This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (August 2014) |  |
The medication paracetamol (INN) (/ˌpærəˈsiːtəmɒl/ or /ˌpærəˈsɛtəmɒl/), also known as acetaminophen (USAN) (/əˌsiːtəˈmɪnəfɪn/ ), is sold around the world under a number of different brand names. Common brand names include Tylenol, Excedrin, Calpol, and Panadol.
Tylenol
edit
Tylenol is a brand of drugs advertised for reducing pain, reducing fever, and relieving the symptoms of allergies, cold, cough headache, and influenza. The active ingredient of its original flagship product is paracetamol. The brand name "Tylenol" is owned by McNeil Consumer Healthcare,[1] a subsidiary of Kenvue. As of 2017 the brand was used in Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, Lebanon, Myanmar, Oman, Philippines, Portugal, Switzerland, Thailand, United States, and Vietnam.[2]
Calpol
editCalpol is a brand of children's medicine sold in the UK, Ireland, India, Cyprus, Hong Kong, Kenya, Malta, Philippines and Turkey. The main product is a paracetamol suspension, branded as Calpol Infant Suspension. It is usually a coloured syrup with a sweet taste, and is used to treat fever and pain. In 2016 it was the second biggest selling branded over-the-counter medication sold in Great Britain, with sales of £66.3 million.[3]
Calpol also comes in a form containing ibuprofen, marketed under the name Calprofen. Calpol is a common cause of accidental child poisoning because of its pleasant taste.[4] Calpol Night, a product containing paracetamol and an antihistamine, was listed for use from 2+ months. However, this was changed and it is now only considered suitable for children over the age of 6 years.[5]
History
editCalpol was launched in 1959 by English pharmaceutical company, Calmic Ltd, based in Crewe, Cheshire; the company's name was an abbreviation of Cheshire and Lancashire Medical Industries Corporation, which moved from Lancashire to Crewe Hall in 1947.[6] The Calpol brand name is likely a combination of 'Calmic' and 'paracetamol'.[7] Calmic was acquired by Wellcome (today GlaxoSmithKline) in 1966, and Calpol became one of Wellcome's best-selling UK products in the 1980s.[7] The brand was later owned by Pfizer Consumer Healthcare, which was acquired by Johnson & Johnson in 2006.[8] Calpol is today a brand of Johnson & Johnson's McNeil Consumer Healthcare subsidiary; in 2020, Calpol was the UK's top-selling paediatric analgesic product with sales worth £60.1 million.[9]
Panadol
edit
Panadol is one of Haleon's trade names for paracetamol or acetaminophen. According to Haleon, Panadol is marketed in 85 countries,[10] including Australia,[11] Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium,[12] Brazil,[12] Bulgaria,[12] Chile,[12] Egypt, Finland,[12] France,[12] Greece,[12] Honduras, Hong Kong,[12] Indonesia,[12] Ireland,[12] Italy,[12] Kenya,[12] Korea,[12] Lebanon, Malaysia, Netherlands,[12] New Zealand,[13] Nigeria,[14] the Philippines,[12] Peru,[12] Puerto Rico,[10] Pakistan, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa,[12] Sri Lanka, Switzerland,[12] Taiwan,[12] Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates,[12] the United Kingdom, Vietnam, Malta, Uruguay, North Korea[12] and Oman.
