The marlin sucker or spear-fish remora (Remora osteochir) is a species of remora found all over the world in tropical and temperate seas. It can reach up to 40 cm (16 in) in standard length. It normally lives attached to a larger fish; its host preference is for marlins (as the name implies) and sailfishes, but it will attach to other large fish.
| Marlin sucker | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Carangiformes |
| Family: | Echeneidae |
| Genus: | Remora |
| Species: | R. osteochir
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| Binomial name | |
| Remora osteochir | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
Description
editCompared to other species of remora, Remora osteochir is sturdy with a small mouth, stiff, rounded pectoral fins and wide-base pelvic fins.[4] It can grow to a maximum length of about 40 cm (16 in). As is the case with other remoras, the front dorsal fin has been replaced by a suction disc, the length of which is 37 to 49% of the standard length of the fish. The disc has 15 to 19 laminae. Both the dorsal and anal fins are relatively short; the dorsal fin has 20 to 26 soft rays, the anal fin has 20 to 25 and the pectoral fins have 20 to 24 soft rays. The dorsal colouring is dark grey to black and the ventral surface is rather paler. Apart from the tips of the outer rays of the caudal fin, which are grey, the fins are black in adults, but transparent or pale grey in juveniles.[5]
Distribution
editR. osteochir is found in warm temperate and subtropical seas around the world, between about 42°N and 45°S. Its depth range is down to about 200 m (660 ft), but in reality, it goes where its host takes it.[6]
Ecology
editThis species is normally found attached by its disc to the surface of a marlin or sailfish, but sometimes it attaches to another large fish. It attaches to the body or gill chamber, and a pair of the remoras is often present on one host fish.[6] There is often a male fish under one operculum and a female under the other.[7] The laminae, out of which the disc is formed, are covered with bristles which lie flat, and these provide the suction grip. The remora can detach from its host by moving forwards and reattach by moving backwards. Remoras do not harm their host but may feed on any ectoparasites, flakes of skin and stray food particles that come their way as well as consuming the fish faeces.[8] Parasitic copepods form an important part of this remora's diet.[9]
References
edit- ^ Collette, B.; Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Pina Amargos, F. & Curtis, M. (2017) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Remora osteochir". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T190080A16644017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T190080A16644017.en.
- ^ Bailly, Nicolas (2015). "Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Remora brachyptera". FishBase. August 2019 version.
- ^ McEachran, John D.; Fechhelm, Janice D. (2010). Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico, Volume 2: Scorpaeniformes to Tetraodontiformes. University of Texas Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-292-77838-2.
- ^ Hureau, J.-C. "Marlinsucker (Remora osteochir)". Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Remora osteochir". FishBase. April 2013 version.
- ^ Cole, Kathleen Sabina (2010). Reproduction and Sexuality in Marine Fishes: Patterns and Processes. University of California Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-520-26433-5.
- ^ Perrin, William F.; Wursig, Bernd; Thewissen, J.G.M. 'Hans' (2009). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. pp. 942–943. ISBN 978-0-08-091993-5.
- ^ Randall, John E. (1995). Coastal Fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-8248-1808-1.
External links
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