The National Baseball Congress World Series or NBC World Series is an annual collegiate and semi-pro baseball tournament held in Wichita, Kansas. Satchel Paige, Don Sutton, Tom Seaver, Ozzie Smith, Tony Gwynn, Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens are just a few of the Major League Baseball stars who have played in the tournament.[1]
| NBC World Series | |
|---|---|
| Frequency | Annual |
| Location(s) | Wichita, Kansas, USA |
| Inaugurated | August 1935 (Lawrence Stadium, Wichita, Kansas, United States) |
| Most recent | August 2022 (Eck Stadium, Wichita, Kansas, United States) |
| Next event | August 3–12, 2023 (Eck Stadium, Wichita, Kansas, United States) |
| Participants | 16 NBC affiliated amateur teams qualify |
| Organized by | National Baseball Congress |
| Website | nbcbaseball |
When the national tournament started in 1935, participants were primarily town teams and industrial teams. Team rosters featured aging former minor league and major league ballplayers and players ineligible for major league baseball. In the mid-1960s team rosters transitioned to collegiate players, including prospects on the fast path to the major leagues.[2] In 1975, the NBC World Series began recognizing a tournament participant who went on to a major league career as Graduate of the Year.[1]
The first NBC World Series called the "Little World Series" was held August 13–27, 1935 at Lawrence Stadium in Wichita. National Baseball Congress founder Hap Dumont was director of the National Tournament Committee of Wichita that put on the tournament. Thirty-two teams were invited to the first national tournament. A focus was put on diversity with five teams classified as "integrated," one team consisted of Native American players and another of Japanese players.[3]
Future Baseball Hall of Famer Satchel Paige was signed to a $1,000 personal appearance contract for the 1935 tournament. A victim of the baseball color barrier, Paige was not eligible to play minor league or major league baseball. Paige won four games, striking out 60 batters while leading the Bismarck Churchills to the first NBC World Series championship. He was named MVP of the tournament.
Dumont recruited Baseball Hall of Fame member Honus Wagner as the guest of honor at the 1935 opening night banquet. In addition to Wagner, celebrity guests who have been honored at the opening night banquet include: Stan Musial, Mickey Mantle, Dizzy Dean, Connie Mack, Allie Reynolds, Fred Clarke and Rin Tin Tin.[4]
Teams bolstered by military service players dominated the WWII (1943–1945) and Korean War (1952–1955) tournaments. During these eras, major league players were serving at military bases across the country and playing for the base teams. 1953 World Series MVP Billy Martin played in the 1954 NBC World Series with the Goodland, Kansas Tigers. A new rule making major league "name" stars unavailable in National Baseball Congress tournaments was implemented following the 1955 NBC World Series.[5]
Notably, the Santa Barbara Foresters and the Seattle Studs have made up one or both of the teams in every championship game since 2005, save for 2007, 2009, 2017, and 2024.
NBC Champions
edit| Year | Champion | Runner-Up | MVP |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Hays Larks | Hutchinson Monarchs | Garrett Gruell (Hays) |
| 2023 | Hutchinson Monarchs[6] | Santa Barbara Foresters | Max Buettenback (Hutchinson) |
| 2022 | Santa Barbara Foresters | Hays Larks | Gavin Kash (Santa Barbara) |
| 2021 | Lonestar, Texas | Justin Eckhardt (Santa Barbara) | |
| 2020 | Cheney Diamond Dawgs | Sean Johnson (Santa Barbara) | |
| 2019 | Seattle Studs | Henry Cheney (Seattle) | |
| 2018 | Santa Barbara Foresters | NJCAA National Team | Patrick Mathis (Santa Barbara) |
| 2017 | Kansas Stars | Everett Merchants | Ryan Langerhans (Kansas) |
| 2016 | Santa Barbara Foresters | Hays Larks | Jacob Patterson (Santa Barbara) |
| 2015 | Seattle Studs | Haysville Aviators | Connor Savage (Seattle) |
