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Otto Deßloch (11 June 1889 – 13 May 1977) was a German Luftwaffe general during World War II and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.
Otto Deßloch | |
|---|---|
 Deßloch in 1944 | |
| Born | 11 June 1889 Bamberg, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire |
| Died | 13 May 1977 (aged 87) Munich, Bavaria, West Germany |
| Allegiance |  German Empire (1910-1918) Weimar Republic (1918-1933) Nazi Germany (1933-1945) |
| Service |  German Army
Luftwaffe |
| Years of service | 1910–45 |
| Rank |  Generaloberst |
| Battles / wars | World War I
World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves |
Career
editDeßloch was born in Bamberg, he joined the Bavarian Army in 1910 and served during World War I.[citation needed] After the German defeat, he joined the Freikorps forces of Franz von Epp, fighting against the communist Bavarian Soviet Republic. From 1921, he served as an intelligence officer in the German Reichswehr. In the course of German re-armament, he attended the secret Lipetsk fighter-pilot school in 1926–27. Deßloch took part in the fast build-up of the Luftwaffe after the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, from 1 December 1934 as commander of a Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule (flight training school). From 1935 he served as commander of two Luftwaffe wings.
During World War II he commanded a Luftflotte 2 corps from 3 October 1939 and was appointed Major general and commander of the 6th flight division on 1 January. He provided air support to the Heer Army Group B in the 1940 Battle of France and from 1941 commanded Luftwaffe units on the Eastern Front. Promoted to General der Flakartillerie on 1 January 1942, he served as a commander on the southern Eastern Front and in the Caucasus Mountains. On 11 June 1943 Deßloch succeeded Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen as commander-in-chief of Luftflotte 4 in the rank of Colonel general.
When in the summer 1944 the Western Front collapsed, Deßloch was appointed commander of Luftflotte 3 by Hermann Göring to replace dismissed Hugo Sperrle. After Paris was liberated by the Allied forces, Deßloch commanded an air unit that, in retaliation, bombed the city destroying civilian targets and killing 200 French civilians in September 1944.[1] The attack was carried out on Hitler's personal order. From September he again served as commander of Luftflotte 4 until he succeeded Robert Ritter von Greim as head of Luftflotte 6 during the last days of the war. Deßloch was interned by the Allies until 1948.
He died in Munich in 1977.
Awards
edit- Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (20 August 1914) & 1st Class (21 September 1915)[2]
- Bavarian Military Merit Order 4th Class with Swords (19 April 1915) & 4th Class with Crown and Swords (9 November 1917)[2]
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe
- Wound Badge (1914) in Black (15 May 1918)[2]
- Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (13 May 1940) & 1st Class (24 May 1940)[2]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- 74th Knight's Cross on 24 June 1940 as Generalmajor and commanding general of the II. Flak-Korps[3]
- 470th Oak Leaves on 10 May 1944 as Generaloberst and commander in chief of Luftflotte 4[4]
References
editCitations
editBibliography
edit- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
- Mitcham, Samuel W. Jr. (2007). Retreat to the Reich. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3384-7.
- Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945. Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
- Thomas, Franz; Wegmann, Günter (1991). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Deutschen Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Teil V: Die Flugabwehrtruppen 1: A–K [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the German Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Part V: The Air Defense Troops 1: A–K] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-1153-2.
