The South Sea Evangelical Church (SSEC) is an evangelical, Pentecostal church in Solomon Islands. In total, 17% of the population of Solomon Islands adheres to the church, making it the third most common religious affiliation in the country behind the Anglican Church of Melanesia and the Roman Catholic Church.[1] The SSEC is particularly popular on Malaita, the most populous island, where 47% of its members live; there are also smaller populations in Honiara and elsewhere on Guadalcanal, on Makira, and in other provinces.[2]
History
editThe organisation was founded in 1886 as the "Queensland Kanaka Mission" (QKM) in Queensland, Australia, as an evangelical and non-denominational church targeting Kanakas (blackbirded labourers at the sugarcane plantations, mostly from Solomon Islands and Vanuatu). Florence Young, the sister of Arthur, Horace and Ernest Young, the owners of the Fairymead plantation on which the mission was located, was largely responsible for the establishment of the mission, and served as secretary of the organisation.[3] At its height in 1904–05, it employed 19 missionaries, 118 unpaid "native teachers," and celebrated 2150 conversions.[4] Young used pidgin English and illustrations to explain the resurrection and other Christian ideas.[4]
The South Seas Evangelical Mission (SSEM) was established in 1904 by Young as a branch of the Queensland Kanaka Mission.[4] Its purpose was to follow the workers back to their homeland, and maintain their religious instruction there. At that time fewer workers were coming, due to the White Australia policy. Florence Young continued to administer the organisation, from Sydney and Katoomba, and made annual trips to the island until 1926.[4] Between 1906 and 1920, the SSEM established small enclaves on the coast of islands. On Malaita, these enclaves were always under threat from the more powerful bush groups. The first missionary in the Kwaio territory, for instance, was killed, ostensibly to purify a curse, but more because of the perceived threat to their power.[5] Under pressure from the administration of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, the Mission re-evaluated its language policy, and in the 1920s began to use English as a medium of instruction, instead of pidgins or local languages; however, to facilitate understanding, they devised a simplified English.[6] The SSEM was criticised for using its religious influence to support the Malayta Company, which was led by the Young family in Queensland, and maintained close connections with the mission.[7][8][9]
After World War II, the experience of many Solomon Islanders that not all whites are strict Christians made some upset that the SSEM withheld what they saw as the real key to power, education beyond literacy. Some whites were then ejected from churches as Malaita Bible teachers participated in the Maasina Rule movement.[10] The South Seas Evangelical Church was established in 1964 under its current name, and became independent from the mission in 1975.[2]
Beliefs and practices
editThe SSEC is strict with regard to behaviour of its members, who are not permitted to drink alcohol, chew betel nuts or smoke.[2] Both men and women are active in all aspects of the church's activities.[2] The SSEC discourages performance of traditional forms of music, such as 'Are'are panpipe ensembles, because they are peter as related to the traditional ancestor worship, the spirits of which are considered "devils."[11]
In Solomon Islands there are a number of schools sponsored by the SSEC, which, like other religious schools in Solomon Islands, receive subsidies from the government.[12] In their missionary work, they have used a few Europeans, but they primarily train natives as Bible teachers, and arrange to have them teach their home community.[13]
The SSEM publishes the work Not in Vain (originally, in the days of the QKM, Not in Vain: What God hath wrought amongst the Kanakas in Queensland), which includes annual reports, financial statements, and SSEM Letters.[14]
References
edit- ^ Centre for Intercultural Learning; Foreign Affairs Canada. "Country Insights: Solomon Islands". Archived from the original on 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
- ^ a b c d Alice Aruheeta Pollard. ""Bride Price" and Christianity". Retrieved 2007-04-18.
- ^ Lawrence, David Russell (October 2014). "Chapter 8 The new social order" (PDF). The Naturalist and his "Beautiful Islands": Charles Morris Woodford in the Western Pacific. ANU Press. pp. 237–242. ISBN 9781925022032.
- ^ a b c d Queensland Cultural Heritage Registry. "South Sea Islander Church and Hall". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
- ^ Roger M. Keesing. Kwaio Religion. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. Pages 22–23.
- ^ Beverly S. Mühlhäusler & Peter Mühlhäusler. "Simple English in the South Seas Evangelical Mission: Social context and linguistic attributes" (PDF). p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
- ^ Roger M. Keesing and Peter Corris. Lightning Meets the West Wind: The Malaita Massacre. Melbourne:Oxford UP, 1980. p. 73.
- ^ "QUEENSLAND KANAKA MISSION". National Library of Australia. The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933). 28 October 1890. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "QUEENSLAND KANAKA MISSION". National Library of Australia. The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933). 27 April 1906. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ Keesing, 235.
- ^ Zemp, Hugo. Liner notes to Solomon Islands: 'Are'are Panpipe Ensembles. Le Chant du Monde LDX 274961.62, 1994. p. 59.
- ^ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State. "Solomon Islands: International Religious Freedom Report 2006". Retrieved 2007-04-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Keesing, 233.
- ^ "Not in Vain" (rtf). Pacific Manuscripts Bureau at the Australian National University. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
External links
edit- South Sea Islander Church and Hall in Bundaberg, Queensland: Queensland Cultural Heritage Registry