Wikipedia

Macintosh Performa

(Redirected from Performa)
"Performa" redirects here. For the New York City performance festival, see Performa (performance festival).

The Macintosh Performa is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1992 to 1997. The Performa brand re-used models from Apple's Quadra, Centris, LC, Classic, and Power Macintosh families with model numbers that denoted included software packages or hard drive sizes. Whereas non-Performa Macintosh computers were sold by Apple Authorized Resellers, the Performa was sold through big-box stores and mass-market retailers such as Good Guys, Circuit City, and Sears.

The Macintosh Performa 5200, an all-in-one desktop

The initial series of models consisted of the Macintosh Classic II-based Performa 200, the LC II-based Performa 400, and the IIvi-based Performa 600. After releasing a total of sixty-four different models, Apple retired the Performa brand in early 1997, shortly after release of the Power Macintosh 5500, 6500, 8600 and 9600, as well as the return of Steve Jobs to the company. The Performa brand's lifespan coincided with a period of significant financial turmoil at Apple due in part to low sales of Performa machines.

Overview

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The Macintosh Performa 6300, a desktop-cased model
 
The Macintosh Performa 6400 is one of the few Performas to use a tower case.

With a strong education market share throughout the 1980s, Apple wanted to push its computers into the home, with the idea that a child would experience the same Macintosh computer both in the home and at school, and later grow to use Macintosh computers at work. In the early 1990s, Apple sold computers through a chain of authorized resellers, and through mail order catalogs such as those found in the latter third of MacWorld Magazine. A typical reseller sold Macintosh computers to professionals, who purchased high-level applications and required performance and expansion capabilities. Consumers, however, purchased computers based on the best value, and weren't as concerned about expansion or performance. To reach these customers, Apple wanted to sell their computers through department store chains (such as Sears), but this would conflict with existing authorized reseller agreements, in which a geographic area had only one reseller.

To prevent these conflicts, Apple split the Macintosh line into professional and consumer models. The professional line included the Classic, LC, Centris, Quadra, and Power Macintosh lines, and continued to be sold as-is (i.e., no consumer software bundles or limited features). The consumer line was given the name "Performa", and included computers similar to the professional line. Early Performa models were not sold with the "Macintosh" brand in order to get around the authorized reseller agreements.[1]

The Performa line was marketed differently from the professional line. To satisfy consumer-level budgets, the computers were sold bundled with home and small business applications. Most models were also bundled with a keyboard, mouse, an external modem and either a dot-29 or dot-39 pitch shadow mask CRT monitor. Professional models, in contrast, were sold à la carte with keyboard and mouse bundles chosen by the dealer or sold separately; monitors sold with high-end Macintosh models typically used Trinitron tubes based on aperture grille technology.

While the Performa models resembled their professional counterpart on the system software and hardware level, certain features were tweaked or removed. The Performa 600, for instance, lacked the level-2 cache of the Macintosh IIvx it was based on.

Unlike the professional Macintosh lines, each individual Performa bundle was given a unique model number, in some cases varying only by the software bundle or the specific retailer that sold that model. This was intended to accommodate retailers, who could advertise that they could beat their competitors' price on equivalent models while at the same time ensuring that they did not actually carry the same models as their competitors. To help consumers choose between the options available to them, Apple created multiple paid advertisements including "The Martinettis Bring Home a Computer", a thirty-minute "storymercial" about a fictional family that purchases a Performa computer that aired in December 1994.[2]

Apple's strategy for selling Performa machines in department and electronics retail stores did not include the sort of specialized training Apple offered to its dealers. This resulted in situations where Performa display models were often poorly taken care of; the demo computers crashed, the self-running demo software not running or the display models not even powered on.[3][4][failed verification] Apple tried to address the training issue by hiring their own sales people to aid the store sales staff, most of them recruited from Macintosh user groups. Despite this, however, many returned Performa computers could not be serviced properly because the stores were not authorized Apple service centers.

