The 1st Regiment California Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It spent its entire term of service in the western United States.
| 1st California Volunteer Infantry | |
|---|---|
 National color of the regiment | |
| Active | September 1861 to October 21, 1866 |
| Country | United States |
| Allegiance | Union |
| Branch | Infantry |
| Engagements | American Civil War
|
History
editMost of the 1st California was recruited from August to October 1861, with the exception of Company K, which was organized the following February. Many of its companies were formed from companies of the California Militia taken intact into federal service others from individuals drawn from the militia. James H. Carleton served as colonel, Joseph R. West as lieutenant colonel and Edwin A. Rigg as major. It came under the command of the Department of the Pacific (later it would come under the Department of New Mexico). After some training at Camp Downy[1] near Oakland and Camp Latham near Los Angeles. Companies D, F and G were sent to establish and garrison Camp Wright, in November 1861. Detachments from the camp captured Daniel Showalter's party near Warner's Ranch, November 20–29, 1861. In December, 1861, five companies of the regiment were sent to Fort Yuma on the Colorado River and the others to various posts around Southern California.[2]
The regiment was assigned to the California Column,[3] which was commanded by Carleton and composed of one infantry regiment (the 5th) and parts of two cavalry regiments (the 1st and 2nd) of California volunteers and a company of Regular artillery. The Column was formed to drive the Confederate Army of New Mexico out of the eastern part of the New Mexico Territory.[4] Due to supply problems, the force did not start for New Mexico until February 1862. The 1st Infantry saw fighting at the Battle of Picacho Pass (only Company I) and the Battle of Apache Pass (this battle was against Apache, not Confederates). The regiment eventually moved to Fort Craig.
For the remainder of the war, the 1st California Infantry was engaged in garrison duty dispersed in posts across New Mexico Territory and Texas and fighting Apache and Navajo Indians in these places and in Utah Territory. The regiment was mustered out on October 21, 1866.
Commanders
edit- Colonel James H. Carleton August 19, 1861 - June 1, 1862
- Colonel Joseph R. West June 1, 1862 - April 1864
- Colonel Edwin A. Rigg April 1864 - December 1864
Flags
editAt the start of the war [special order, No. 2.] was issued by WM. C. Kibbe to help outline the design for California regimental flags.[5]
"The first or national color for Infantry shall be the same as that described for the garrison flag of the United States Army, with this exception: the name and number of the regiment shall be embroidered with silver on the centre strips."[5] The national flag presented to the regiment on 16 September 1861,[6][7] was made with Kibbe's orders in mind. The flag is now stored in the state's capitol.
Company C's flag was made by Laura Meek and presented to the company's captain in Jackson. The flag would be carried for three years. When the California Column entered Tucson, this flag was carried at the front. It was the first Stars and Stripes to be flown over Fort Breckinridge after it was recaptured from Confederate forces.[8] It is now in the state's capitol.
Company D's national flag was made by the women of San Jose and presented to the company on August 8, 1861.[9] It would later be flown over their officer's quarters while at Oak Grove Butterfield Stage Station.[10]
Company E was presented a "Banner" by the members of the Ladies' Association in Sacramento on August 17, 1861.[11]
Company I received a "..magnificent silk American flag" made by the ladies of Marysville on July 4, 1861.[12][13] Then two months later they were presented with a "..beautiful silk flag" by the Treasury Department.[14]
One of the regiment's flank markers is stored in UC Berkeley's Bancroft Library.[15]
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Regiment's National flag -
Company C National flag
Company assignments
edit- Headquarters: At Camp Union from September 1861 to March 1862 when it moved to Camp Wright and then Drum Barracks before joining the California Column's march across southern New Mexico Territory to Texas. There it occupied Franklin, Texas until the regiment was mustered out in December 1864.
- Company A, Formed largely from men of the California Volunteers, California Militia of Oroville.
- Company B, Formed largely from men from the Marion Rifles and other militia companies in San Francisco and others recruited at Camp Latham, near Los Angeles.
- Company C, Formed from the Amador Mountaineers, California Militia, Jackson.
- Company D, Formed from the San Jose Volunteers, California Militia, San Jose.
- Company E, Formed from the Washington Rifles, California Militia, Sacramento City & County.
- Company F, Formed from the Sierra Greys, California Militia, La Porte.
- Company G, Formed from Company "H", California Militia from Nevada City, California.
- Company H, Formed largely from men from San Francisco.
- Company I, Formed largely from men from the Marysville Rifles of Marysville.
- Company K, Formed largely from men from San Francisco.
Notable members
edit- Sergeant George Hand, Company G, wrote a book about the march from California through Arizona called The Civil War in Apacheland
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Historic California Posts: Camp Downey". www.militarymuseum.org.
- ^ Office, California Adjutant General's (12 January 1890). Records of California Men in the War of the Rebellion 1861 to 1867. State office – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Stockton Independent, 26 May 1862
- ^ "Daily Alta California 16 August 1862 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ a b Daily Alta California, 2 September 1861
- ^ Daily Alta California, 16 September 1861
- ^ "Los Angeles Star 21 September 1861 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
- ^ The Army of the Pacific : its operations in California, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Plains Region, Mexico, etc., 1860-1866, by Hunt Aurora, p. 33
- ^ San Jose weekly Mercury, 8 August 1861
- ^ "San Jose daily Mercury 21 December 1861 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
- ^ Sacramento Daily Union, 17 August 1861
- ^ Daily National Democrat, 29 June 1861
- ^ Daily National Democrat, 6 July 1861
- ^ "San Joaquin Republican 20 September 1861 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
- ^ "Ist California Regiment Flag". www.oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
- California Military History Museum, Regiments of the California Volunteers in Federal Service, 1st Regiment of Infantry
- Military History Online, The Advance of the California Column to Arizona and New Mexico.
- Masich, Andrew E., The Civil War in Arizona: the Story of the California Volunteers, 1861-65; University of Oklahoma Press (Norman, 2006).
- California Militia and National Guard Unit Histories Amador Mountaineers (Company C, 1st Regiment of Infantry, California Volunteers) www.militarymuseum.org.
- The Civil War in Apacheland: Sergeant George Hand's Diary : California, Arizona, West Texas, New Mexico, 1861-1864, by George O. Hand