The Protection Force of Êzîdxan (HPÊ)[nb 1] (Kurdish: Hêza Parastina Êzîdxanê ,هێزی پاراستنی ئێزیدخان,[4][5] Arabic: قوة حماية ايزيدخان[6]), is a Yazidi military force founded by Haydar Shesho in the summer of 2014 in respond to the Sinjar massacre.[7] It was bigger than the other main Yazidi militia who took part in the liberation of Sinjar from Islamic State, the Sinjar Resistance Units, which is aligned with the PKK-backed Kurdistan Communities Union.[8]
| Protection Force of Ezidkhan | |
|---|---|
| Hêza Parastina Êzîdxanê (HPÊ) | |
 Flag of the Êzîdxan Protection Force | |
| Leaders | Haydar Shesho |
| Dates of operation | October 2014–present |
| Status | Active |
| Size | 2,200[1]–3,000[2] (2015) 1,000[3] (2017) |
| Part of | Sinjar Alliance (Oct 2015-March 2017)[3] Peshmerga (since 2017)[3][better source needed] |
| Allies |  Sinjar Resistance Units (Until March 2017) Êzidxan Women's Units (Until March 2017) |
| Opponents |  Islamic State |
| Battles and wars | Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017) |
The militia was known as the Protection Force of Sinjar or HPŞ (Kurdish: Hêza Parastina Şingal), also translated as Sinjar Defense Units[8] or Sinjar Protection Force, until November 2015, when it changed its name to Hêza Parastina Êzîdxanê or HPÊ.[9]
Haydar Shesho was arrested on 5 April 2015 by the Kurdistan Democratic Party's Kurdistan Regional Government forces for "creating an illegitimate new militia."[10] He was released a week later after it was negotiated that he would register with the KRG's Ministry of Peshmerga.[11] He has been quoted as saying “We fight only for Yazidis, not for any party."[11]
In October 2015, the HPŞ participated in the foundation of the Sinjar Alliance as an all-Yazidi joint commando umbrella structure with the Sinjar Resistance Units, the Êzîdxan Women's Units,[12] and other, independent Yazidi units recruited to the united Yazidi front.[13]
Under the joint command of the newly founded Sinjar Alliance, the Êzîdxan Protection Force took part in the successful November 2015 Sinjar offensive.[14]
The HPÊ joined the Peshmerga of the Kurdistan Regional Government in 2017.[3][better source needed] This, despite the warnings of Haydar Shesho in the immediate aftermath of the liberation of Sinjar over a "war of flags". Massoud Barzani, leader of the KDP and the most powerful figure in Iraqi Kurdistan, claimed on television that only KRG Peshmerga were involved in the Sinjar offensives. ezidiPress quoted from the office of Haydar Shesho: "the next battle... might be the most difficult: the abolition of the one-party dictatorship."[15]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Also transliterated as Ezidkhan Defense Units, Ezidkhan Protection Force, Protection Force of Ezidkhan, Êzîdxan Protection Force or Êzîdxan Defense Units
References
edit- ^ IS-Terror in Shingal: Wer kämpft gegen wen? Ein Überblick, Ezidi Press. 12 October 2014
- ^ With the Islamic State gone from Sinjar, Kurdish groups battle for control, Al-Monitor. 27 March 2016
- ^ a b c d Baxtiyar Goran (9 March 2017). "Haider Shesho: Ezidkhan Units take orders from President Barzani, Peshmerga Ministry". Kurdistan24.
- ^ "هێزی پاراستنی ئێزیدخان لە باکووری شنگال جێگیرکراون". Rûdaw (in Kurdish). 13 January 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ "Hêza Parastina Êzîdxanê: Em li benda fermana Barzanî ne". Rûdaw (in Kurdish). 10 February 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ "قوة حماية ايزيدخان والحزب الديمقراطي الايزيدي يرفضان تنصيب حازم تحسين بك اميرا جديدا". sotkurdistan.net (in Arabic). 26 July 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: Die Angst der Yeziden im Sindschar-Gebirge, 30 August 2014
- ^ a b Paraszczuk, Joanna (11 June 2015). "Yazidi militias fight IS in Iraq, amid Kurdish rivalries". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ ÊzîdîPress: HPŞ benennt sich in HPÊ um: Hêza Parastina Êzîdxan
- ^ "Kurdish government: Shesho arrested by official order". Ezidi Press. 6 April 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- ^ a b van den Toorn, Christine (10 May 2015). "The hero Yazidis hope will save them". Daily Beast. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ "Yezidi forces form alliance against IS". Êzîdî Press. 31 October 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ^ "Independent Yezidi units join Shingal alliance". Êzîdî Press. 31 October 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ^ "Shingal: KurdInnen starten mit vereinten Kräften Großoffensive gegen IS". Kurdische Nachrichten (in German). 12 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ^ "Barzani: "Only the Peshmerga have liberated Shingal, no other force has been involved"". 13 November 2015.