Sir Alured Clarke GCB (24 November 1744 – 16 September 1832) was a British Army officer. He took charge of all British troops in Georgia in May 1780 and was then deployed to Philadelphia to supervise the evacuation of British prisoners of war at the closing stages of the American Revolutionary War. He went on to be Governor of Jamaica and then lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada in which role he had responsibility for implementing the Constitutional Act 1791. He was then sent to India where he became Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army, then briefly Governor-General of India and finally Commander-in-Chief of India during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
Sir Alured Clarke | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Acting Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William | |
| In office 1797–1798 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Preceded by | Sir John Shore |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Mornington |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 24 November 1744 |
| Died | 16 September 1832 (aged 87) Llangollen, Wales |
| Awards | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Branch/service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1759–1802 |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Commands | Madras Army Commander-in-Chief of India |
| Battles/wars | American Revolutionary War Fourth Anglo-Mysore War |
Military career
editBorn the son of Charles Clarke (c.1702–1750) and Jane Clarke (née Mullins),[1] Alured Clarke was educated at Eton College and was commissioned as an ensign in the 50th Regiment of Foot on 20 March 1759.[2] Later that year he served in Germany under the Marquess of Granby.[1] Promoted to lieutenant in the 50th Regiment of Foot on 10 May 1760 and to captain in the 52nd Regiment of Foot on 30 December 1763, he transferred to the 5th Regiment of Foot, stationed in Ireland, in January 1767 and was then promoted to major in the 54th Regiment of Foot in 1771.[2]
Promoted to lieutenant-colonel and given the command of the 7th Regiment of Foot, serving in America, on 13 May 1777,[3] Clarke took charge of all British troops in Georgia in May 1780 and, having been promoted to colonel on 16 May 1782, he was then deployed to Philadelphia to supervise the evacuation of British prisoners of war in May 1783.[1]
Clarke became Governor of Jamaica in summer 1784.[2] Promoted to major-general on 1 May 1790,[4] he acquitted himself well enough as Governor of Jamaica that he was recommended to King George III as a suitable person to become lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada in October 1790.[5] In the absence of the governor, who had departed for England in August 1791, he took command of British forces and set about implementing the Constitutional Act 1791 which involved settling geographical boundaries (between Lower Canada and the United States and between Lower Canada and the rest of Canada), offering land to settlers and convening the first legislature of the Province.[5] Clarke served as lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada until Summer 1793, when the Governor returned to Canada and Clarke could return to England.[2]
Clarke was sent to India in 1795 with instructions to interrupt his voyage at the Cape of Good Hope where he and his force defeated a Dutch army at Wynberg on 16 September 1795 and then spent the next two months on arranging administrative matters before proceeding to India.[6] On arrival in India in early 1796 he became Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army. He was promoted to the local rank of lieutenant-general on 3 May 1796 and, having been appointed a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath on 14 January 1797, he was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 4 February 1797.[7] He became acting Governor-General of India in March 1798 (in which capacity he also served as acting Commander-in-Chief of the Bengal Army) and then became Commander-in-Chief, India in May 1798.[2] Although Clarke was not present at the Siege of Seringapatam in April 1799, his army was victorious thereby successfully concluding the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.[1] He returned to England in March 1801 and was promoted to full general on 11 May 1802.[8] Following a re-organisation of the order, he was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 4 January 1815.[9]
In 1803 he appeared, alongside Vice-Admiral Nelson and Sir Evan Nepean, as a character witness in the treason trial of Colonel Edward Despard. Together they testified to Despard's service in the Caribbean.[10][11]
Clarke also served as honorary colonel of 1st Battalion 60th Royal American Regiment,[12] of the 68th Regiment of Foot,[13] of the 5th Regiment of Foot[14] and then of the 7th Regiment of Foot.[15]
In retirement, Clarke lived at Mansfield Street in London.[16] He was promoted to field marshal on the occasion of the coronation of King William IV on 22 July 1830.[17] He died at Llangollen in Wales on 16 September 1832 while visiting his niece.[18]
Family
editClarke married Elizabeth Catherine Hunter in 1770,[1] who eight years earlier had eloped with the married Earl of Pembroke.[1] Kitty had a son by Pembroke, and received a pension from him until 1790, but Clarke and she had no children.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Brown, Robert. "Clarke, Alured". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5485. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c d e Heathcote, p. 89
- ^ "No. 11770". The London Gazette. 13 May 1777. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 13196". The London Gazette. 27 April 1790. p. 258.
- ^ a b "Alured Clarke". Dictionary of Canadian Biography (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. 1979–2016.
- ^ "No. 15434". The London Gazette. 8 December 1801. p. 1465.
- ^ "No. 13976". The London Gazette. 31 January 1797. p. 106.
- ^ "No. 15478". The London Gazette. 8 May 1802. p. 466.
- ^ "No. 16972". The London Gazette. 4 January 1815. p. 18.
- ^ Gurney, William Brodie; Gurney, Joseph (1803). The Trial of Edward Marcus Despard, Esquire: For High Treason, at the Session House, Newington, Surrey, On Monday the Seventh of February, 1803. London: M Gurney. p. 176.
- ^ Jay, Mike (2004). The Unfortunate Colonel Despard. London: Bantam Press. p. 197. ISBN 0593051955.
- ^ "No. 13324". The London Gazette. 9 July 1791. p. 399.
- ^ "No. 13693". The London Gazette. 12 August 1794. p. 828.
- ^ "No. 13718". The London Gazette. 28 October 1794. p. 1076.
- ^ "No. 15400". The London Gazette. 22 August 1801. p. 1035.
- ^ Sir Alured Clarke manuscript material : 1 item, 1819. OCLC 608094147.
- ^ "No. 18709". The London Gazette. 23 July 1830. p. 1534.
- ^ Heathcote, p. 90
Sources
edit- Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
Further reading
edit- "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.