The problem was compounded by retailers favoring Microsoft Windows, especially after the introduction of Windows 95. Computers running Windows were generally cheaper, and encouraged by manufacturer spiffs, advertising co-ops, and other promotion programs.[5][6] In addition, many stores preferred to sell their own branded white box PCs, something Apple would not allow.

As a consequence of these issues, Apple overestimated demand for Performa machines in 1995 while also underestimating demand for high-end Power Macintosh models, leading to significant oversupply issues.[7] Introduction of new Performa models slowed as a result: whereas Apple had introduced 20 different Performa models around the world from May to December 1995, the number dropped to four in the first seven months of 1996.

For the late-1996 holiday period, sales of Performa-branded machines had dropped year-over-year by 15 percent, reflective of a company-wide drop in fourth-quarter revenues by one-third compared with 1995.[8]

In February 1997, just days after Steve Jobs returned to the company, Apple refreshed its entire line of desktop computers, retiring a dozen Performa models based on the Power Macintosh 6200 and 6400 with no replacement, and reducing the range of Power Macintosh to six computers (plus a few Apple Workgroup Server variants). The official end of the Performa brand was announced on March 15 as part of sweeping changes at the company that included layoffs of a third of the company's workforce and the cancellation of several software products.[9] By early 1998, Apple's lineup was reduced to four computers: One desktop, one all-in-one, and two minitowers (one of which was sold as a server product). As part of the restructuring of how Apple sold its computers in retail channels, it partnered with CompUSA to implement a "Store within a store" concept. Apple and related products were displayed and sold in a physically separate location by specialized employees (currently done at select Best Buy stores).[10]

Performa-specific software

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The Performa versions of the Macintosh System software introduced some features that were not available on non-Performa Macintoshes. The most notable of these are At Ease (parental controls), the Launcher (an application launcher similar to the macOS Dock), and the Performa Control Panel, which included several unique configuration options.[11] The functionality of all three components were eventually folded into the operating system itself. Versions of System 7 with the additional software had a 'P' appended to the end, such as 7.1.2P which was included with the Performa 630 in mid-1994.

Software bundles usually included ClarisWorks, Quicken, a calendar/contact manager such as Touchbase and Datebook Pro, America Online, educational software such as The American Heritage Dictionary, The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, The TIME Almanac (on models equipped with a CD-ROM drive), Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing, or Mario Teaches Typing, and a selection of games such as Spectre Challenger, Diamonds, and Monopoly. Another software package that only the Performa was equipped with was called MegaPhone, a screen-based telephony (SBT) application developed by Cypress Research.

