Chadian Progressive Party

Chadian Progressive Party

Parti Progressiste Tchadien
Chadian Progressive Party Parti Progressiste Tchadien
Founder	Gabriel Lisette
Founded	February 1947
Banned	April 1975
Headquarters	N'Djamena, Chad
Ideology	African nationalism; Pan-Africanism; Anti-imperialism; African socialism; Federalism[citation needed]; Anti-colonialism; Sara interests (from 1960)
Political position	Left-wing
International affiliation	African Democratic Rally
	Politics of Chad; Political parties; Elections;

The Chadian Progressive Party (French: Parti Progressiste Tchadien, PPT), known as the National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution (French: Mouvement National pour la Révolution Culturelle et Sociale, MNRCS) for the last two years of its existence, was the first African political party in Chad. It was a regional branch of the African Democratic Rally (RDA).

History

The party was founded in February 1947,^[2] by Gabriel Lisette, who had been elected to the French National Assembly in elections the previous November. At first it attracted support mainly from the country's non-Muslim intellectuals; politically it was much more radical and nationalistic than its main rival, the Muslim-dominated Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). This was revealed by its motto: "Enough with cotton! Enough with taxes! Enough with chiefs!" (Plus de coton! Plus d’impôts! Plus de chefs!).

Originally much weaker than the UDT, Lisette lost his seat in the National Assembly in the 1951 elections, in which the two second college seats were both won by the UDT. However, the 1956 electoral reforms expanded the pool of eligible voters and saw power begin to pass to the Christian and Animist south where the PPT had most of its support. In the 1956 French National Assembly elections the PPT received the largest share of the vote in the second college, resulting in Lisette elected back to the National Assembly.

In the Territorial Assembly elections the following year the PPT formed the Entente alliance with the Grouping of Rural and Independent Chadians, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance, Radicals and Radical Socialists and the Independent Socialist Party of Chad. The Entente won 57 of the 65 seats in the Assembly, with the PPT taking 32. As a result, Lisette became Head of Government. The PPT went on to win the 1959 elections, taking 57 of the 84 seats.^{[citation needed]}

In 1962 a new constitution made Chad a one-party state, with the PPT as the sole legal party.^[3] As a result, the party won every seat in the National Assembly in the 1962, 1963 and 1969 parliamentary elections, whilst PPT leader François Tombalbaye was re-elected President unopposed in 1969.^{[citation needed]} Whilst women formed an early part of the political party, by 1968 Kalthouma Nguembang was the only woman in the National Assembly.^[4]

In 1973 the party was renamed the "National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution" to consolidate support for Tombalbaye–who had changed his name to N'Garta–in the midst of a civil war.^[3] However, two years later Tombalbaye was overthrown in a coup and the party was banned in April 1975.^[2]

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Election	Party candidate	Votes	%	Result
1969	François Tombalbay	1,556,113	100%	Elected Y

National Assembly elections

Election	Party leader	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Position	Result
1957	François Tombalbaye	443,762 as part of Entente	83.4%	32 / 65	32	1st	Entente coalition government
1959		390,377	68.7%	57 / 84	25	1st	Supermajority government
1962		1,124,214	100%	85 / 85	28	1st	Sole legal party
1963		1,352,749	99.9%	75 / 75	10	1st	Sole legal party
1969		1,580,593	100%	101 / 101	26	1st	Sole legal party

Notes

Within the Entente, the Chadian Progressive Party won 32 seats, the Grouping of Rural and Independent Chadians won nine, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance won 7, Radicals and Radical Socialists won 7, the Independent Socialist Party of Chad won 1 in total the alliance won 57 seats

References

^ "Chad".
^ ^a ^b Chad: Defunct parties Archived April 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine EISA
^ ^a ^b Chad: Authoritarian regimes, elections and coups (1962–1996) Archived February 3, 2015, at the Wayback Machine EISA
^ jeremy, rich (2012), Akyeampong, Emmanuel K; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.), "Nguembang, Kaltouma", Dictionary of African Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5, retrieved 2021-01-20

[1] "Chad".

[EISA-2] Chad: Defunct parties Archived April 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine EISA

[EISA2-3] Chad: Authoritarian regimes, elections and coups (1962–1996) Archived February 3, 2015, at the Wayback Machine EISA

[4] remy, rich (2012), Akyeampong, Emmanuel K; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.), "Nguembang, Kaltouma", Dictionary of African Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5, retrieved 2021-01-20

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