| 2014 | Santa Barbara Foresters | Seattle Studs | Jon Duplantier (Santa Barbara) |
| 2013 | Seattle Studs | Wellington Heat | David Benson (Seattle) |
| 2012 | Santa Barbara Foresters | Seattle Studs | Zach Fish (Santa Barbara) |
| 2011 | Peninsula Oilers | Mitch Morrman (Santa Barbara) | |
| 2010 | Liberal Bee Jays | Seattle Studs | Paul Gonzalez (Liberal) |
| 2009 | El Dorado Broncos | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Jake Sabol (El Dorado) |
| 2008 | Santa Barbara Foresters | Seattle Studs | Kevin Keyes (Santa Barbara) |
| 2007 | Lake Havasu City Heat | Hays Larks | Brad Arnett (Havasu, Arizona Heat) |
| 2006 | Santa Barbara Foresters | Derby, Kansas Twins | Jon Qualls & Matt Whitaker (Derby) |
| 2005 | Prairie Gravel (IL) | Santa Barbara Foresters | Ryan Annetsberger (Prairie Gravel) |
| 2004 | Aloha Knights (OR) | Mat-Su Miners | Scott Simon (Mat-Su) |
| 2003 | Chinese Taipei | Santa Barbara Foresters | Chang-Wei Tu (Taipei) |
| 2002 | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Blake Gill (Fairbanks) |
| 2001 | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Hays Larks | Jeff Francis (Anchorage) |
| 2000 | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | Cory Metzler (Liberal) | |
| 1999 | Dallas, Texas Phillies | Peninsula Oilers | Marco Cunningham (Dallas) |
| 1998 | El Dorado Broncos | Nevada, Missouri Griffons | Jason Aspito (El Dorado) |
| 1997 | Mat-Su Miners | Jeff Juarez (Nevada) | |
| 1996 | El Dorado Broncos | Tacoma, Washington Timbers | Kevin Frederick (El Dorado) |
| 1995 | Team USA | Hays Larks | Lance Berkman (Hays) |
| 1994 | Peninsula Oilers | Wichita Broncos | Jesse Zepeda (Peninsula) |
| 1993 | Beatrice, Nebraska Bruins | Jeff Poor (Peninsula) | |
| 1992 | Midlothian, Illinois White Sox | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | Mike Kane (Midlothian) |
| 1991 | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Peninsula Oilers | Chris Hmielewski (Peninsula) |
| 1990 | Wichita Broncos | Midlothian, Illinois White Sox | Kirk Vucsko (Midlothian) |
| 1989 | Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivans | Jim Huslig (El Dorado, Kansas Broncos) | |
| 1988 | Everett, Washington Merchants | Midlothian, Illinois White Sox | Dave Wong (Everett) |
| 1987 | Mat-Su Miners | Wichita Broncos | Ken Kreimers (Mat-Su) |
| 1986 | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians | Steve Bales (Anchorage) |
| 1985 | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | North Pole Nicks | Kerry Richardson (Liberal) |
| 1984 | Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | Bill Bates (Grand Rapids) |
| 1983 | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Curtis Morgan (Grand Rapids) | |
| 1982 | Santa Maria, California Indians | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Dave Hengel (Santa Maria) |
| 1981 | Clarinda, Iowa A's | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | Keith Mucha (Clarinda) |
| 1980 | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Kevin McReynolds (Fairbanks) | |
| 1979 | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | Santa Maria, California Indians | Gary D'Onofrio (Liberal) |
| 1978 | Boulder Collegians | Rapid City, South Dakota Macy's Diesels | Bob Ferris (Boulder) |
| 1977 | Peninsula Oilers | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Bob Skube (Peninsula) |
| 1976 | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Greg Harris (Fairbanks) |
| 1975 | Boulder Collegians | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Mike Colbern (Boulder) |
| 1974 | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Boulder Collegians | Steve Kemp (Fairbanks) |
| 1973 | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | Lee Iorg (Fairbanks) | |
| 1972 | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Kerry Dineen (Fairbanks) | |
| 1971 | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Bruce Bochte (Anchorage) |