Timeline

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Timeline of Macintosh Centris, LC, Performa, and Quadra models, colored by CPU type
Macintosh Performa 6214Macintosh Performa 6210Macintosh Performa 6205Macintosh Performa 6230Macintosh Performa 6220Macintosh Quadra 840AVMacintosh Quadra 650Macintosh Quadra 610Macintosh Quadra 605Macintosh Quadra 660AVMacintosh Quadra 800Macintosh Centris 650Macintosh Centris 610Macintosh Quadra 950Macintosh Quadra 630Macintosh Quadra 900Macintosh Quadra 700Macintosh Performa 6420Macintosh Performa 6410Macintosh Performa 5440Macintosh Performa 5430Macintosh Performa 5260Macintosh Performa 6360Macintosh Performa 5260Macintosh Performa 6400Macintosh Performa 6400Macintosh Performa 5400Macintosh Performa 5400Macintosh Performa 6260Macintosh Performa 5400Macintosh Performa 5420Macintosh Performa 5410Macintosh Performa 5270Macintosh Performa 5260Macintosh Performa 6320Macintosh Performa 6310Macintosh Performa 6300Macintosh Performa 6290Macintosh Performa 5320Macintosh Performa 5300Macintosh Performa 6218Macintosh Performa 6216Macintosh Performa 6200Macintosh Performa 6116Macintosh Performa 5220Macintosh Performa 5215Macintosh Performa 5210Macintosh Performa 5200Macintosh Performa 640CDMacintosh Performa 580CDMacintosh Performa 588CDMacintosh Performa 638Macintosh Performa 637Macintosh Performa 636Macintosh Performa 635Macintosh Performa 631Macintosh Performa 630Macintosh Performa 578Macintosh Performa 577Macintosh Performa 575Macintosh Performa 476Macintosh Performa 475Macintosh Performa 560Macintosh Performa 550Macintosh Performa 275Macintosh Performa 6118Macintosh Performa 6117Macintosh Performa 6115Macintosh Performa 6112Macintosh Performa 6110Macintosh Performa 467Macintosh Performa 466Macintosh Performa 460Macintosh Performa 410Macintosh Performa 520Macintosh Performa 450Macintosh Performa 430Macintosh Performa 405Macintosh Performa 250Macintosh Performa 600Macintosh Performa 400Macintosh Performa 200Power Macintosh 5300 LCMacintosh LC 575Macintosh TVMacintosh LC IIIMacintosh LC 550Macintosh LC 580Macintosh LC 520Macintosh LC 630Macintosh LC 475Power Macintosh 5200 LCMacintosh LC IIIMacintosh LC IIMacintosh LC

See also: List of Mac models

List of Performa models

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Blanks indicate missing data.

According to Apple, all of these models are obsolete.[a][12]

Source: "Apple Macintosh Performa Specs (Mac Performa Specs): EveryMac.com".

