Union Station (Pittsburgh)

Union Station, also known as Pennsylvania Station and commonly called Penn Station, is a historic train station in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was one of several passenger rail stations that served Pittsburgh during the 20th century; others included the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Station, the Baltimore and Ohio Station, and Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal, and it is the only surviving station in active use.

Union Station Pittsburgh, PA
Union Station in Pittsburgh, February 2007
General information
Location	1100 Liberty Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania United States
Coordinates	40°26′41.1″N 79°59′31.7″W
Owned by	Amtrak
Line(s)	Norfolk Southern Pittsburgh Line (Keystone Corridor) Norfolk Southern Fort Wayne Line
Platforms	3 + 1 disused
Tracks	2 + 3 disused
Connections	East Busway (at Penn Station) Greyhound Lines (at Grant Street Transportation Center) Fullington Trailways (at Grant Street Transportation Center)
Construction
Parking	Yes
Bicycle facilities	Yes
Accessible	Yes
Architect	D.H. Burnham & Company
Architectural style	Beaux Arts
Other information
Station code	Amtrak: PGH
History
Opened	1903
Rebuilt	1954, 1988
Passengers
FY 2023	116,084 annually (Amtrak)
Services
Preceding station Amtrak Following station Alliance toward Chicago Floridian Connellsville toward Miami Terminus Pennsylvanian Greensburg toward New York
Former services Preceding station Amtrak Following station Alliance toward Chicago Pennsylvanian 1998–2003 Greensburg toward Philadelphia Youngstown 1997–2005 toward Chicago Three Rivers 1995–2005 Greensburg toward New York Youngstown 1990–1995 toward Chicago Broadway Limited Greensburg toward Philadelphia Canton 1971–1990 toward Chicago Columbus toward Kansas City National Limited Wilkinsburg toward New York or Washington, D.C. Terminus Fort Pitt Pitcairn toward Altoona Alliance toward Chicago Capitol Limited 1981–2024 Connellsville toward Washington, D.C. Preceding station PennDOT Following station Terminus Parkway Limited Wilkinsburg toward Greensburg Preceding station Pennsylvania Railroad Following station Alliance toward Chicago Main Line East Liberty toward New York or Exchange Place Federal Street toward Chicago Terminus Kittanning Local East Liberty toward Kittanning Pitcairn Local 28th Street toward North Trafford Pittsburgh – Oil City East Liberty toward Oil City Federal Street toward Ashtabula Ashtabula – Pittsburgh Terminus Fourth Avenue toward Washington Chartiers Branch Federal Street toward Cleveland Cleveland – Pittsburgh via Youngstown Cleveland – Pittsburgh via Alliance Federal Street toward Enon Enon – Pittsburgh Federal Street toward Erie Erie – Pittsburgh Fourth Avenue toward Brownsville Monongahela Division Carnegie toward St. Louis St. Louis – Pittsburgh Fourth Avenue toward Wheeling Wheeling – Pittsburgh
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Official name	Rotunda of the Pennsylvania Railroad Station
Designated	April 11, 1973
Reference no.	73001587
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Official name	Pennsylvania Railroad Station
Designated	April 22, 1976
Reference no.	76001597
Pittsburgh Landmark – PHLF
Official name	Pennsylvania Railroad Station Rotunda
Designated	1991
Pittsburgh Landmark – PHLF
Official name	The Pennsylvanian (Union Station)
Designated	2003
Location

The historic station was designed by Chicago architect Daniel Burnham and built from 1898 to 1904. The station's rotunda was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, followed by the entire building in 1976. In the 1980s, the Burnham station building was converted to apartment use, while Amtrak moved to an annex on the building's east side.

History

Union Station in 1875

The current station replaced the original Union Station which was destroyed in the Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877.

Unlike many union stations built in the U.S. to serve the needs of more than one railroad, this facility served only the Pennsylvania Railroad and its subsidiary lines. Thus, Union Station is a misnomer, for that reason, it was renamed in 1912 to match other Pennsylvania Stations. Other major passenger rail carriers served travelers at other stations. For instance, the New York Central used the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Station, the Wabash Railroad used Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad used both their own Baltimore and Ohio Station and the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie station.

The station building was designed by Chicago architect Daniel Burnham and built between 1898 and 1904. The materials were a grayish-brown terra cotta that looked like brownstone, and brick. Though Burnham is regarded more as a planner and organizer rather than a designer of details, which were left to draftsmen like Peter Joseph Weber, the most extraordinary feature of the monumental train station is its rotunda with corner pavilions. At street level, the rotunda sheltered turning spaces for carriages beneath wide, low vaulted spaces that owed little to any historicist style. Above, the rotunda sheltered passengers in a spectacular waiting room. Burnham's firm completed more than a dozen projects in Pittsburgh, some on quite prominent sites. The rotunda is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Service began at the station on October 12, 1901.

On January 3, 1954, the Pennsylvania Railroad announced a US$3,600,000 (equivalent to $40,344,676 in 2023) in expansion and renovation for the complex. Into the beginning of the 1970s, the station remained a major stop for several of the PRR's leading east–west trains: Broadway Limited (Chicago–New York), Manhattan Limited (Chicago–New York); Penn Texas (St. Louis–New York) and Spirit of St. Louis (St. Louis–New York).

PRR train at Pittsburgh Union Station, March 31, 1968

By the late 1970s the Penn Central Corporation was accepting bids for the complex and it was purchased by the US General Services Administration. There were proposals in 1978 to make the structure into a federal office building, a new city hall, and a senior citizens apartment building. Amtrak proposed that the whole structure remain a train station and rail offices. In 1974, the County Council proposed having the station be the site of the then-planned David L. Lawrence Convention Center. The Buncher Development Company had an option to buy the property as late as 1984.