| 1970 | Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Al Gerhardt (Grand Rapids) |
| 1969 | Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | Chris Chambliss (Anchorage) |
| 1968 | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | Jackson, Mississippi Braves | Joe Tanner (Jackson) |
| 1967 | Boulder Collegians | Honolulu, Hawaii Islanders | Frank Duffy (Boulder) |
| 1966 | West Point, Mississippi Packers | Ray Henningsen (Boulder) | |
| 1965 | Wichita, Kansas Dreamliners | Liberal, Kansas BeeJays | Bob Boyd (Wichita Dreamliners) |
| 1964 | Wichita, Kansas Glassmen | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Dick Sanders (Wichita, Kansas Service Auto) |
| 1963 | Wichita, Kansas Dreamliners | Ponchatoula, Louisiana Athletics | Sam Suplizio (Fairbanks) |
| 1962 | Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks | Rocky Krsnich (Wichita, Kansas Rapid Transit) | |
| 1961 | Ponchatoula, Louisiana Athletics | Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians | Al Ware (Grand Rapids) |
| 1960 | Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians | Ponchatoula, Louisiana Athletics | Bob Seltzer (Tampa-Gibsonton, Florida) |
| 1959 | Houston, Texas Fed | Elgin, Illinois Athletics | Clyde Girrens (Wichita, Kansas Weller) |
| 1958 | Drain, Oregon Black Sox | Alpine, Texas Cowboys | Jim O'Rourke (Drain, Oregon Black Sox) |
| 1957 | Sinton, Texas Plymouth Oilers | Fort Wayne, Indiana Dairymen | Wilmer Fields (Fort Wayne) |
| 1956 | Fort Wayne, Indiana Dairymen | Deming, Washington Loggers | Clyde McCullough (Alpine, Texas Cowboys) |
| 1955 | Wichita, Kansas Boeing Bombers | Sinton, Texas Plymouth Oilers | Daryl Spencer (Boeing) |
| 1954 | Springfield, Missouri Generals | Don Lee (Casa Grande, Arizona Cotton Kings) | |
| 1953 | Fort Leonard Wood Hilltoppers | Wichita, Kansas Boeing Bombers | Robert McKee (Fort Leonard Wood) |
| 1952 | Fort Myer Military District of WA | Fort Leonard Wood Hilltoppers | Danny O'Connell (Fort Myer) |
| 1951 | Sinton, Texas Plymouth Oilers | Atwater, California Packers | Steve Rapach (Sinton) |
| 1950 | Fort Wayne, Indiana Capeharts | Elk City, Oklahoma Elks | Pat Scantlebury (Fort Wayne) |
| 1949 | Fort Wayne, Indiana G-E Club | Golden, Colorado Coors | Bill Ricks (Fort Wayne) |
| 1948 | Elkin, North Carolina Chatham Blanketeers | Veo Story (Elkin) | |
| 1947 | Golden, Colorado Coors | Bruno Konopka (Golden) | |
| 1946 | St. Joseph, Michigan Auscos | Carmichael, California Firemen | Les Lollis (Carmichael) |
| 1945 | Enid Army Air Field | Orlando Army Air Base | Cot Deal (Enid) |
| 1944 | Sherman Field, Kansas Flyers | Enid Army Air Field | |
| 1943 | Camp Wheeler, Georgia Spokes | George Archie (Fort Riley, Kansas CRTC) | |
| 1942 | Wichita, Kansas Boeing Bombers | Waco, Texas Dons | Ed Borom (Boeing Bombers) |
| 1941 | Enid, Oklahoma Champlins | Red Barkley (Enid) | |
| 1940 | Mount Pleasant, Texas Cubs | Vance Cauble (Enid) | |
| 1939 | Duncan, Oklahoma Halliburtons | Roy Helser (Silverton, Oregon Red Sox) | |
| 1938 | Buford, Georgia Bona Allens | Enid, Oklahoma Eason Oilers | Andy Johnson (Buford) |
| 1937 | Enid, Oklahoma Eason Oilers | Buford, Georgia Bona Allens | Claude Gilchrist (Enid) |
| 1936 | Duncan, Oklahoma Halliburtons | Harry White (Duncan) | |
| 1935 | Bismarck, North Dakota Churchills | Duncan, Oklahoma Halliburtons | Satchel Paige (Bismarck) |
NBC Graduate of the Year
edit| Year | Player | MLB Team | NBC Team(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | C. J. Cron | Los Angeles Angels | |
| 2021 | Jeff McNeil | New York Mets | Santa Barbara Foresters (2010 & 2011) |
| 2020 | Tim Anderson | Chicago White Sox | Dodge City A's |
| 2019 | Jed Lowrie | New York Yankees | Anchorage Glacier Pilots (2011) |
| 2018 | Aaron Judge | New York Yankees | Anchorage Glacier Pilots (2011) |
| 2017 | Danny Valencia | Baltimore Orioles | Anchorage Glacier Pilots (2005) |
| 2016 | Ian Kinsler | Detroit Tigers | Liberal BeeJays (2001) |