Performa system Equivalent Macintosh system Notes Configuration (standard) Timetable
CPU Clock speed RAM HD VRAM Monitor CD Introduced Discontinued
Performa 200[13] Classic II Classic II rebranded when later reintroduced 68030 16 MHz 2 MB 40 MB N/A Video Memory built-in CRT No September 14, 1992 October 18, 1993
Performa 250[14][15] Color Classic Color Classic sold in UK and Australia 4 MB 256 KB February 1, 1993 May 16, 1995
Performa 275[16] Color Classic II Color Classic II sold in South Korea and Japan 33 MHz 80 MB October 1, 1993 November 1, 1995
Performa 400[17] LC II LC II consumer variation 16 MHz 512 KB No September 14, 1992 October 18, 1993
Performa 405[18] Performa 400 with monitor and less VRAM 256 KB 14″ April 12, 1993 November 1, 1993
Performa 410[19] Performa 400 with monitor 512 KB October 18, 1993
Performa 430[20] Performa 400 with monitor and larger HD 120 MB No April 12, 1993
Performa 450[21] LC III LC III with a larger HD 25 MHz
Performa 460[22][23] LC III+ LC III+ consumer variant 33 MHz 80 MB 512 KB October 18, 1993
Performa 466[24] Performa 460 with 160 MB HD 160 MB
Performa 467[25] Performa 466 with "business software" bundle
Performa 475[26] LC 475
Quadra 605 		LC 475 / Quadra 605 consumer variant with monitor 68LC040 25 MHz Bundled Apple Color Plus 14″ Display April 1, 1996
Performa 476[27] Performa 475 with larger HD 230 MB
Performa 520[28] LC 520 LC 520 consumer variant 68030 80-160 MB 512 KB Integrated 14″ color display Caddy-loaded CD-ROM June 28, 1993 February 2, 1994
Performa 550[29] LC 550 LC 550 consumer variant 33 MHz 5 MB 160 MB 768 KB Bare tray-loading 2x CD-ROM that did not require a caddy October 18, 1993 March 23, 1995
Performa 560 Money Edition[30] Performa 550 with business software January 1, 1994 March 23, 1995
Performa 575[31] LC 575 LC 575 consumer variant 68LC040 66 MHz 250 MB 1 MB April 26, 1994 April 1, 1996
Performa 577[32] Performa 575 with larger HD 320 MB February 1, 1994 April 1, 1996
Performa 578[33] Performa 575 with more RAM 8 MB
Performa 580CD[34] LC 580 LC 580 sold in Canada, Asia, Australia and New Zealand 500 MB 2x CD-ROM May 1, 1995 May 1, 1996
Performa 588CD[35] Performa 580CD sold in Asia and Europe 500 MB April 13, 1995 May 1, 1996
Performa 600[36] Macintosh IIvi/Macintosh IIvx Macintosh IIvi sold in U.S. (unlike Macintosh IIvi) 68030 33 MHz 4 MB 160 MB 512 KB No No September 14, 1992 October 18, 1993
Performa 600CD[36] Performa 600 with CD Drive 2x CD-ROM
Performa 630[37] LC 630, Quadra 630 LC/Quadra 630 consumer variant 68LC040 250 MB 1 MB No No July 1, 1994 July 1, 1995
Performa 630CD[37] Performa 630 with CD Drive 2x CD-ROM October 18, 1993
Performa 630CD DOS Compatible [38] Performa 630CD with a second RAM slot, and a DOS emulation card in the Processor Direct Slot. 250 MB No 2x CD-ROM July 18, 1994 July 1, 1995
Performa 631CD[39] Performa 630CD with second RAM slot, 8 MB RAM standard, 500 MB HD, with monitor and modem 8 MB 500 MB 15″ Apple color monitor 2x CD-ROM July 18, 1994 July 1, 1995
Performa 635CD[40] Performa 630 with 5 MB RAM, 2x CD-ROM, bundled Apple Multiple Scan 15 Display and modem 5 MB 250 MB 15″ Apple color monitor 2x CD-ROM July 18, 1994 July 1, 1995
Performa 636[41] Performa 630 sold to higher-education market. 8 MB 500 MB No None
Performa 636CD[41] Performa 636 with CD-ROM sold to higher-education market. No 2x CD-ROM
Performa 637CD[42] Performa 636CD with 350 MB HD and a monitor 350 MB 15″ Apple color monitor 2x CD-ROM
Performa 638CD[43] Performa 636CD with 350 MB HD and a TV/video in card No 2x CD-ROM
Performa 640CD DOS Compatible [44] LC 630 DOS Compatible Performa 631CD with monitor, modem, and the Performa 630CD DOS Compatible's 486 processor card 500 MB 1 MB 15″ Apple color monitor 2x CD-ROM May 14, 1995 February 1, 1996
Performa 5200CD[45] Power Macintosh 5200 LC Power Macintosh 5200 LC with 790 MB or 1 GB HD and either 2x or 4x CD-ROM. PowerPC 603 75 MHz 8 MB 790 MB 1 MB 15″ shadow mask color monitor 2x CD-ROM May 1, 1995 February 1, 1996
1 GB 4x CD-ROM
Performa 5210CD[46] Power Macintosh 5200 LC sold in Asia and Europe. 500 MB July 1, 1996
Performa 5215CD[47] Performa 5200CD with a different software bundle. 1 GB July 14, 1995
Performa 5220CD[48] Performa 5215CD with 500 MB HD, sold in Asia and Europe. 500 MB
Performa 5260CD[49] Power Macintosh 5260 Power Macintosh 5260/100 consumer variant available with smaller 800 MB HD PowerPC 603e 100 MHz 8 MB, 16 MB 800 MB, 1.2 GB 1 MB Integrated 14″ shadow mask color monitor April 22, 1996 February 1, 1997
