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St. John Greer Ervine

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St John Greer Ervine (28 December 1883 – 24 January 1971) was an Irish biographer, novelist, critic, dramatist, and theatre manager.[1] He was the most prominent Ulster writer of the early twentieth century and a major Irish dramatist whose work influenced the plays of W. B. Yeats and Sean O'Casey. The Wayward Man was among the first novels to explore the character, and conflicts, of Belfast.[2]

Biography

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Ervine was born as John Greer Irvine in Ballymacarrett in east Belfast, in the shadow of the shipyards, to deaf-mute parents. Every member of his family had been born in County Down for 300 years. His father, a printer, died soon after his birth and the family moved in with Ervine's grandmother who ran a small shop. Ervine became an insurance clerk in a Belfast office at the age of 17 and shortly after he moved to London.[2]

In London Ervine met George Bernard Shaw and began to write journalism as well as his first plays, adopting the name St John Ervine "as more fitting for his ambitions". His first full-length play, Mixed Marriage, was produced by Dublin's Abbey Theatre in 1911. It had several runs as one of the Abbey's most profitable plays. Yeats praised Ervine's plays for depicting the real life experienced by the people of the north of Ireland as Synge's work had done for those of the west of Ireland.[2]

In June 1913, Ervine was standing beside Emily Davison at The Derby and witnessed her being fatally injured by King George V's horse.[3]

In 1915 Yeats appointed Ervine as the Abbey's general manager.[4] Ervine's tenure was a commercial success. The production of several successful comedies restored the theatre's finances. But Ervine's demands on the actors, combined with his outrage at the Easter Rising of 1916, led to open conflict. Ervine resigned from the Abbey in 1916 and enlisted in the Household Battalion. On 1 January 1917 he was commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant in the second reserve of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers,[5] and was transferred to a regular battalion on 1 August 1917.[6] After being wounded in Flanders one of his legs had to be amputated. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 February 1919 and relinquished his commission due to his wounds on 5 December 1919.[7]

Through the 1920s and 1930s Ervine wrote drawing-room comedies that were box-office successes. Several had West End runs of up to two years, among them Anthony and Anna (1926) and The First Mrs. Fraser (1929).[1] In 1936 Ervine's Boyd's Shop, "the play that defined Northern Irish drama for decades", was produced.[2] Arnold Bennett hailed him as a playwright "unequalled" in England, with plays that "combined great skill, fine ideals, and perfect sincerity with immense popular success".[8] From 1919 to 1939 Ervine was also a theatre reviewer for The Observer.

Alongside his plays Ervine wrote a number of novels. Of these the most successful, The Wayward Man (1927), was reprinted in 1936 as one of Allen Lane's first Penguin paperbacks (Penguin 32). He also produced several major biographies, including of the Unionist leaders Craigavon and Carson, of William Booth, of Oscar Wilde and of George Bernard Shaw. Bernard Shaw: His Life, Work, and Friends (1956) was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1956.[9]

Explaining the determination of his character Robert "Darkie" Dunwoody in his novel, The Wayward Man, to leave the city despite the ties that bind him, Ervine wrote "I have never met anyone who was not depressed by Belfast".[10] Sean O'Faolain accounted Ervine "the only Belfast writer who has tried at all to bottle the 'realism' of the city". He suggested, however, that, "lacking poetry", Ervine "only succeeded in making it taste like reboiled mutton gone cold".[11]

As "part of what might be called a programme for the reinstatement of certain neglected Northern Irish novelists", The Wayward Man was republished in 2014. Patricia Craig proposes that it is an exemplar of "a kind of Edwardian realism nurtured in the shade of Arnold Bennett and John Galsworthy, and embodying a distinctive Ulster Protestant strain".[10]

By the 1940s St John Ervine was Northern Ireland's leading writer but also a controversial figure with “a remarkable antipathy to southern Ireland".[2]

Personal life

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In 1911 Ervine married Leonora Mary Davis (d. 1965), a teacher, actress and playwright from Birmingham.[12] They settled in Seaton, Devon in the 1940s.[13]

Ervine died on 24 January 1971 in Fitzhall, Iping, Sussex.[13]

Selected plays

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  • Mixed Marriage (1910)[14]
  • The Magnanimous Lover (1912)[15]
  • The Critics (1913)[16]
  • Jane Clegg (1913)[17]
  • The Orangeman (1914)[18]
  • John Ferguson (1915)[19]
  • The Island of Saints and How to Get Out of It (1920)[20]
  • The Ship (1922)[21]
  • The Lady of Belmont (1924), a sequel to The Merchant of Venice.[22]
  • The First Mrs. Fraser (1929)
  • Boyd's Shop (1936)[23]
  • William John Mawhinny (1940)[24]
  • Friends and Relations (1941)[25]
  • My Brother Tom (1952)[26]
  • Ballyfarland's Festival (1953)[27]
  • Martha (1955)[28]

A contemporary production of Mixed Marriage played at the Finborough Theatre in London from 4 to 29 October 2011, to critical acclaim.[29]

Novels

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  • The Tailor of Charing Cross (1912)
  • Mrs Martin's Man (1914)
  • Alice and a Family (1915)
  • Changing Winds (1917)
  • The Foolish Lovers (1920)
  • The Wayward Man (1927) (2014, Turnpike Books, Dublin. ISBN 978-0957233614)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Steinberger, Rebecca (2007). "Ervine, St. John". In Cody, Gabrielle H; Sprinchorn, Evert (eds.). The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-231-14032-4.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Turnpike Books: Authors". Turnpike Books. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  3. ^ "BBC - Archive - Suffragettes - Time to Remember - The 1913 Derby". www.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  4. ^ "Ervine, St. John Greer | Abbey Archives | Abbey Theatre - Amharclann na Mainistreach". Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  5. ^ "No. 30249". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 August 1917. p. 8782.
  6. ^ "No. 30938". The London Gazette (4th supplement). 7 October 1918. p. 11805.
  7. ^ "No. 31772". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 9 February 1920. p. 1665. Substituted for notice in "No. 31673". The London Gazette (4th supplement). 4 December 1919. p. 15402.
  8. ^ Lothian, Alice (May 1922). "Plays and Novels of St. John Ervine". The North American Review. 215 (798): 645. JSTOR 25121038. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Biography winners | The University of Edinburgh". Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  10. ^ a b Craig, Patricia (6 October 2014). "St John Ervine's 'A Wayward Man': the rediscovery of a Northern Irish writer". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  11. ^ O'Faolain, Sean (1940). An Irish Journey. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. p. 264.
  12. ^ "Hire purchases, milk puddings and difficult friends". IET Archives blog. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  13. ^ a b "Ervine, St John Greer | Dictionary of Irish Biography". www.dib.ie. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  14. ^ "Mixed Marriage". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  15. ^ "The Magnanimous Lover". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  16. ^ "The Critics". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  17. ^ "Jane Clegg". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  18. ^ "The Orangeman". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  19. ^ "John Ferguson". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  20. ^ "The Island of Saints and How to Get Out of It". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  21. ^ "The Ship". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  22. ^ Ervine, St. John, The Lady of Belmont, New York: Macmillan, 1924.
  23. ^ "Boyd's Shop". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  24. ^ "William John Mawhinny". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  25. ^ "Friends and Relations". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  26. ^ "My Brother Tom". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  27. ^ "Ballyfarland's Festival". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  28. ^ "Martha". PLAYOGRAPHYIreland. Irish Theatre Institute. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  29. ^ Billington, Michael (10 October 2011). "Mixed Marriage – review". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
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