nemr (the Tiger) died of wounds due to shooting him by a sniper earlier.
  41. ^ Leith Fadel (8 August 2015). "Key Tiger Forces Commander Killed; Colonel Suheil Al-Hassan Wounded in the Wadi Al-Ghaab". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  42. ^ "ISIL siege of Aleppo airbase 'broken by Syrian army'". Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  43. ^ "Syrian troops capture northern village from IS". Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  44. ^ "President Assad Congratulates Colonel Hassan for Liberating the Kuweires Airport". 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  45. ^ "Esad'ın katliamcı generali Süheyl Hasan, SİHA ile vuruldu". A Haber. 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  46. ^ "Son dakika: İdlib'de SİHA'lardan nokta atışı! Rejim komutanı Süheyl El Hasan SİHA ile vuruldu". Takvim. 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
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