Performa 5260/120[50] Power Macintosh 5260/120 consumer variant sold in Canada and Australia. 120 MHz 1.2 GB 8x CD-ROM October 1, 1996
Performa 5270CD[51] Performa 5260CD sold in Europe and Asia 100 MHz 8 MB 4x CD-ROM April 15, 1996
Performa 5280/120[52] Performa 5260/120 sold in Japan. 120 MHz 8 MB, 16 MB 8x CD-ROM November 12, 1996 June 1, 1997
Performa 5300CD[53] Power Macintosh 5300 LC Power Macintosh 5300 LC consumer variant 100 MHz Integrated 15″ shadow mask RGB 4x CD-ROM October 1, 1995 May 1, 1996
Performa 5300CD DE[53] Performa 5300CD Special "Director's Edition" with additional software. 120 MHz
Performa 5320CD[54] Performa 5300CD at 120 MHz sold in Europe and Asia. November 1, 1995 August 1, 1996
Performa 5400CD[55][56] Power Macintosh 5400 Power Macintosh 5400 consumer variant PowerPC 603ev 120 MHz 16 MB 1.6 GB 1 MB Integrated 15″ shadow mask RGB 4x CD-ROM April 22, 1996 February 1, 1997
Performa 5400/160[57] Performa 5400 sold in Asia and Europe 160 MHz 8x CD-ROM August 1, 1996 December 1, 1997
Performa 5400/180 (DE)[58] Performa 5400 sold in Asia and Europe with black case. The "DE" (Director's Edition) sold in Australia with 24 MB RAM, a built-in TV tuner with remote control, and a larger HD. 180 MHz 24 MB 2.4 GB June 1, 1997
Performa 5410CD[59] Performa 5400 without ethernet 120 MHz 16 MB 1.6 GB 4x CD-ROM April 22, 1996 February 1, 1997
Performa 5420CD[60] Performa 5410CD in a black case sold in Europe and Asia March 1, 1997
Performa 5430[61] Performa 5400/160 with 24 MB RAM sold in Asia and Europe 160 MHz 24 MB 8x CD-ROM November 12, 1996 December 1, 1997
Performa 5440[62] Performa 5400/160 with 24 MB RAM sold in Asia and Europe 180 MHz September 1, 1997
Performa 6110CD[63] Power Macintosh 6100/60 Power Macintosh 6100/60 with business software bundle PowerPC 601 60 MHz 8 MB 250 MB 640 KB Bundled Apple Multiple Scan 15 Display 2x CD-ROM November 1, 1994 July 1, 1995
Performa 6112CD[64] Power Macintosh 6100/60 with kids' software bundle
Performa 6115CD[65] Performa 6110CD with larger HD 350 MB
Performa 6116CD[66] Performa 6110CD with System 7.5.1 and 350 MB HD July 17, 1995 April 1, 1996
Performa 6117CD[67] Performa 6115CD with business software bundle November 1, 1994 July 1, 1995
Performa 6118CD[68] Performa 6110CD with larger HD and both business and kids' software bundles 500 MB
Performa 6200CD[69] Power Macintosh 6200 Power Macintosh 6200 with 14.4k modem, monitor, and software PowerPC 603 75 MHz 8 MB 1 GB Bundled Apple Multiple Scan 15 Display 4x CD-ROM July 11, 1995 April 1, 1996
Performa 6205CD[70] Performa 6200CD with 28.8k modem August 28, 1995 July 1, 1996
Performa 6210CD[71] Performa 6205CD with a different software bundle.
Performa 6214CD[72] Performa 6200CD with "college student" software bundle.
Performa 6216CD[73] Performa 6200CD without the monitor. No July 11, 1995 April 1, 1996
Performa 6218CD[74] Performa 6200CD with more RAM 16 MB Bundled Apple Multiple Scan 15 Display
Performa 6220CD[75] Performa 6218CD without the monitor, but with a TV / video in/out card. TV card but no monitor
Performa 6230CD[76] Performa 6220CD with a hardware MPEG decoder card. TV/MPEG card but no monitor
Performa 6260CD[77] Performa 6290CD with larger 800 MB HD. Sold in Europe and Asia. PowerPC 603e 100 MHz 8 MB 800 MB No June 19, 1996 December 1, 1996
Performa 6290CD[78] Power Macintosh 6200 with 100 MHz 603e processor and 1.2 GB HD. Sold in North America. 1.2 GB No January 27, 1996 August 1, 1996
Performa 6300CD[79] Performa 6290CD with more RAM and a monitor. Sold in North America 16 MB October 1, 1996
Performa 6310CD[80] Performa 6300CD sold in Asia and Europe 1 MB
Performa 6320CD[81] Performa 6290CD at 120 MHz with monitor and TV/video card 120 MHz April 22, 1996 September 1, 1996
Performa 6360[82] Power Macintosh 6300/160 Power Macintosh 6300/160 sold in North and South America PowerPC 603ev 160 MHz October 17, 1996 October 1, 1997
Performa 6400/180 Power Macintosh 6400 Power Macintosh 6400 at 180 MHz sold in North America 180 MHz 1.6 GB August 7, 1996 August 1, 1997
Performa 6400/200 Performa 6400 at 200 MHz sold in North America 200 MHz 1 MB No 8x CD-ROM May 1, 1997
Performa 6400/200 Video Editing Edition Performa 6400/200 with more RAM, Avid Cinema card, and software August 1, 1997
Performa 6410 Performa 6400 sold in Europe and Asia 180 MHz 2.4 GB November 12, 1996 October 1, 1997
Performa 6420 Performa 6400/200 sold in Europe and Asia 200 MHz August 1, 1997

