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The Red Skelton Show

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Not to be confused with The Red Skelton Program.

The Red Skelton Show is an American television comedy/variety show that aired from 1951 to 1971. In the decade prior to hosting the show, Richard "Red" Skelton had a successful career as a radio and motion pictures star.[1] Although his television series is largely associated with CBS, where it appeared for more than sixteen years, it actually began and ended on NBC. During its run, the program received three Emmy Awards, for Skelton as best comedian and the program as best comedy show during its initial season, and an award for comedy writing in 1961. In 1959 Skelton also received a Golden Globe for Best TV Show.

The Red Skelton Show
Red Skelton and Mickey Rooney at dress rehearsal for The Red Skelton Show at studio 33, January 15, 1957.
Also known asThe Red Skelton Hour
GenreVariety
Directed bySeymour Berns
Jack Donohue
John Gaunt
Ed Hiller
Bill Hobin
Terry Kyne
Howard A. Quinn
Martin Rackin
Presented byRed Skelton
Voices ofArt Gilmore
Theme music composerDavid Rose
Opening theme"Holiday for Strings".[1]
(Date of Registration with U.S. Copyright 26-3-1942)[2]
ComposersDavid Rose
Jack Lloyd
Alan Copeland
Nelson Barclift
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons20
No. of episodes672
Production
Executive producerGuy Della-Cioppa
ProducersCecil Barker
Seymour Berns
Ben Brady
Dee Caruso
Perry Cross
Gerald Gardner
Red Skelton
Douglas Whitney
Running time22–24 minutes
(1951–1962; 1970–1971)
45–48 minutes
(1954; 1962–1970)
Production companiesVan Bernard Productions
Sursum Productions
Original release
NetworkNBC
(1951–1953; 1970–1971)
CBS
(1953–1970)
ReleaseSeptember 30, 1951 (1951-09-30) –
August 1, 1971 (1971-08-01)

Origins: 1950s

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Red Skelton's network television program began at the start of the 1951 fall season on NBC (for sponsor Procter & Gamble).[3][4] The MGM agreement with Skelton for television performances did not allow him to go on the air before September 30, 1951.[5][6][7][8] After two seasons on Sunday nights, the program was picked up by CBS in the fall of 1953 and moved to Tuesday night, the time slot with which it would become primarily associated during most of its run.[9] After his first CBS season the program was moved to Wednesday night and expanded to an hour for the summer of 1954 only; it was then reduced back to a half-hour for a time, later expanded again, returning to Tuesday night, where it would remain for the next sixteen years (co-sponsored by Johnson's Wax and Pet Milk between 1955 and 1962).[1][10]

The program was produced at Desilu Productions and CBS Television City in Hollywood, and over five years, from 1955 through 1960, was telecast in color approximately 100 times.[11] In 1960, Skelton purchased the Chaplin studios, with plans to continue using the facility for his television show and for making films.[12][13] It was the most colorcast of the few programs CBS aired in color during this period.[14] By 1960, CBS no longer manufactured television sets (unlike its rival NBC's parent company, RCA) and pulled the plug on colorcasts. With the exception of a few specials and some yearly broadcasts of The Wizard of Oz, CBS would not colorcast again on a regular basis until the 1965–66 fall season, when the network could no longer avoid public demand amidst rising sales in color television sets.

Skelton was infatuated with his appearance on color television, and he cajoled CBS to colorcast the program (In 1961, Skelton also invested in three rental remote vans which had full live, film, and color videotape capability). Although visionary, the venture in color was premature and, when it failed, CBS bought Skelton's facilities (formerly Charlie Chaplin Studios) as part of renewing Skelton's contract.[15]

From 1956 to 1962, Sherwood Schwartz (later widely known for creating the popular sitcoms Gilligan's Island and The Brady Bunch, among others) was head writer of Skelton's show, for which Schwartz won an Emmy Award in 1961.[16]

Format during the 1960s

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In September 1962, the program was again expanded to a full hour (becoming The Red Skelton Hour) and remained in this longer format for the balance of its CBS run. The format of the program itself during this period was quite simple.

Pre-opening

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This pre-opening format was changed slightly each year during the rest of the show's CBS run, but followed this basic format.

