Nilgiri Mountain Railway X class

The X class is a metre gauge 0-8-2RT rack and pinion compound locomotive used by the Nilgiri Mountain Railway in the Nilgiri Hills of southern India. They are used on the 28-kilometre-long (17 mi) section between Coonoor and Mettupalayam, where the line reaches a gradient of 8%.[citation needed] The railway uses the Abt system on these steep sections. The locomotives have two high-pressure and two low-pressure cylinders, located outside of their frames. The low-pressure cylinders drive the rack gears, and are positioned above the two main high-pressure cylinders, which drive the main wheels.

Nilgiri Mountain Railway X class
Black locomotive with a blue cab
Nilgiri Mountain Railway locomotive No. 37385, preserved at the Delhi Railway Museum
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderSwiss Locomotive & Machine Works, Winterthur, Switzerland (17)
Golden Rock Railway Workshop, Golden Rock, Tiruchirappalli, India (6)
Build date1914, 1920, 1925, 1952, 2011-2014, 2021-2022
Total produced23
RebuilderPonmalai Goldenrock (G.O.C.)
Specifications
Configuration:
 • Whyte0-8-2RT
Gauge1,000 mm (3 ft 3+38 in) metre gauge
Driver dia.815 mm (32.09 in)
Fuel typeCoal or fuel oil
Fuel capacity2011: 850 litres (190 imp gal; 220 US gal) of diesel and 2,250 litres (490 imp gal; 590 US gal) of fuel oil
CylindersFour, outside, compound
High-pressure cylinderAdhesion: 450 mm × 410 mm (17.72 in × 16.14 in)
Low-pressure cylinderRack: 450 mm × 430 mm (17.72 in × 16.93 in)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Performance figures
Maximum speedAdhesion: 30 km/h (19 mph)
Rack: 15 km/h (9 mph)

This class of engine was acquired to replace the line's original Beyer, Peacock & Company 2-4-0RT rack locomotives, which were not powerful enough to handle the traffic.[1][2] They were bought in two batches from the Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works, Winterthur, Switzerland. The first batch of twelve was delivered between 1914 and 1925, and the second batch of five was delivered in 1952.[1][3] Four more members of the class were built in India between 2011 and 2014, and another two between 2021 and 2022.

Class table

edit
Table of orders and numbers[4][5]
SLM Works Nos. Year Quantity NMR No. All India No. Notes
Swiss Locomotive Works, Winterthur (SLM) orders
2456–2459, 2469–2470 1914 6 1–6 37379–37384 ex-No. 1-6, 37379-37383 (1-5) scrapped off during the British Raj
2734–2736, 2733 1920 4 7–10 37385–37388
3000–3001 1925 2 11–12 37389–37390
4069–4073 1952 5 13–17 37391–37395
Golden Rock, Ponmalai (GOC) orders
n/a 2011 - 2014 4 18–21 37396–37399 Non-SLM, all oil-fired, rebuilt to run on high-speed diesel fuel instead of furnace oil.
n/a 2021 - 2022 2 22–23 37400–37401 37400 (coal-fired) and 37401 (High-speed diesel-fuelled), rolled out in August 2021 and September 2022 respectively.

Conversion to oil

edit
 
Locomotive No.37395 at Coonoor Shed, February 2005

The coal-fired No. 37395 was modified to fire oil in 2002, and another locomotive was similarly modified shortly afterwards. The railway intends to convert more locomotives to a oil-fired system, since they are less likely to spark forest fires and are easier to refuel. Unlike coal-fired engines, which require two firemen, only one fireman needs to travel with the driver of an oil-fired locomotive.[6][7] Since Aprill 2022, all oil-fired steam engines run on High-Speed Diesel (HSD), as it is less viscous and contains less sulfur, compared to furnace oil.

New locomotives

edit

To ease the load on existing X-class locomotives, four new oil-fired X Class steam locomotives to the same basic design were ordered. The first one (No. X 37396), named Neela Kurinji, arrived in February 2011 and entered service on March 24 of that year. The second (No. X 37397), Betta Queen, was rolled out at the Golden Rock Railway Workshop in February 2012, and entered service on the railway in March. The third (No. X 37398), also from the Golden Rock Workshop, Nilgiri Queen, entered service in March 2013. The fourth (No. X 37399), named Nilgiri Flycatcher was rolled out on March 5, 2014, to join the fleet after trials on the railway.[citation needed]

Under the order of the Central Government, the Golden Rock Workshop started the manufacturing of two X-Class steam engines, one coal-powered and one oil-powered, in 2020. However, due to COVID-19, they could not be finished on time. (Source:- Deccan Herald). X-37400, the coal-powered engine, was finally rolled out on August 25, 2021. The oil-fired locomotive, X-37401, rolled out on September 26, 2022. Both are currently in service.[citation needed]

In fiction

edit

Ashima, a character based on the X Class and voiced by Tina Desai, appears in the 2016 animated film Thomas & Friends: The Great Race. She also appears in the twenty-second series, the twenty-third series and the twenty-fourth series of Thomas & Friends.[8][9][10]

In Bollywood

edit

The X-class steam engines were temporarily repainted and used in the music video for the song Chaiyya Chaiyya, sung by Sukhwinder Singh and Sapna Awasthi, with music composed by A. R. Rahman and lyrics by Gulzar. The video features Shah Rukh Khan and Malaika Arora dancing on the train, from the 1998 Mani Ratnam movie Dil Se. For the song, Ratnam spoke to NMR in regards to painting the engines greenish-black and the train rakes a brick color for five days, while the music video was shot.

References

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ a b Bhandari, R. R. (2008). "Steam in history". IRFCA. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  2. ^ "Blue Mountain Railway". India for Visitors. indiaforvisitors.com. 2003. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  3. ^ "National Railway Museum". Rail in India. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  4. ^ Hughes 1992, p. 98
  5. ^ Hughes 1996, p. 58
  6. ^ Rajaram, R. (21 December 2009). "Work for manufacturing four new oil-fired steam locos begins". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 31 December 2009.
  7. ^ "Oil fired Steam engine on Nilagiri Railway , India". Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam. 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  8. ^ "Meet Ashima, and Her Impact on Child Product Sales to India". India Briefing. March 31, 2016. Archived from the original on December 7, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  9. ^ "Ashima - Character Profile & Bio". Thomas & Friends - Official Website. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
  10. ^ "Flying Scotsman on track to star in new 'more diverse' Thomas the Tank Engine film". ITV News. April 6, 2016. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

Bibliography

edit
  • Hughes, Hugh (1992). Indian Locomotives, Part 2 – Metre Gauge 1872–1940. Harrow, Middlesex: Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 978-0-9503469-9-1.
  • Hughes, Hugh (1996). Indian Locomotives, Part 4 – 1941–1990. Harrow, Middlesex: Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 978-0-9521655-1-4.
edit

  Media related to Nilgiri Mountain Railway class X at Wikimedia Commons