No. 608 (North Riding) Squadron was an Auxiliary Air Force squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. It flew during its existence as a bomber, fighter and reconnaissance unit and was the only RAF squadron to be equipped with the unsuccessful Blackburn Botha torpedo bomber.
| No. 608 (North Riding) Squadron RAuxAF | |
|---|---|
| Active | 17 March 1930 – 31 July 1944 1 August 1944 – 24 August 1945 10 May 1946 – 10 March 1957 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  Royal Air Force |
| Part of | Royal Auxiliary Air Force |
| Nickname(s) | North Riding "Thornaby's own" |
| Motto(s) | Latin: Omnibus ungulis (Translation: "With all talons")[1] |
| Battle honours | Channel & North Sea, 1939 Baltic, 1941–42 Mediterranean, 1942–43 Sicily, 1943 Anzio & Nettuno France & Germany, 1944–45 German Ports, 1944–45 These seven honours are all emblazoned on the squadron standard |
| Commanders | |
| Honorary Air Commodore | Viscount Swinton (1934–1957) |
| Notable commanders | Denis Finlay (1943-1944)[2] |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | A falcon's leg, erased, belled and fessed[1] The falcon's leg indicates the squadron's readiness to go into the air at any time and attack tooth and nail[3] |
| Squadron Codes | PG (Oct 1938 – Sep 1939)[4] UL (Sep 1939 – 1942)[5] 6T (1944 – 1945,1949 – Apr 1951)[6] RAO (May 1946 – 1949)[7] |
History
editFormation and early years: Wapitis and Demons
edit
No. 608 Squadron was formed at Thornaby-on-Tees, North Yorkshire as No. 608 County of York (North Riding) Squadron, on 17 March 1930 as a day bomber squadron within the Auxiliary Air Force. Its initial equipment was the Avro 504 N and Westland Wapiti, which the squadron flew until they were replaced with Hawker Demon fighters in January 1937, when the squadrons role was changed to that of a fighter squadron. In May 1937 the name of the squadron was changed to No. 608 (North Riding) Squadron.[1] Shortly before the Second World War broke out, on 20 March 1939, the squadron's role was changed yet again, now into that of a general reconnaissance unit flying under RAF Coastal Command and they were re-equipped for that role with Avro Ansons.
Second World War
editReconnaissance with Ansons, Bothas, Blenheims and Hudsons
edit.jpg)
The squadron started the war flying the Anson. In June 1940, it began the process of transferring to the Blackburn Botha torpedo bomber, being the only squadron to use this type operationally. The Botha was found to be unsatisfactory, and by December 1940 the squadron was using its Avro Ansons again. These soldiered on until February 1941, when Bristol Blenheim Mk.IVs arrived. However, these were soon replaced by Lockheed Hudsons, which the squadron flew from bases in Scotland, North Africa and Italy until 31 July 1944, when it was disbanded at Pomigliano, Italy.[8][9]
Pathfinding with Mosquitos
editThe squadron was reformed on 1 August 1944 at RAF Downham Market, Norfolk as a Mosquito squadron in No 8 (Pathfinder) Groups Light Night Striking Force. In this role it carried out night attacks on Germany. On 2 May 1945, a Mosquito from 608 squadron dropped a 4,000lb bomb on the naval port at Kiel. It was the last British bombing raid of the war against Nazi Germany.[10]
It disbanded on 28 August 1945 at Downham Market.[8][9]
Post-war reformation: Mosquitos, Spitfires and Vampires
editNo. 608 squadron was reformed on 10 May 1946 at Thornaby in its original role as a light bomber squadron in the Royal Auxiliary Air Force. It had however no operational aircraft before being redesignated as a night fighter unit in July 1947, when it received Mosquito NF.30s. These were flown until the squadron changed role yet again, this time to that of a day fighter squadron, receiving Spitfire F.22s in May 1948. From December 1949 these were gradually replaced with de Havilland Vampires, which the squadron flew until, along with all the flying units of the RAuxAF, it was disbanded on 10 March 1957.[8][9]
Aircraft operated
edit| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| June 1930 | January 1937 | Westland Wapiti | Mk.IIa |
| January 1937 | March 1939 | Hawker Demon | |
| March 1939 | April 1941 | Avro Anson | Mk.I |
| June 1940 | December 1940 | Blackburn Botha | Mk.I |
| February 1941 | August 1941 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.I |
| March 1941 | July 1941 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.IV |
| July 1941 | July 1944 | Lockheed Hudson | Mk.V |
| March 1943 | July 1944 | Lockheed Hudson | Mk.VI |
| June 1943 | July 1944 | Lockheed Hudson | Mk.IIIa |
| August 1944 | April 1945 | de Havilland Mosquito | Mk.XX |
| October 1944 | April 1945 | de Havilland Mosquito | Mk.XXV |
| March 1945 | August 1945 | de Havilland Mosquito | Mk.XVI |