Instead of a traditional opening title card, announcer Art Gilmore would intone, “From Television City in Hollywood,” and Skelton would perform a brief comedic blackout sketch, ending with the show's resident vocal group (the Skeltones) singing the words "The Red Skelton Hour" (beginning in the 1964–65 season, Skelton would simply stand alone, smiling and waving at the camera, spotlighted on a darkened stage as the shot zoomed in (dressed in some seasons as one of his various characters), as Gilmore would announce the title, and (in later seasons) the singers sang the title), leading into a brief musical "song and dance" number (about 90 seconds long) performed in lyrical song by several smiling male and female dancers as they danced and moved cheerfully across the large stage. This introductory number would have a certain visual theme, such as gardening, college football, the signs of the zodiac, etc., and the set, the dancers’ costumes, and the lyrics of the dancers’ song would reflect the theme. After the dancers sang the first two stanzas, they continued the song, singing “our guest star…” followed by the guest's name, matched with a camera shot of the guest (most evenings there was at least one major celebrity guest as well as a musical guest); “David Rose and his orchestra,” with a shot of Rose; the singers (originally the Modernaires; the Skel-tones by 1963; by the fall of 1964 as the Alan Copeland Singers (Copeland, the credited vocal arranger of the show, was originally a member of the Modernaires); and by the 1969–70 season as The Jimmy Joyce Singers and the dancers (introduced after 1964 as the Tom Hansen Dancers, after the show's credited choreographer); and finally introducing Skelton as the star of the show; the assembled dancers looking "stage left" anticipating Skelton's entrance on stage to begin his opening monologue.

For the final CBS season (1969–70), a cold open blackout sketch was added, featuring the antics of two alien moon men, green in color, performing comedic antics on the moon, as the song "Mah Nà Mah Nà" was playing. This led immediately into the dancers' routine.

Opening monologue

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After the opening song-and-dance routine, Skelton opened with a monologue. The monologue often lapsed into character humor, including "Gertrude and Heathcliff, the Two Seagulls", which he performed by crossing his eyes and sticking his thumbs into his armpits for "wings". (Johnny Carson, who was a writer on this program for a period, reminisced about writing for this spot.) Skelton performed the "Doughnut Dunkers," one of his earliest signature routines, in a 1964 episode during this monologue.

Guest stars

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This was followed by a guest-star performance, often a singer. Musical accompaniment was generally provided by the show's orchestra and led by its well-known bandleader, David Rose. He was also the composer of the show's familiar signature tune, "Holiday for Strings"[1](U.S. Copyright Registration Date 26-3-1942). The guest then appeared with Skelton in a comedy sketch. In other episodes, the Tom Hansen Dancers would perform another song-and-dance number, sometimes joined by the guest star.

Among the notable guest stars on the program were western film stars Amanda Blake and Roscoe Ates, who played a sheriff in the 1961 episode "Candid Clem". John Wayne, Jack Benny, Phyllis Diller, George Raft, Martha Raye, Robert Vaughn, Audrey Meadows, Carol Lawrence, Shirley Bassey, Godfrey Cambridge and Carol Channing also made appearances. Popular television actress Phyllis Avery appeared twice in "Clem's Watermelons" (1961) and "Nothing But the Tooth" (1962). Billy Gray, who played Bud Anderson Jr. on "Father Knows Best", guest starred after the former show ended its six-year run.

Musical guests

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The Beach Boys made their network television debut as musical guests on a 1963 episode. The Rolling Stones videotaped three songs in London for a 1964 Skelton show. Another British Invasion band, The Kinks, appeared in early 1965 (shortly before the American Federation of Musicians banned them from touring in the US for the next four years). The Supremes and the Motown Sound visited the Skelton hour in 1965. Other musical guests included Bobby Rydell, the Lettermen, Vikki Carr, Horst Jankowski, Gloria Loring, the New Christy Minstrels, the Doodletown Pipers, Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass, the Association, Lulu, Johnny Mathis, Tom Jones, Matt Monro, Lou Rawls and Dionne Warwick.

Comedy sketches

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Skelton as Deadeye with actress Terry Moore, 1959.

The sketches were usually built around one of Red's many characters, including "Deadeye", an incredibly inept sheriff in the Old West; "San Fernando Red", a shady real estate agent (named for the San Fernando Valley, which was still a largely rural area when the show began); "Cauliflower McPugg", a punchdrunk boxer; "George Appleby", a hen-pecked husband; "Junior, the Mean Widdle Kid" (whose trademark line was, "If l dood it, l get a whippin'.........l DOOD IT!"), "Clem Kadiddlehopper", a hick who was identified in at least one sketch as being from Cornpone County, Tennessee; and "Freddie the Freeloader". Freddie, regarded by many as Skelton's signature character, was a bum with a heart of gold, who was played by Skelton (and in one episode in 1961, by Ed Sullivan) in clown makeup reminiscent of Emmett Kelly but somehow not as sad. Freddie could be either a speaking character or totally pantomimed. While many of Skelton's other characters originated on his radio shows, Freddie was created for television in 1952.[17] Skelton's father, Joseph, who died two months before his youngest son, Richard, was born, was once a clown for the Hagenbeck-Wallace Circus.[18] Skelton, who had spent some time working for the same circus as a youth, copied his father's clown makeup for Freddie.[17] During the sketches, Skelton and the celebrity guest star would sometimes break character and make good-natured wisecracks at one another.

