In mathematics, a topological space is said to be σ-compact if it is the union of countably many compact subspaces.[1]
A space is said to be σ-locally compact if it is both σ-compact and (weakly) locally compact.[2] That terminology can be somewhat confusing as it does not fit the usual pattern of σ-(property) meaning a countable union of spaces satisfying (property); that's why such spaces are more commonly referred to explicitly as σ-compact (weakly) locally compact, which is also equivalent to being exhaustible by compact sets.[3]
Properties and examples
edit- Every compact space is σ-compact, and every σ-compact space is Lindelöf (i.e. every open cover has a countable subcover).[4] The reverse implications do not hold, for example, standard Euclidean space (Rn) is σ-compact but not compact,[5] and the lower limit topology on the real line is Lindelöf but not σ-compact.[6] In fact, the countable complement topology on any uncountable set is Lindelöf but neither σ-compact nor locally compact.[7] However, it is true that any locally compact Lindelöf space is σ-compact.
- (The irrational numbers) is not σ-compact.[8]
- A Hausdorff, Baire space that is also σ-compact, must be locally compact at at least one point.
- If G is a topological group and G is locally compact at one point, then G is locally compact everywhere. Therefore, the previous property tells us that if G is a σ-compact, Hausdorff topological group that is also a Baire space, then G is locally compact. This shows that for Hausdorff topological groups that are also Baire spaces, σ-compactness implies local compactness.
- The previous property implies for instance that Rω is not σ-compact: if it were σ-compact, it would necessarily be locally compact since Rω is a topological group that is also a Baire space.
- Every hemicompact space is σ-compact.[9] The converse, however, is not true;[10] for example, the space of rationals, with the usual topology, is σ-compact but not hemicompact.
- The product of a finite number of σ-compact spaces is σ-compact. However the product of an infinite number of σ-compact spaces may fail to be σ-compact.[11]
- A σ-compact space X is second category (respectively Baire) if and only if the set of points at which is X is locally compact is nonempty (respectively dense) in X.[12]
See also
edit- Exhaustion by compact sets – in analysis, a sequence of compact sets that converges on a given set
- Lindelöf space – Type of topological space
- Locally compact space – Type of topological space in mathematics
Notes
edit- ^ Steen, p. 19; Willard, p. 126.
- ^ Steen, p. 21.
- ^ "A question about local compactness and $\sigma$-compactness". Mathematics Stack Exchange.
- ^ Steen, p. 19.
- ^ Steen, p. 56.
- ^ Steen, p. 75–76.
- ^ Steen, p. 50.
- ^ Hart, K.P.; Nagata, J.; Vaughan, J.E. (2004). Encyclopedia of General Topology. Elsevier. p. 170. ISBN 0 444 50355 2.
- ^ Willard, p. 126.
- ^ Willard, p. 126.
- ^ Willard, p. 126.
- ^ Willard, p. 188.
References
edit- Steen, Lynn A. and Seebach, J. Arthur Jr.; Counterexamples in Topology, Holt, Rinehart and Winston (1970). ISBN 0-03-079485-4.
- Willard, Stephen (2004). General Topology. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-43479-6.