Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Lord of Connacht (English: /dəˈbɜːr/ də-BUR; c. 1194 – 1242[1] or 1243[2][3]), was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat who was Seneschal of Munster and Justiciar of Ireland (1228–32).
Richard Mór de Burgh 1st Lord of Connaught | |
|---|---|
 The inverted shield of Richard de Burgh from 'Historia Anglorum' (c.1250–59): British Library, Royal MS.14 CVII Historia Anglorum. | |
| Justiciar of Ireland | |
| In office 13 February 1228 – 16 June 1232 | |
| Preceded by | Geoffrey de Marisco |
| Succeeded by | Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1194 |
| Died | c. 1242 |
| Spouse | Egidia de Lacy, Lady of Connacht |
| Children | Sir Richard de Burgh Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster William Óg de Burgh Alice de Burgh Margery de Burgh Matilda de Burgh Daughter de Burgh |
| Parents |
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Background
editRichard Mór de Burgh was born towards the end of the year in 1193 (and came of age in 1214). He was the eldest son and heir of William de Burgh and his wife (daughter of Domnall Mór Ua Briain, King of Thomond). Richard's principal estate was in the barony of Loughrea where he built a castle in 1236 and a town was founded. He also founded Galway town and Ballinasloe. The islands on Lough Mask and Lough Orben were also part of his demesne.
From the death of his father (1206) until he reached his majority and received his inheritance (1214), Richard was a ward of the crown of England. In 1215 he briefly served in the household of his uncle, Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent. In 1223 (and again in 1225) he was appointed Seneschal of Munster and keeper of Limerick Castle.[4]
Connacht
editIn 1224, Richard claimed Connacht (which had been granted to his father but never, in fact, conquered by him): he asserted that the grant to the Gaelic king Cathal Crobdearg Ua Conchobair (after William de Burgh's death in 1206), had been on condition of faithful service and that the king's son, Aedh mac Cathal Crobdearg Ua Conchobair (who succeeded that year) had forfeited it.[citation needed] Richard had the favour of his uncle, Hubert, justiciar of England, and was later awarded Connacht (May 1227). Having been given custody of the counties of Cork and Waterford and all the crown lands of Decies and Desmond, he was appointed Justiciar of Ireland (1228–32). In 1230 he was able to send the King 2000 marks, the proceeds of a tax of one-sixteenth on ecclesiastical benefices. He was removed from office in 1232, but his disgrace was short-lived.
When, in 1232, his uncle Hubert fell from grace, Richard was able to distance himself and avoid being campaigned against by Henry III. It was only in 1235, when he summoned the whole feudal host of the English lords and magnates to aid him, that he finally expelled the Gaelic king, Felim mac Cathal Crobderg Ua Conchobair, from Connacht. Richard and his lieutenants received great shares of land, while Felim was obliged to pay homage and was allowed to hold only five cantreds (in Roscommon), while Richard held the remaining 25 cantreds of Connacht in chief of the crown of England. De Burgh took the title of "Lord of Connacht".[1]
Wife and children
editBefore 21 April 1225, he married Egidia de Lacy (daughter of Walter de Lacy and his wife Margaret de Braose), with which alliance he acquired the cantred of Eóghanacht Caisil with the castle of Ardmayle in Tipperary. Richard and Egidia had three sons and four daughters:
- Sir Richard de Burgh (d.1248), Lord of Connaught, Constable of Montgomery Castle married a relative of Eleanor of Provence,[5] and died (without issue) in Poitou.
- Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (d.1271), Lord of Connaught.
- William Óg de Burgh (d.1270), Anglo-Irish Lord and warrior who was the ancestor of the Lords of Clanricarde.
- Alice de Burgh.
- Margery de Burgh (died after March 1253) married Theobald Butler, 3rd Chief Butler of Ireland.
- Matilda de Burgh married Sir Gerald de Prendergast of Beauvoir; they had a daughter, Maud.[6]
- Daughter de Burgh who married Hamon de Valoynes; they had a daughter, Mabel de Valoynes.
Richard de Burgh fell ill on a voyage to France and died shortly before 17 February 1243.
Ancestry
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See also
edit- House of Burgh, an Anglo-Norman and Hiberno-Norman dynasty founded in 1193
- Lord of Connaught
- Earl of Ulster
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Curtis, Edmund (2004) [1950]. A History of Ireland (6th ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 70–72. ISBN 0-415-27949-6.
- ^ Lodge 1754, p. 24.
- ^ Owen 1790, p. 8.
- ^ Smith, B. (2004). "Burgh, Richard de (died 1243), justiciar of Ireland". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3994. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 21 December 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, iv, pp 628, 655.
- ^ Burke, Bernard. "Prendergast Lineage", A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry, Harrison, 1895, p. 773.
Bibliography
edit- Weiss, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700, pp. (Lines) 73-30, 177B-8, 177B-9
- Harbison, Sheelagh (1995), "Rindown Castle: a royal fortress in Co. Roscommon", Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, 47
- Hayden, Alan (1988), "Excavation on the line of the medieval town defences of Loughrea, Co. Galway", Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, 41 JSTOR 25535575
- Holland, Patrick (1988), "The Anglo-Normans in Co. Galway: the process of colonization", Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, 41 JSTOR 25535573
- Holland, Patrick (1993), "Anglo-Norman Galway; rectangular earthworks and moated sites", Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, 46
- Holland, Patrick (1997), "The Anglo-Norman landscape in County Galway; land-holdings, castles and settlements", Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, 49
- Lodge, John (1754). The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom; with Their Paternal Coats of Arms. Vol. 4. William Johnston.
- MacLysaght, Edward (1978), The Surnames of Ireland, Dublin
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X.; Byrne, F. J., eds. (1989). A New History of Ireland: IX: Maps, Genealogies, Lists, A Companion to Irish History, Part II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959306-4.
- Earls of Ulster and Lords of Connacht, 1205–1460 (de Burgh, de Lacy and Mortimer), p. 170;
- Mac William Burkes: Mac William Iochtar (de Burgh), Lords of Lower Connacht and Viscounts of Mayo, 1332–1649, p. 171;
- Burke of Clanricard: Mac William Uachtar (de Burgh), Lords of Upper Connacht and Earls of Clanricard, 1332–1722, p. 172.
- O'Donovan, John (1843), The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country, Dublin: Irish Archaeological Society
- Owen, W. (1790). The Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland: The peerage of Ireland. Vol. III. London: Fleet Street, Holborn, Piccadilly.
External links
edit
- Annals of Ulster at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
- Annals of Tigernach at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
- Revised edition of McCarthy's synchronisms at Trinity College Dublin.
