Rudolph II (c. 880/885 – 12 or 13 July 937)[1] was King of Burgundy from 912 until his death in 937 and King of Italy from 922 to 926. He initially succeeded in Upper Burgundy. In 933, Rudolph acquired the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy (Provence) from King Hugh of Italy in exchange for the waiver of his claims to the Italian crown, thereby establishing the united Kingdom of Burgundy.
| Rudolph II | |
|---|---|
| King of Burgundy | |
| Reign | 912–937 |
| Predecessor | Rudolph I |
| Successor | Conrad I |
| King of Italy | |
| Reign | 922–926 |
| Predecessor | Berengar I |
| Successor | Hugh |
| Born | c. 880/885 |
| Died | 12 or 13 July 937 |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | Bertha of Swabia |
| Issue | Conrad I of Burgundy Adelaide, Holy Roman Empress |
| House | Elder House of Welf |
| Father | Rudolph I of Burgundy |
| Mother | Guilla of Provence |
Life
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A member of the Elder House of Welf, Rudolph was the son of the Upper Burgundian king Rudolph I and Guilla of Provence.[2] Following his ascent to the throne in 912, Rudolph II entered into a border conflict with the neighbouring dukes of Swabia and campaigned the Thurgau and Zürich estates. Duke Burchard II of Swabia finally defeated him in the 919 Battle of Winterthur; both rulers made peace and Rudolph married Burchard's daughter Bertha in 922.[3]
At the same time, Rudolph was asked by several Italian nobles led by Margrave Adalbert I of Ivrea to intervene in Italy on their behalf against Emperor Berengar.[4] Having entered Italy, he was crowned king at Pavia in the Basilica of San Michele Maggiore.[5] In 923, he defeated Berengar at the Battle of Firenzuola;[6] Berengar was murdered the following year,[7] possibly at the instigation of Rudolph. The king then ruled Upper Burgundy and Italy together, residing alternately in both kingdoms.
However, in 926 the Italian nobility turned against him and requested that Hugh of Arles, the effective ruler of Provence (or Lower Burgundy), rule them instead.[7] Rudolph's father-in-law Duke Burchard II of Swabia came for his support; however, he was attacked and killed near Novara by the henchmen of Lambert, Archbishop of Milan. The king returned to Upper Burgundy to protect himself, assuring Hugh's coronation as King of Italy in the process. In 926 or 935, Rudolph rendered the royal symbol of the Holy Lance to the East Frankish king Henry the Fowler in exchange for the Swabian Basel estates.[1]
The two Burgundian kingdoms unified from 933; Rudolph ruled until his death in 937 and was succeeded by his son Conrad.[4] After his death in 937, his daughter Adelaide was married to Hugh's son Lothair,[4] while Hugh married Rudolph's widow Bertha.[a] Adelaide later became the second wife of Otto the Great, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962, and the mother of Emperor Otto II.[9]
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Jurot, Romain: Rudolph II in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 14 October 2009.
- ^ Jackman 2008, p. 24.
- ^ Reuter & McKitterick 1999, p. 699.
- ^ a b c Bouchard 1999, pp. 340–341.
- ^ Elliott, Gillian. "Representing Royal Authority at San Michele Maggiore in Pavia". Zeitschrift fur Kunstgeschichte 77 (2014). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- ^ Eads 2010, p. 52.
- ^ a b Wickham 2009, p. 437.
- ^ Bouchard 1999, p. 341.
- ^ Bouchard 1999, p. 342.
Sources
edit- Bouchard, Constance Brittain (1999). "Burgundy and Provence, 879–1032". The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, c. 900 – c. 1024. Cambridge University Press.
- Eads, V. (2010). Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology: Volume I. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195334036.
- Jackman, Donald C. (2008). Ius hereditarium Encountered II: Approaches to Reginlint. Editions Enlaplage.
- Reuter, Timothy; McKitterick, Rosamond, eds. (1999). "Appendix". The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, c. 900 – c. 1024. Cambridge University Press.
- Wickham, Chris (2009). The Inheritance of Rome. Viking Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-02098-0.