In its later years, the show generally finished with "The Silent Spot", with Skelton pantomiming Freddie or another silent character. (It was hard for some younger viewers to accept that such an overwhelmingly visual, physical performer had once been a staple of radio.[citation needed]) After "The Silent Spot", the show closed with Red looking into the camera and saying sincerely, "Good night and may God bless."[18]

The Tom Hansen Dancers would return in their costumes from the pre-opening song-and-dance number and invite the audience to join the show the following week, singing to the tune of "Holiday for Strings" as the closing credits appeared.

While the vast majority of Skelton's skits were comedy, there were a few serious segments. One memorable segment came in 1969, when Skelton performed a self-written monologue about the Pledge of Allegiance, providing commentary on the meaning of each phrase of the Pledge. CBS received 200,000 requests for copies; the company subsequently released the monologue as a single recording by Columbia Records.[19]

Skelton television characters

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  •  
    Junior
  •  
    Clem Kadiddlehopper
  •  
    San Fernando Red
  •  
    George Appleby
  •  
    Freddie the Freeloader
  •  
    Cauliflower McPugg

Final years: 1970–1971

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CBS ended its association with the program in early 1970. This apparently marked the beginning of one of several attempts by CBS to downplay programming (even shows gaining relatively strong Nielsen ratings) whose primary appeal was to "Middle America", an audience more rural and also somewhat older than that generally desired by network television advertisers. Marketers were moving towards a younger, "hipper" and more urban audience (see the Rural Purge).[18] Skelton was reportedly heartbroken at the cancellation.

The move to NBC: 1970

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At least in part due to Skelton's iconic status, the program was picked up by NBC in late 1970.[20] However, the program that aired was quite different from the one that Skelton's CBS audience was used to seeing. The new set was dark, devoid of the bright and colorful backdrops that viewers had seen on CBS. The show was cut back to its original half-hour length and it was moved from Tuesday to Monday nights.

But perhaps the biggest change was that the show began to incorporate "regulars" for the first time along with Skelton, Rose, and Rose's orchestra. A repertory company of young, comic actors and actresses was added as well as veteran performers such as Eve McVeagh and The Burgundy Street Singers (previously seen after an abortive comeback on network television by 1950s folk singing star Jimmie Rodgers on ABC two years earlier.)

The new format never really worked; the audience sensed that there was little chemistry between Skelton and his repertory company. The program ended in March 1971, although selected programs from this final season were rerun on NBC on Sunday nights during mid-1971 by Procter & Gamble, so it could be said that Skelton's network television career had ended exactly where it had begun.[18][20]

Skelton's later TV career

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Skelton continued to make appearances for many years afterwards, increasingly as a nostalgic figure, but was never again a regular feature of network television programming.[21] He was awarded the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Governors Award, a lifetime achievement award, in 1986.[22][23] Skelton was inducted into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences' Television Hall of Fame in 1989.[18][24]

Broadcast history and Nielsen ratings

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Season Time slot (ET) Rank Rating
1951–1952 Sunday at 10:00–10:30 pm on NBC 4 50.2
1952–1953 Sunday at 7:00–7:30 pm on NBC 28 33.7 (Tied with The Lone Ranger)
1953–1954 Tuesday at 8:30–9:00 pm on CBS (September 1953 – June 1954)
Wednesday at 8:00–9:00 pm on CBS (July–September 1954)		 Not in the Top 30
1954–1955 Tuesday at 8:00–9:00 pm on CBS (September–December 1954)
Tuesday at 9:30–10:30 pm on CBS (January 1955 – June 1961)
1955–1956 14 32.3
1956–1957 15 31.4 (Tied with The Lineup)
1957–1958 28.9
1958–1959 12 28.5
1959–1960 5 30.8
1960–1961 19 24.0
1961–1962 Tuesday at 9:00–9:30 pm on CBS 6 27.1
1962–1963 Tuesday at 8:30–9:30 pm on CBS 2 31.1 (Tied with Candid Camera)
1963–1964 Tuesday at 8:00–9:00 pm on CBS 11 25.7
1964–1965 Tuesday at 8:30–9:30 pm on CBS 6 27.4
1965–1966 4 27.6
1966–1967 2 28.2
1967–1968 7 25.3
1968–1969 11 23.3 (Tied with Mission: Impossible and Bewitched)
1969–1970 7 23.8
1970–1971 Monday at 7:30–8:00 pm on NBC (September 1970 – March 1971)
Sunday at 8:30–9:00 pm on NBC (June–August 1971)		 Not in the Top 30