| July 1947 | January 1949 | de Havilland Mosquito | NF.30 |
| May 1948 | January 1951 | Supermarine Spitfire | F.22 |
| December 1949 | July 1953 | de Havilland Vampire | F.3 |
| May 1951 | June 1951 | de Havilland Vampire | F.1 |
| April 1952 | March 1957 | de Havilland Vampire | FB.5 |
| April 1956 | February 1957 | de Havilland Vampire | FB.9 |
Squadron bases
edit| From | To | Base |
|---|---|---|
| 17 March 1930 | 14 January 1942 | RAF Thornaby, North Yorkshire (Det. at RAF Bircham Newton, Dyce) |
| 14 January 1942 | 5 August 1942 | RAF Wick, Caithness, Scotland |
| 5 August 1942 | 27 August 1942 | RAF Sumburgh, Shetland, Scotland |
| 27 August 1942 | 14 September 1942 | RAF Gosport, Hampshire |
| 14 September 1942 | 29 October 1942 | RAF North Coates, Lincolnshire |
| 29 October 1942 | 9 November 1942 | en route to North Africa |
| 9 November 1942 | 14 November 1942 | RAF Gibraltar |
| 14 November 1942 | 6 August 1943 | RAF Blida, Algeria |
| 6 August 1943 | 4 September 1943 | Protville Airfield, Tunisia |
| 4 September 1943 | 23 October 1943 | Borizzo Airfield, Sicily (Det. at Grottaglie) |
| 23 October 1943 | 23 June 1943? | Montecorvino Airfield, Italy |
| 23 June 1943? | 31 July 1944 | Pomigliano, Italy |
| 1 August 1944 | 28 August 1945 | RAF Downham Market, Norfolk |
| 10 May 1946 | 16 June 1951 | RAF Thornaby, North Yorkshire |
| 16 June 1951 | 12 July 1951 | RAF Leuchars, Fife, Scotland |
| 12 July 1951 | 10 March 1957 | RAF Thornaby, North Yorkshire |
Commanding officers
edit| From | To | Name |
|---|---|---|
| March 1930 | 1932 | S/Ldr. W. Howard-Davies |
| 1932 | December 1934 | S/Ldr. I.W.H. Thomson |
| December 1934 | December 1938 | S/Ldr. G.H. Ambler |
| December 1938 | May 1941 | W/Cdr. G. Shaw, DFC |
| May 1941 | November 1941 | W/Cdr. R.S. Derbyshire |
| November 1941 | February 1943 | W/Cdr. P.D.R. Hutchings, AFC |
| February 1943 | December 1943 | W/Cdr. C.M.M. Grece, DFC |
| December 1943 | July 1944 | W/Cdr. Denis Finlay OBE[16] |
| August 1944 | November 1944 | W/Cdr. W.W.G. Scott DFC |
| November 1944 | April 1945 | W/Cdr. R.C. Alabaster, DSO, DFC |
| April 1945 | August 1945 | W/Cdr. K. Gray |
| July 1946 | 1950 | S/Ldr. W.A. Brown, DFC |
| 1950 | 1952 | S/Ldr. F.A. Robinson |
| 1952 | 1955 | S/Ldr. G.A. Martin, DFC, AFC |
| 1955 | March 1957 | S/Ldr. H.D. Costain |
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c Halley 1988, p. 424.
- ^ Not to be confused with his brother RAF Officer and Olympian Donald Osborne Finlay DFC AFC
- ^ a b c Moyes 1976, p. 278.
- ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 14.
- ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 101.
- ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 100.
- ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 138.
- ^ a b c d e Halley 1988, p. 425.
- ^ a b c d e Jefford 2001, p. 100.
- ^ "Remembering the last raid on Nazi Germany". BBC News. 9 June 2015.
- ^ a b c Rawlings 1982, p. 237.
- ^ Rawlings 1976, pp. 491–492.
- ^ Rawlings 1976, p. 491.
- ^ Bowyer 1984, p. 123.
- ^ Hunt 1972, pp. 181–194.
- ^ Not to be confused with his brother, RAF Officer and Olympian Donald Osborne Finlay DFC AFC
Bibliography
edit- Bowyer, Chaz (1984). Mosquito Squadrons of the Royal Air Force. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd. ISBN 0-7110-1425-6.
- Bowyer, Michael J.F.; Rawlings, John D.R. (1979). Squadron Codes, 1937–56. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
- Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). Combat Codes: A Full Explanation and Listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied Air Force Unit Codes since 1938. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
- Halley, James J. (1988). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
- Hunt, Leslie (1972). Twenty-One Squadrons: The History of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, 1925–1957. London: Garnstone Press. ISBN 0-85511-110-0.
- Jefford, Wing Commander C.G. (2001). RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912 (2nd ed.). Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
- Moyes, Philip J.R. (1976). Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0-354-01027-1.
- Rawlings, John D.R. (1982). Coastal, Support and Special Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 0-7106-0187-5.
- Rawlings, John (1976) [1969]. Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft (2nd ed.). London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-354-01028-X.
- Wilkinson, Louise (2009). The Kipper Patrol: The History of 608 (NR) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force and Thornaby Aerodrome, 1930–1957. Dartford, Kent, UK: Pneuma Springs Publishing. ISBN 978-1-905809-45-5.