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Apple products that have been discontinued for 7 years and no longer receive hardware support nor spare parts

References

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  1. ^ "Chapter 2: The Macintosh Family". The Macintosh Bible, 6th Edition. Peachpit Press. 1996. pp. 45–46. ISBN 0-201-88636-7.
  2. ^ Braxton, Greg (November 24, 1994). "Latest Amazing Discovery: The Un-Infomercial : Television: Storymercials cost more to shoot and don't look like infomercials--they look like real shows. The soft-sell approach is more appealing to corporate America". Los Angeles Times.
  3. ^ "The Roots of Apple's Retail Stores". During the mid-90s, Mac users were prone to dealing with poorly trained and ill-maintained Mac sections in big box computer and electronics stores. These environments did not foster customer loyalty, nor did they help differentiate the Mac user-experience from Windows.
  4. ^ "Before There Were Apple Stores…". The Mac Observer. May 19, 2021.
  5. ^ Schorr, Joseph (1994). Macworld Macintosh Secrets. IDG Books. p. 156. ISBN 1-56884-025-X.
  6. ^ Kelby, Scott (2002). Macintosh...The Naked Truth. New Riders. p. 96. ISBN 0-7357-1284-0.
  7. ^ Hill, Charles W. L.; Jones, Gareth R. (2011). Essentials of Strategic Management. Cengage Learning. p. 17. ISBN 978-1133387121.
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  9. ^ Markoff, John (March 15, 1997). "Apple to Trim Jobs and Its Product Line". New York Times.
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  32. ^ "Macintosh Performa 577:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
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  36. ^ a b "Macintosh Performa 600 and 600CD:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
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  39. ^ "Macintosh Performa 631CD:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
  40. ^ "Macintosh Performa 635CD:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
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  47. ^ "Macintosh Performa 5215CD:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
  48. ^ "Macintosh Performa 5220CD:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
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  50. ^ "Macintosh Performa 5260/120:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
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  52. ^ "Macintosh Performa 5280:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
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  55. ^ Technical specifications of Macintosh Performa 5400CD from Apple's knowledge base and from EveryMac.com. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
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  62. ^ Technical specifications of Macintosh Performa 5440 from Apple's knowledge base and from EveryMac.com. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
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  77. ^ "Macintosh Performa 6260CD:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
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  79. ^ "Macintosh Performa 6300CD:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
  80. ^ "Macintosh Performa 6310CD:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
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  82. ^ "Macintosh Performa 6360:Technical Specifications". support.apple.com. Apple.
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