Awards and nominations

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Primetime Emmy Awards
Year Season Category Recipient(s) Status
1952 One Outstanding Comedy Series N/A Won
Best Comedian or Comedienne Red Skelton Won
1959 Eight Outstanding Comedy Series N/A Nominated
1960 Nine Outstanding Comedy Series N/A Nominated
Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series Seymour Berns Nominated
1961 Ten Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series Sherwood Schwartz, David O'Brien, Martin Ragaway,
Arthur Phillips, Al Schwartz, Red Skelton 		Won
1962 Eleven Outstanding Comedy Series N/A Nominated
Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series Seymour Berns Nominated
Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series Ed Simmons, David O'Brien, Martin Ragaway, Arthur Phillips,
Al Schwartz, Sherwood Schwartz, Red Skelton 		Nominated
1963 Twelve Outstanding Variety Series N/A Nominated
Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series Seymour Berns Nominated
Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series Ed Simmons, Dave O'Brien, Martin Ragaway, Arthur Phillips,
Larry Rhine, Mort Greene, Hugh Wedlock Jr.,
Red Skelton, Bruce Howard, Rick Mittleman 		Nominated
1965 Fourteen Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment – Performers Red Skelton Nominated
1966 Fifteen Outstanding Variety Series Seymour Berns Nominated
1967 Sixteen Outstanding Video Tape Editing Lewis W. Smith Nominated
1970 Nineteen Outstanding Choreography Tom Hansen Nominated

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Hyatt, Wesley, ed. (2004). A Critical History of Television's The Red Skelton Show, 1951–1971. McFarland & Co. p. 190. ISBN 0-7864-1732-3. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  2. ^ U.S. Copyright Registration Date 26-3-1942
  3. ^ "Red Skelton Signed to Multi-Million Contract". Ellensburg Daily Record. 4 May 1951. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  4. ^ "Red Skelton Signs Radio, TV Contract". Reading Eagle. 4 May 1951. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  5. ^ Skelton To Air Live as TVA Waives 60-Day Kine Limit. Billboard. 16 June 1951. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  6. ^ Rubber Face on TV. Life. 22 October 1951. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
  7. ^ Skelton, P& G Stew Boiling. Billboard. 22 November 1952. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  8. ^ Craig Resigns as B&B Veepee For Radio-TV/Skelton Plans Variety Format. Billboard. 30 May 1953. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  9. ^ Skelton To get 8:30 Tues. Slot. Billboard. 13 September 1953. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  10. ^ CBS-TV May Boost Skelton Show To Hour in All-Out Tuesday Fight. Billboard. 15 May 1954. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  11. ^ Trade ad for Desilu Productions. Billboard. 6 October 1956. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  12. ^ "Chaplin Studios Sold To Skelton". The Victoria Advocate. 20 April 1960. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
  13. ^ Adir, Karin, ed. (2001). The Great Clowns of American Television. McFarland & Company. p. 270. ISBN 0-7864-1303-4. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
  14. ^ Color Programs Every Day On Two Television Networks. Billboard. 22 September 1956. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  15. ^ Humphrey, Hal (14 July 1962). "Red Will Outlast Amateur Analysts". Toledo Blade. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
  16. ^ "Sherwood Schwartz," Academy of American Television interview, part 2 of 4, accessed 2 September 2011.
  17. ^ a b "Red Skelton just wants to be a clown". Lawrence Journal-World. 9 November 1966. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  18. ^ a b c d e Severio, Richard (18 September 1997). "Red Skelton, Knockabout Comic and Clown Prince of the Airwaves, Is Dead at 84". New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
  19. ^ Hyatt, Wesley, ed. (2004), "A Critical History of Television's The Red Skelton Show, 1951–1971." McFarland & Co. p. 190. ISBN 0-7864-1732-3. [1] Retrieved November 21, 2013.
  20. ^ a b DuBrow, Rick (20 February 1970). "TV in Review". The News-Dispatch. Jeannette, Pennsylvania. Retrieved 19 May 2011 – via Google newspapers.
  21. ^ "Red Skelton Is No Recluse". The Mount Airy News. 17 April 1984. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  22. ^ "Skelton will receive highest academy honor". The Deseret News. 25 July 1986. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  23. ^ "Skelton Honored at Emmys, Recalls Pain of Cancellation". Lexington, North Carolina: The Dispatch. 22 September 1986. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  24. ^ "Television Hall of Fame Archives". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
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