The 1464 papal conclave (August 28–30), convened after the death of Pope Pius II, elected as his successor cardinal Pietro Barbo, who took the name Paul II.
| Papal conclave August 1464 | |
|---|---|
| Dates and location | |
| 28–30 August 1464 Apostolic Palace, Papal States | |
| Key officials | |
| Dean | Bessarion |
| Camerlengo | Ludovico Trevisan |
| Protopriest | Petrus von Schaumberg |
| Protodeacon | Rodrigo Borgia |
| Election | |
| Ballots | 1 |
| Elected pope | |
| Pietro Barbo Name taken: Paul II | |
 | |
List of participants
editPope Pius II died on August 14, 1464, in Ancona during preparations for the crusade against the Ottoman Empire. At the time of his death, there were 29 living cardinals, but only 19 of them participated in the conclave:[1]
Ten electors were Italian, four Spaniards, four French and one Greek. Six were created by Pius II, six by Eugenius IV, four by Callixtus III and three by Nicholas V.
Absentees
editTen cardinals (over 1/3 of the whole Sacred College) did not participate in this conclave:[1]
| Elector | Nationality | Cardinalatial Title | Elevated | Elevator | Notes[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pierre de Foix, O.F.M. | French | Bishop of Albano | September, 1414 | Antipope John XXIII | Legate in Avignon; administrator of Lescar and Tarbes |
| Petrus von Schaumberg | German | Priest of S. Vitale | 1439, December 18 | Pope Eugenius IV | Protopriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Bishop of Augsburg |
| Dénes Szécsi | Hungarian | Priest of S. Ciriaco | 1439, December 18 | Pope Eugenius IV | Archbishop of Esztergom; Chancellor of the Kingdom of Hungary |
| Jean Rolin | French | Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio | 1448, December 20 | Pope Nicholas V | Bishop of Autun |
| Luis Juan del Mila y Borja | Catalan | Priest of SS. IV Coronati | 1456, September 17 | Pope Callixtus III (Cardinal-nephew) | Bishop of Lerida |
| Berardo Eroli | Narni | Priest of S. Sabina | 1460, March 5 | Pope Pius II | Bishop of Spoleto; legate a latere in Perugia |
| Niccolò Fortiguerra | Pistoia | Priest of S. Cecilia | 1460, March 5 | Pope Pius II (Cardinal-nephew) | Bishop of Teano; Supreme Commander of Papal Fleet |
| Burchard of Weissbruch | German | Priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo | 1460, March 5 | Pope Pius II | Archbishop of Salzburg |
| Jean Jouffroy, O.S.B.Cluny | French | Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti | 1461, December 18 | Pope Pius II | Bishop of Albi |
| Jaime Cardona | Catalan | Priest [no title assigned] | 1461, December 18 | Pope Pius II | Bishop of Urgel |
Of the absentee cardinals five were created by Pius II, two by Eugenius IV, one by Callixtus III and one by Nicholas V. Pierre de Foix was the last surviving cardinal of the Great Western Schism and was elevated by Pisan Antipope John XXIII.
Among them there were three French, two Italians, two Germans, two Spaniards and the one Hungarian.
Candidates to the papacy
editBessarion, d'Estouteville, Trevisan, Carvajal, Torquemada and Barbo were mentioned as main papabili in the contemporary reports of the ambassadors and envoys of Italian Princes. Also Calandrini, Roverella and Capranica were referred to as possible candidates.[3]
The election of Pope Paul II
editOn the evening of August 28 all cardinals present in Rome entered the conclave in the Vatican, with the exception of ill Cardinal Torquemada, who joined the rest on the following day.
Initially, in order to secure to the cardinals a greater share of power than they had enjoyed under Pius II, a capitulation was prepared the conclave capitulation, and all except Ludovico Trevisan subscribed to it. The terms of the capitulation were the following:
- continue the Crusades against the Ottoman Empire
- leave Rome only with the consent of the majority of cardinals; the Italian Peninsula with the consent of all
- college of Cardinals limited to 24
- new pope limited to one cardinal-nephew
- creation of cardinals or advancement of benefices required the consent of the college.[4]
The first scrutiny took place on August 30. Cardinal Pietro Barbo received eleven votes, while the remaining fell to Trevisan and d'Estouteville.[5] On the following accessus Barbo received three additional votes and was elected Pope.[5] He took the name Paul II,[6] and a little bit later protodeacon Rodrigo Borgia announced the election to the people of Rome with the ancient formula Habemus Papam. On September 6 the new pope was solemnly crowned on the steps of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica by Cardinal Niccolò Fortiguerra, priest of the title of S. Cecilia.[7]
Notes
edit- ^ a b Miranda, Salvador. "Conclave of August 27 - 30, 1464 (Paul II)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621. Retrieved 2019-06-02.
- ^ a b Notes according to biographical entries of the respective cardinals on The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Consistories for the creation of Cardinals, 15th Century (1404-1492) by Salvador Miranda
- ^ Ludwig von Pastor "History of the Popes vol. 4", London 1900, pp.5-6
- ^ Burkle-Young, Francis A. "The election of Pope Paul II (1464)". Florida International University. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009.
- ^ a b Francis Burkle-Young “Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: the election of Paul II
- ^ Cardinal Ammanati claimed that Barbo wished at first to be called Formosus ("Beautiful"), but the cardinals objected on the grounds that it might seen as allusion to his good looks. He then changed it to Mark, but cardinals objected again, because "Marco!" was the war-cry of the Republic of Venice. Finally he decided to take the name Paul (L. von Pastor "History of the Popes vol. 4", London 1900, p. 12). F. Bourkle-Young considers this anecdote untrue [1]
- ^ Usually the rite of papal coronation was performed by Cardinal Protodeacon, but Rodrigo Borgia fell ill shortly after the election and was not able to do it. Cardinal Fortiguerra, who arrived to Rome when the election was already accomplished, acted as his substitute. L. von Pastor "History of the Popes vol. 4", London 1900, p. 18
Sources
edit- Ludwig von Pastor: "History of the popes vol. 4", London 1900
- Miranda, Salvador. "Conclave of August 27 - 30, 1464 (Paul II)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.
- Miranda, Salvador; Burkle-Young, Francis A. "Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: the election of Paul II". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.
