Rubicundus is a genus of hagfishes, the only extant member of the subfamily Rubicundinae. All species in it were formerly classified in Eptatretus. R. eos, R. lakeside, and R. rubicundus are known from single specimens caught in the Tasman Sea, Galápagos, and Taiwan, respectively. They are named after the distinctive red coloration that all species share.[2]
| Rubicundus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Myxini |
| Order: | Myxiniformes |
| Family: | Myxinidae |
| Subfamily: | Rubicundinae Fernholm et al., 2013 |
| Genus: | Rubicundus Fernholm et al, 2013 [1] |
| Type species | |
| Rubicundus rubicundus (Kuo, Lee & Mok 2010)
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| Species | |
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See text | |
They represent the sister lineage to all other extant lineages of hagfishes, and may represent the sister group to the Cretaceous fossil hagfish Tethymyxine, from which they potentially diverged during the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous. Both Rubicundus and Tethymyxine share an elongate snout, indented barbels, and numerous slime glands.[3] Phylogenetic studies indicate that the Rubicundinae lineage may have diverged from other extant hagfishes during the Permian, making them an extremely old lineage.[4]
Species
editFour recognized species are placed in this genus:[5][6]
- Rubicundus eos (Fernholm, 1991) (pink hagfish)
- Rubicundus lakeside (Mincarone & J. E. McCosker, 2004) (Lakeside hagfish)
- Rubicundus lopheliae (Fernholm & Quattrini, 2008) (lophelia hagfish)
- Rubicundus rubicundus (C. H. Kuo, S. C. Lee & H. K. Mok, 2010)
References
edit- ^ Fernholm, B., Norén, M., Kullander, S.O., Quattrini, A.M., Zintzen, V., Roberts, C.D., Mok, H.-K. & Kuo, C.-H. (2013): Hagfish phylogeny and taxonomy, with description of the new genus Rubicundus (Craniata, Myxinidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 51 (4): 296–307.
- ^ "Rubicundus rubicundus". www.fishbase.se. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
- ^ Miyashita, Tetsuto; Coates, Michael I.; Farrar, Robert; Larson, Peter; Manning, Phillip L.; Wogelius, Roy A.; Edwards, Nicholas P.; Anné, Jennifer; Bergmann, Uwe; Palmer, A. Richard; Currie, Philip J. (2019-02-05). "Hagfish from the Cretaceous Tethys Sea and a reconciliation of the morphological–molecular conflict in early vertebrate phylogeny". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (6): 2146–2151. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.2146M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1814794116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6369785. PMID 30670644.
- ^ Brownstein, Chase Doran; Near, Thomas (2024-06-13). "Colonization of the ocean floor by jawless vertebrates across three mass extinctions". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 24 (1): 79. doi:10.1186/s12862-024-02253-y. ISSN 2730-7182. PMC 11170801. PMID 38867201.
- ^ Van Der Laan, Richard; Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ronald (11 November 2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (1): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
- ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017). "Petromyzontidae". FishBase version (02/2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017.
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