The Quds are a family of Iranian cruise missiles, primarily used to attack land based targets.[2]
| Quds land-attack cruise missile | |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Yemen |
| Service history | |
| In service | July 2019[1] |
| Used by | Houthis |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Iran, Houthis |
| Specifications | |
| Engine | Toloue 10 or 13 type |
Guidance system | TERCOM navigation system |
Quds-1
editQuds-1, designated '351' by the US Government,[3] is a land-attack cruise missile used by Houthi movement in Yemen.[4][5][6] The Houthis claim that they have developed it themselves, but some sources disagree.[7]
Design
editAccording to missile expert Fabian Hinz it could be a copy of the Iranian Soumar missile or the Russian Kh-55. However, the size of the missile is smaller than the Iranian one, and its range is much shorter due to having less room aboard for fuel, and due to being a ground-launched rather than an air-launched cruise missile. He added that there are differences between the Soumar missile and the Quds-1 missile like "the entire booster design, the wing position, the Quds 1's fixed wings, the shape of the nose cone, the shape of the aft fuselage, the position of the stabilizers and the shape of the engine cover and exhaust". According to Fabian Hinz the range of Quds-1 is "significantly" smaller than the Iranian Soumar.[8][9]
The primary engine is an unlicensed copy of the TJ-100 turbojet produced by PBS Velká Bíteš in Czechia. [10] [11]
A "Quds cruise missile" was amongst the long-range unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) the Houthis displayed to the media in July 2019. Jane's Defence Weekly described it as shorter with differently shaped wings and fins, engine mounted on top rather than inside, and a smaller rocket launch booster compared to the Iranian Ya Ali. The fins looked similar to the missile used in the Abha International Airport attack the previous month.[6]
Quds-2
editThe Quds-2 cruise missile is also used by Yemen, and is supposed to be a more advanced version of the Quds-1, with higher speed, and range.[2]
In June 2024, it was discovered that Iran-backed militias in Iraq possessed Quds-2 cruise missiles. This came to light when Iraqi police in Babil found and photographed a Quds-2 cruise missile that had failed to launch.[12][13]
Quds-3
editIn 2022, the Quds-3 cruise missile was displayed at a Houthi military parade in Sanaa, Yemen.[14] Speculation [by whom?] suggests that the Houthis may have used the Quds-3 against Israel during the Red Sea Crisis, as it is the only missile they possess capable of reaching Eilat.[12]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "الحوثيون يعلنون تصنيع صواريخ وطائرات مسيرة لمواجهة التحالف". www.aa.com.tr.
- ^ a b Wright, Timothy, Barrie, Douglas (December 5, 2020), "Cruise missiles continue to make their mark in the Middle East", International Institute for Strategic Studies, retrieved 20 January 2024
- ^ Williams, Ian; Shaikh, Shaan. "The Missile War in Yemen" (PDF).
- ^ Hinz, Fabian (15 September 2019). "Meet the Quds 1". Arms Control Wonk. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D.; Koettl, Christoph; McCann, Allison; Schmitt, Eric; Singhvi, Anjali; Wezerek, Gus (September 16, 2019). "Who Was Behind the Saudi Oil Attack? What the Evidence Shows". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Binnie, Jeremy (8 July 2019). "Yemeni rebels unveil cruise missile, long-range UAVs". Jane's Defence Weekly. IHS. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
- ^ "Letter dated 27 January 2020 from the Panel of Experts on Yemen addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF).
- ^ Axe, David (September 17, 2019). "Houthis Have an Arsenal of Ballistic and Cruise Missiles (Some from North Korea)". The National Interest.
- ^ Seidler, Christoph (16 September 2019). "Attacks on Saudi oil facilities: the riddling of weapons experts". Spiegel Online / The Limited Times. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ The UN Final report of the Panel of Experts on Yemen was released on 27th January 2020:
- ^ "s/2020/70 - E - s/2020/70". undocs.org. Retrieved 2020-03-24.
- ^ a b Iddon, Paul (2024-03-20). "Houthis Not Only Iran-Backed Group With Cruise Missiles That Can Reach Israel". Forbes. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
- ^ "Iranian-Made Quds-2 Cruise Missile Photographed in Iraq | The Washington Institute". www.washingtoninstitute.org. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
- ^ Eshel, T. (2022), "Houthis a New Cruise Missile, Quds-3", Defense Update, retrieved 20 January 2024