History
editAfter it was first introduced only in clinics in 1953, Panadol started its commercial business in 1955 by Phillips, Scott & Turner, which was acquired by Frederick Stearns & Co, a subsidiary of Sterling Drug Inc. It was advertised as being "gentle on the stomach", since other analgesic agents at the time contained aspirin, a known stomach irritant. In 1955, Panadol was introduced to hospitals in the United Kingdom.[15] Panadol was originally available only by prescription in the UK, but is now available over the counter. In 1983, Sterling introduced Panadol to the United States market.[16] In 1988 Sterling Winthrop was acquired by Eastman Kodak which sold the worldwide over the counter drug business to SmithKline Beecham in 1994.[17] Two weeks later, SmithKline Beecham sold the over-the-counter medication business in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico to Bayer for US$1 billion.[18] However, North American rights to Panadol were retained by SmithKline.[18] It has been called "one of the most-frequently counterfeited medicines in the world."[19]
Other formulations and packaging
editPanadol is sold in different formulations and packaging with different names.[10][20]
Panadol Extra, an S2 pharmacy-only medicine in Australia, combines 65 mg of caffeine with 500 mg of paracetamol per tablet. Caffeine may improve the analgesic effect of paracetamol. Studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the clinical significance of this incremental pain relief.[21][22]
Panadol Osteo and Panadol Extend Tablets are modified-release formulations of paracetamol.[23] Panadol Osteo is marketed in Australia and New Zealand; its immediate to sustained release ratio is 33% to 66%.[24]
Panadol Rapid Handipak is Panadol Rapid packaged in a slim container of ten 500 mg caplets, designed to appeal to Australian women who are 20 to 35 years of age.[25][26]
Panadol Cold and Catarrh contains three active ingredients: paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride as a nasal decongestant, and chlorpheniramine maleate to prevent certain allergies.[20]
Panadol Cold and Flu and Panadol Fever and Congestion both combine paracetamol with phenylephrine hydrochloride as a nasal decongestant.[13][27]
Other brand names
edit| Brand name | Countries |
|---|---|
| Acamol | Kenya, Chile, Israel |
| Ace | Bangladesh, Kenya |
| Acet | Philippines, Canada, Singapore |
| Acetalgin | Switzerland |
| Adol | Kenya, Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, Tunisia, Oman |
| Aeknil[29] | India, Philippines |
| Alvedon | Sweden, Philippines |
| Apiretal | Paraguay, Spain |
| Atamel | Venezuela |
| Atasol | Canada |
| Biogesic | Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Myanmar |
| Buscapina | Argentina, Paraguay, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Uruguay, Peru, Mexico |
| Caffetin | Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Georgia, Serbia, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia |
| Calonal | Japan[30] |
| Calpol | Cyprus, Malta, India, Kuwait, Philippines, Singapore, Turkey, South Africa, Pakistan, Ireland, Lithuania, Poland, Oman |
| Cemol | Thailand, Philippines |
| Centamol | Bangladesh |
| Cetamol | Tunisia, Thailand, Egypt, Oman |
| Coldex | Tunisia, Israel, Egypt |
| Coldrex | North Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, Romania, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Georgia, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Pakistan, Bulgaria, New Zealand, China |
| Co-Tipol | Malta |
| Cotibin | Chile |
| Crocin | India |
| Dafalgan | Belgium, Egypt, Portugal, France, Kuwait, Lebanon, Switzerland, Luxembourg |
| Daleron | Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Malta |
| Depon | Cyprus, Greece |
| Dexamol | Israel |
| Dolex | Colombia, Uruguay, Pakistan |
| Doliprane | India, France, Lebanon, Tunisia, Morocco |
| Dolo | India |
| Dumin | Indonesia |
| Efferalgan | Italy, Estonia, Egypt, Spain, Croatia, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Tunisia, France, Georgia, Lebanon, North Macedonia, Serbia, Pakistan, Bulgaria, Latvia, Kuwait |
| Enelfa | Oman, Germany, Malta, Luxembourg |
| Europain | Hong Kong |
| Excedrin | Ireland, Kuwait, Netherlands, Portugal, Turkey, Greece, Oman, Georgia, Israel, Canada, United States, Peru, France |
| Febrectal | Spain |
| Febricet | Bosnia & Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Serbia |
| Febridol | Australia |
| Fenmol | Pakistan |
| Fep | India |
| Fepamol | India |
| Fervex | Estonia, Lithuania, Tunisia, Bulgaria, Georgia, North Macedonia, Serbia, France, Romania |
| Fevadol | Pakistan, Kuwait, Oman |
| Gelocatil | Spain |