A $20 million restoration of Union Station began in 1986 to convert the office tower into apartments. It is now called the Pennsylvanian and opened to residents on May 23, 1988. The concourse, which is no longer open to the public, was transformed into a lobby for commercial spaces on the ground floor and the paint cleaned off the great central skylight. The rotunda is now closed to vehicular traffic; modern cars and trucks are too heavy for the brick road surface and risk caving in the roof to the parking garage below it.

Current passenger service

Union Station continues to serve as an active railway station, but through an annex on the Liberty Avenue side of the building. It is the western terminus of Amtrak's Pennsylvanian route and is along the Floridian route. Until 2005, Pittsburgh was also served by the Three Rivers (a replacement service for the Broadway Limited), an extended version of the Pennsylvanian that terminated in Chicago. Its cancellation marked the first time in Pittsburgh's railway history that the city was served by just two daily passenger trains.

Architecture

In September 1978, The New Yorker art critic Brendan Gill proclaimed that Pittsburgh's Penn Station is "one of the great pieces of Beaux-Arts architecture in America...[one of the] symbols of the nation."

Pittsburgh Regional Transit

Penn Station
East Busway buses in front of Union Station
General information
Location	East Busway at 12th Street Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Coordinates	40°26′38″N 79°59′30″W
Owned by	Pittsburgh Regional Transit (PRT)
Platforms	2 side platforms (busway) 2 side platforms (light rail)
Tracks	2
Connections	PRT: 1, 6, 11, 15, 19L, 29, 31, 39, 40, 44, 86, 87, 88, 91, G31
Construction
Structure type	At grade
Parking	Yes, paid
Accessible	Yes
History
Opened	May 12, 1988
Passengers
2019	1,339 (weekdays)
Services
Preceding station Pittsburgh Regional Transit Following station Terminus East Busway Herron toward Swissvale or Hay Street Shuttle (special events only) Steel Plaza Terminus
Former services Preceding station Port Authority of Allegheny County Following station Terminus 42 South Hills Village via Beechview Steel Plaza toward South Hills Village
Location

Bus Rapid Transit

Penn Station is an at grade station operated by Pittsburgh Regional Transit. The station is located on the Martin Luther King Jr. East Busway and is served by busway routes P1, P2, P7, P10, P12, P16, P17, P67, P68, P69, P71, P76 and P78.

East of the station is a bus layover area and the East Liberty Garage used by routes 1, 6, 11, 15, 19L, 29, 31, 39, 40, 44 and G31. These routes serve the Penn Station busway stops immediately before going out of service and are the first stops they make as they go into service. Routes 86, 87, 88 and 91 stop just outside of the station on Liberty and Penn Avenues.

Light Rail Transit

There is also a seldom used light rail station at the site. It opened in 1988 with regular shuttle service to Steel Plaza station, as well as two afternoon rush-hour trains on the 42S (now the Red Line). However, the station was difficult to integrate into other services, since it used a single-tracked former Pennsylvania Railroad tunnel. This tunnel travels beneath the US Steel Tower, and the building's structural supports are on each side of the tunnel, prohibiting the installation of a second track. The shuttle service was discontinued in 1993, but the two 42S afternoon rush-hour trains continued to serve the station until 2007. Since 2007, the station has seen occasional use, mostly for charters or special events, such as part of the agency's detoured transportation routes following Super Bowl XLV on February 6, 2011, as part of the "Railvolution" transit convention in October 2018, and during concrete repair work in the downtown tunnels between Steel Plaza and Gateway Station in March 2023.

Currently, there are plans to revive light rail service to Penn Station with the Brown Line.

Suburban transit connections

• Beaver County Transit Authority Route 1
• Butler Transit Authority
• Fayette Area Coordinated Transportation Commuter
• New Castle Area Transit Authority Route 71
• Washington City Transit Washington-Pittsburgh
• Westmoreland County Transit Authority Routes 1F, 2F, 3F, 14F

Intercity bus connections

Grant Street Transportation Center

Main article: Grant Street Transportation Center

Across the street is the Grant Street Transportation Center. It serves as an intercity bus station for:

• Amtrak Thruway
• Greyhound Lines
• Fullington Trailways
• Mid Mon Valley Transit Authority
• Mountain Line Transit Authority

Gallery

• 
  The rotunda
• 
  Exterior clock
• 
  Amtrak annex interior
• 
  Union Station, ca. 1910
• 
  East Busway station near the railroad building.
• 
  T station, with no regular service since 1993.
• 
  T station in 1994 showing chartered light rail train.

See also

• Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Station
• Baltimore and Ohio Station (Pittsburgh)
• Grant Street Station
• Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal

External links

• Pittsburgh, PA – Amtrak
• Pittsburgh, PA – Station history at Great American Stations (Amtrak)
• Images of Union Station, Pittsburgh
• Burnham's papers at the Carnegie Mellon Library
• Port Authority of Allegheny County Station Info
• Pittsburgh Amtrak Station (USA Rail Guide – Train Web)
• The Pennsylvanian
• Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. PA-1175, "Pennsylvania Railroad Station Rotunda, Liberty, Grant & Eleventh Streets, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA", 7 photos, 6 measured drawings, 3 data pages, 1 photo caption page
• HABS No. PA-1175-A, "Pennsylvania Railroad Station, South Baggage Passage & Canopy, 1101 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA", 4 photos, 9 data pages, 1 photo caption page
• HABS No. PA-1175-B, "Pennsylvania Railroad Station, Open Concourse & Concourse Roof Extension, 1101 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA", 4 photos, 7 data pages, 1 photo caption page
• Magazine article from Railway Age (1901) with floor plan