The Old Guard was an Australian anti-communist organisation which was founded in 1930 and was primarily active in New South Wales.[1] Its exact origins are disputed. At least one historian has claimed that it existed as early as 1917.[2] It has been described as a paramilitary, quasi-official, vigilante, anti-communist organisation.
| Formation | 1930 |
|---|---|
| Dissolved | 1952[citation needed] |
| Type | Secret |
| Purpose | Anti-communist |
Region served | New South Wales, Australia |
The group was primarily concerned with the social conditions arising from the Great Depression, and the actions of the Labor state government in New South Wales led by Premier Jack Lang.[3] Rumours that agitators from the Old Guard were starting bush fires led to the more effective organisation of country bush fire brigades in New South Wales.[4] As fears of a communist takeover subsided, the Old Guard lacked purpose and was dissolved sometime in the 1950s.[2]
Secrecy
editThe group was sworn to absolute secrecy regarding membership, and was divided into cells so that its leadership would be hard to identify. Media reports on the group in the 1930s were scarce, and information about it has been obscured by the destruction of its own records.[2]
Split
editThe New Guard split from the group in 1931.[1] Eric Campbell wanted a more visible organisation than the secretive Old Guard.[5] The New Guard was less of a military force than the Old Guard, which opposed the split because it was fearful of communists exploiting the division.[6] Both groups had devised plans to neutralise each other should it be needed.[4]
Members
editAt the height of its popularity, the Old Guard in Australia had a membership of around 30,000.[1] Members were loyalists and idealists devoted to the British Empire and ready to act pre-emptively to prevent a socialist revolution in Australia. Old Guard leaders were wealthy Protestant Anglo-Australians.[2] Membership in rural New South Wales, and ties to the New South Wales police force, were strong.[2]
At the federal level the Old Guard had its closest ties to the Attorney-General's Department and the Department of Defence.[4]
Like many former officers of the Australian Army George Wootten joined the Old Guard.[7]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c Blamires, Cyprian; Paul Jackson (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 66. ISBN 1576079406. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Knightley, Phillip (2001). Australia: A Biography of a Nation. Random House. pp. 142–144. ISBN 0099772914. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ Keith Amos. Campbell, Eric (1893–1970). Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ a b c "What if Jack Lang had not been dismissed?". Issues: New South Wales Constitution and Government. NSW Public Schools. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ Manning, Clark (1993). History of Australia. Melbourne University Publish. p. 534. ISBN 0522845231. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ Hirst, John (2009). Sense and Nonsense in Australian History. Black Inc. pp. 239, 242. ISBN 978-0977594931. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ A. J. Hill. Wootten, Sir George Frederick (1893–1970). Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
Further reading
edit- Evans, Richard (2008). "'A Menace to this Realm': The New Guard and the New South Wales Police, 1931–32". History Australia. 5 (3). Informa UK Limited: 76.1–76.20. doi:10.2104/ha080076. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30037028. ISSN 1449-0854. S2CID 143761833.
- Moore, Andrew (1989). The secret army and the premier : conservative paramilitary organisations in New South Wales, 1930-32. Kensington, N.S.W., Australia: New South Wales University Press. ISBN 0-86840-283-4. OCLC 25336207.