| Gripin | Turkey, Paraguay |
| Gelonida | Germany |
| Gesic | Bangladesh |
| Gripex | Poland, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Tunisia |
| Grippostad | Bosnia & Herzegovina, Estonia, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, Bulgaria, Russian Federation, Czech Republic, Hungary, Egypt, Serbia, Slovakia, Austria, Spain |
| Hecamol | Taiwan |
| Hedex | Ireland, United Kingdom, Bangladesh |
| Hepa | Bangladesh |
| Hipa | Bangladesh |
| Ilvico | Spain, Portugal |
| Influbene | Austria, Bulgaria, Romania |
| Ipramol | Pakistan |
| Kafa | Switzerland |
| Kitadol | Chile, Uruguay, Peru, Paraguay |
| Kodone | Guatemala |
| Lekadol | Bosnia & Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria, |
| Lupocet | Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia |
| Migraleve | Israel, Portugal, Ireland, Malta, United Kingdom |
| Mexalen | Austria, Hungary |
| Minamol | Turkey |
| Minoset | Turkey |
| Nalsarac | Vietnam |
| Napa | Bangladesh, Singapore, Pakistan |
| Napadol | Bangladesh |
| Nikold | Georgia |
| Neopap | United States |
| Neo-Percodan | Mexico |
| Pamol | New Zealand, Indonesia, Finland, Lithuania, Denmark, Sweden, Estonia |
| Panado | South Africa |
| Panadol | Chile, Cyprus, Ecuador, Estonia, Egypt, Finland, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lithuania, Latvia, North Macedonia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Netherlands, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, Taiwan, Greece, Australia, Belgium, Spain, Croatia, New Zealand, Serbia, France, Malta, Peru, Slovakia, Georgia, Indonesia, Tunisia, China, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Luxembourg, Hungary, Oman, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Bangladesh, Czech Republic |
| Panamax | Taiwan, Australia |
| Panda | Oman, Jordan[31] |
| Panodil | Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden |
| Panoxen | Russian Federation |
| Panreliv | Philippines |
| Paracet | Iceland, Israel, Norway, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Turkey |
| Paralen | Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Croatia, Lithuania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia, Norway |
| Paramax | Norway, Slovakia, Philippines, Ireland, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia |
| Paramed | Tunisia |
| Paratabs | Iceland |
| Paramol | Israel, Romania, Thailand, Egypt, Kuwait, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Paraguay |
| Parol | Turkey, Georgia |
| Perdolan | Belgium, Luxembourg |
| Perfalgan | Turkey, Germany, Estonia, Spain, France, Ireland, India, Italy, Lithuania, New Zealand, Oman, Romania, Tunisia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Egypt, Malta, Austria, Israel, Switzerland |
| Pinex | Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Netherlands |
| Plicet | Croatia, North Macedonia |
| Pyrenol | Bangladesh |
| Pyrigesic | India |
| Revanin | Kuwait, Oman |
| Rubophen | Hungary |
| Sanipirina | Italy |
| Sanmol | Indonesia |
| Santa Cold | Georgia |
| Saridon | Bulgaria, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Hungary, Indonesia, Italy, Lithuania, Latvia, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Kuwait, Oman, Philippines, Portugal |
| Tachipirin | Venezuela |
| Tachipirina | Italy |
| Tafirol | Argentina, Mexico, Paraguay |
| Tapsin | Chile, Peru |
| Termalgin | Spain |
| Tempra | Kuwait, Mexico, Venezuela, Egypt, Ecuador, Lebanon, Philippines, Indonesia, Canada |
| Termorex | Indonesia |
| Thomapyrin | Croatia, Turkey, Austria, Germany |
| Tipol | Malta |
| Triaminic | Italy |
| Tylenol | Thailand, Lebanon, Brazil, Egypt, Kuwait, Mexico, Oman, Myanmar, Philippines, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Netherlands, Canada, China, Lithuania, Paraguay, Switzerland, South Africa |
| Ultracet | Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Venezuela, South Africa, United States, Brazil, Myanmar, Indonesia, China |
| Uphamol | Malaysia |
| Valadol | United States |
| Vermidon | Turkey |
| Xumadol | Spain, Portugal, Chile, Peru |
| Zolben | Switzerland, Uruguay, Chile |
References
edit- ^ Euromonitor International. "Acetaminophen benefits from concerns surrounding safety of analgesics". Market Research World. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ^ "Paracetamol international brands". Drugs.com. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
- ^ "A breakdown of the over-the-counter medicines market in Britain in 2016". Pharmaceutical Journal. 28 April 2017. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
- ^ Programme no. 6 – Poisons, Case Notes, BBC Radio 4, 2 September 2008.
