Artemisia maritima is a European species of wormwood known as sea wormwood,[2] and also formerly often by its synonym Seriphidium maritimum.[3] It is native to the Atlantic coasts of northern Europe, from western and northern France, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Baltic States, and northwestern Russia.[1][4] In Great Britain, it is found as far north as Wigton on the west coast and Cruden Bay on the east coast, and in Ireland, on the east and west coasts between Dublin and Killough, and Tralee Bay to Galway; it also occurs on the Isle of Man.[2][5]
| Artemisia maritima | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Artemisia |
| Species: | A. maritima
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| Binomial name | |
| Artemisia maritima L. 1753
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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There are two subspecies:[1]
- Artemisia maritima subsp. maritima – in the western part of the range
- Artemisia maritima subsp. humifusa (Fr. ex C.Hartm.) K.Perss. – in the northeastern part of the range
Description and Similar Species
editSea wormwood is a herbaceous perennial plant or subshrub growing to 50 cm, which flowers from August to September; it has strongly aromatic pale grey-green to whitish-green foliage, and is wind pollinated. The leaves are deeply twice pinnatifid, with narrow, linear segments, and, like the whole plant, are covered on both sides with a dense coat of white cottony hairs. The small, oblong flower heads, each containing three to six tubular florets 1–2 mm diameter, are of a yellowish or brownish tint; they are produced in August and September, and are arranged in racemes, sometimes drooping, sometimes erect.[3][6]
It is the caterpillar foodplant of Eupithecia extensaria.[7]
It somewhat resembles wormwood Artemisia absinthium and hoary mugwort A. stelleriana, but has slenderer leaf segments under 2 mm broad; A. stelleriana also lacks the strong scent.[3]
Reports of the species from southeastern Europe are based on misapplication of the name to the closely related Artemisia santonicum.[8]
Habitat
editIt occurs mostly on saline soils, being found on the drier parts of saltmarshes, brackish ditches, sea cliffs, and coastal shingle.[2] As with many other saltmarsh plants, it has started to colonise inland along roadsides that are salted to melt winter ice and snow.[2]
Usage
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John Hill said in 1771 of this species: "This is a very noble bitter: its peculiar province is to give an appetite, as that of the Common Wormwood is to assist digestion; the flowery tops and the young shoots possess the virtue: the older Leaves and the Stalk should be thrown away as useless .... The apothecaries put three times as much sugar as of the ingredient in their Conserves; but the virtue is lost in the sweetness, those will not keep so well that have less sugar, but 'tis easy to make them fresh as they are wanted."[9] Thornton, in his Family Herbal, tells us that "beat up with thrice its weight of fine sugar, it is made up into a conserve ordered by the London College, and may be taken where the other preparations disgust too much."[10]
The plant is a source of the sesquiterpenoid santonin.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-11-09.
- ^ a b c d P.A. Stroh; T. A. Humphrey; R.J. Burkmar; O.L. Pescott; D.B. Roy; K.J. Walker, eds. (2020). "Sea Wormwood Artemisia maritima L." BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ a b c Streeter D, Hart-Davies C, Hardcastle A, Cole F, Harper L. 2009. Collins Flower Guide. Harper Collins ISBN 9-78-000718389-0
- ^ Tela Botanica, Armoise maritime, Artemisia maritima L. in French
- ^ "Seriphidium maritimum". NBN Atlas. National Biodiversity Network Trust. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
- ^ "Artemisia maritima Sea Wormwood PFAF Plant Database".
- ^ Lowen, James (2021). Much Ado About Mothing. London: Bloomsbury. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-4729-6697-1.
- ^ Soják, (L.); Waldst. & Hegi, Kit.); Poljakov, Kit.). "Artemisia santonicum". Euro+Med-Plantbase. Retrieved 2024-11-09.
- ^ Hill, John (1771). Virtues of British Herbs. With the History, Description, and Figures of the several Kinds. London: Printed for R. Baldwin. pp. 12-13.
- ^ Thornton, Robert John (1814). A Family Herbal: or, Familiar Account of the Medical Properties of British and Foreign Plants. London: B. and R. Crosby. p. 707.
- ^ Hanson, James Ralph (2003). Natural Products: The Secondary Metabolites. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 85. ISBN 9780854044900. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
External links
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