- ^ "Name of Recipient F11 to next" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-01-26.
- ^ "Company History". Eurovent. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ a b Kleeman, Jenny (4 June 2019). "Why parents are addicted to Calpol". Guardian. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ "A history of Johnson & Johnson". Johnson & Johnson. 26 February 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ Nott, George (20 December 2020). "Personal care: over the counter: Less illness knocks cold & flu lines". The Grocer. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ a b c Crisostomo, Sheila (30 January 2014). "GSK launches paracetamol brand in Phl". The Philippine Star.
- ^ Agence France-Presse (26 February 2014). "Pain reliever acetaminophen linked to ADHD". News.com.au. News Limited.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Weiner, Carl P.; Buhimschi, Catalin (2009). Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4377-2136-2.
- ^ a b Mathewson, Nicole (20 March 2014). "Flu remedies pose dosage risk". The Press. Fairfax Media Digital. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ^ Akpotaire, Ufuoma (22 September 2013). "A peek into sex passing-off cases in Nigeria". NLIPW Trademark Law. Vol. 1, no. 12. Nigerian Law Intellectual Property Watch. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ^ "GlaxoSmithKline | Panadol 50 Years" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
- ^ Hollie, Pamela G. (14 March 1983). "Sterling to Try Again with a Nonaspirin Drug". New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ SEC Info| Eastman Kodak Co | 8-K | For 6/30/94
- ^ a b Olmos, David R. (13 Sep 1994). "German Firm to Reclaim Bayer Aspirin Name : Drugs: It will acquire Sterling Winthrop's over-the-counter business and recover the rights it lost after WWI". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
- ^ "Simple counterfeit drugs test developed". UPI. 26 August 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ a b Okonta, Chuks Udo; Agboola, Toba (25 December 2008). "GlaxoSmithKline unveils Panadol Cold & Catarrh". The Nation.
- ^ Derry, Christopher J; Derry, Sheena; Moore, R Andrew (11 December 2014). "Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12 (12): CD009281. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009281.pub3. PMC 6485702. PMID 25502052.
- ^ "Paracetamol with caffeine (Panadol Extra) available over the counter from pharmacies". NPS Radar. National Prescribing Service. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Graudins, A.; Chiew, A.; Chan, B. (2010). "Overdose with modified-release paracetamol results in delayed and prolonged absorption of paracetamol" (PDF). Internal Medicine Journal. 40 (1): 72–76. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02096.x. ISSN 1444-0903. PMID 20561368. S2CID 205503437.
- ^ Graudins, Andis; Pham, Hanh Ngoc; Salonikas, Chris; Naidoo, Daya; Chan, Betty (2009). "Early presentation following overdose of modified-release paracetamol (Panadol Osteo) with biphasic and prolonged paracetamol absorption". New Zealand Medical Journal. 122 (1300): 64–71. ISSN 1175-8716. PMID 19701261.
- ^ Vaczek, David (9 December 2007). "GSK's Handipak for Panadol Offers Discreet Portability". Pharmaceutical & Medical Packaging News. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ^ "PR positions Panadol Rapid Handipak as the must have accessory for every girl's handbag!". Golden Target Awards. UTS Library, University of Technology, Sydney. Archived from the original on 23 November 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ^ "Package leaflet: information for the user – Panadol Cold and Flu 500 mg / 30 mg Film Coated Tablets" (PDF). GlaxoSmithKline. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ^ "Paracetamol Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2020-12-25.
- ^ "Official Site – AEKNIL™ (Paracetamol)". Aeknil.com. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Japan hit with acetaminophen shortage as demand soars amid COVID surge". Mainichi Daily News. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ "Panda - Acetaminophen". Joswe.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2015-05-19.