| 2015 | Hunter Pence | San Francisco Giants | Liberal BeeJays (2003) |
| 2012 | Michael Young | Texas Rangers | Alaska Goldpanners (1996) |
| 2011 | Heath Bell | San Diego Padres | El Dorado Broncos (1997) |
| 2010 | Mark Teixeira | New York Yankees | Maryland Battlecats (1998) |
| 2009 | Tim Lincecum | San Francisco Giants | Seattle Studs (2004) |
| 2008 | Joba Chamberlain | New York Yankees | Beatrice Bruins (2004 & 2005) |
| 2007 | Jeff Francis | Colorado Rockies | Anchorage Glacier Pilots (2001) |
| 2006 | B. J. Ryan | Toronto Blue Jays | Hays Larks (1996) |
| 2005 | Morgan Ensberg | Houston Astros | Santa Barbara Foresters (1996) |
| 2004 | Nate Robertson | Detroit Tigers | El Dorado Broncos (1996 & 1998) |
| 2003 | Albert Pujols | St. Louis Cardinals | Hays Larks (1999) |
| 2002 | Lance Berkman | Houston Astros | Hays Larks (1995) |
| 2001 | Luis Gonzalez | Arizona Diamondbacks | North Pole Nicks (1987) |
| 2000 | Eric Karros | Los Angeles Dodgers | North Pole Nicks (1987) |
| 1999 | Trevor Hoffman | San Diego Padres | Nevada Griffons (1987) |
| 1998 | Robin Ventura | Chicago White Sox | Santa Marian Indians (1986) |
| 1997 | Brett Butler | Los Angeles Dodgers | OK City Utility Towers (1977)/Hutchinson Broncos (1978) |
| 1996 | Chuck Knoblauch | Minnesota Twins | Clarinda A's (1987) |
| 1995 | Mark Grace | Chicago Cubs | North Pole Nicks (1985) |
| 1994 | Jimmy Key | New York Yankees | Kenai Peninsula Oilers (1981) |
| 1993 | Barry Bonds | San Francisco Giants | Fairbanks Goldpanners (1983)/Hutchinson Broncos (1984) |
| 1992 | Andy Benes | San Diego Padres | Clarinda A's (1987) |
| 1991 | Bob Welch | Oakland A's | Boulder Collegians (1976) |
| 1990 | John Olerud | Toronto Blue Jays | Kenai Peninsula Oilers (1988) |
| 1989 | Rafael Palmeiro | Texas Rangers | Hutchinson Broncos (1984) |
| 1988 | Mark McGwire | Oakland A's | Anchorage Glacier Pilots (1982) |
| 1987 | Joe Carter | Cleveland Indians | Boulder Collegians (1979) |
| 1986 | Roger Clemens | Boston Red Sox | Hutchinson Broncos (1982) |
| 1985 | Tony Gwynn | San Diego Padres | Boulder Collegians (1980) |
| 1984 | Ron Kittle | Chicago White Sox | Chicago AHEPA (1978) |
| 1983 | Dave Stieb | Toronto Blue Jays | Kenai Peninsula Oilers (1977 & 1978) |
| 1982 | Steve Rogers | Montreal Expos | Liberal Bee Jays (1980) |
| 1981 | Steve Kemp | Pittsburgh Pirates | Liberal BeeJays (1973)/Fairbanks (1974) |
| 1980 | Bruce Bochte | Oakland A's | Humboldt Crabs (1969)/Anchorage Glacier Pilots (1971) |
| 1979 | Dave Winfield | San Diego Padres | Fairbanks Goldpanners (1971 & 1972) |
| 1978 | Ron Guidry | New York Yankees | Liberal Bee Jays (1970) |
| 1977 | Chris Chambliss | Atlanta Braves | Anchorage Glacier Pilots (1969) |
| 1976 | Randy Jones | New York Mets | Anchorage Glacier Pilots (1971) |
| 1975 | Mike Hargrove | Cleveland Indians | Liberal BeeJays (1972) |
Since 1975 the NBC World Series has recognized a former participant as "Graduate of the Year".[9]
History
editFounder
editFounder Raymond Harry "Hap" Dumont (1904–1971) spent his career working in sports. Early in life, he was a sports editor for newspapers in Wichita and Hutchinson. He also promoted boxing and wrestling matches. When the opportunity arose, he sold sporting equipment, succeeding in the mail-order business even as the great depression lingered.[10]
Dumont got his start promoting baseball with a game between circus clowns and firemen in 1925. Kansas had blue laws at the time that limited business activities on Sundays; that included the circus but not baseball. Sparks Bros Circus clowns and roustabouts inquired about playing a local baseball team to earn some extra money on their day off. Dumont setup the game at Island Park located on Ackerman Island in Wichita. Abe Goldstein, a famous clown, performed on the field and in the stands. The clowns did not provide all of the tricks as the Firemen's centerfielder patrolled the outfield on the back of a motorcycle driven by a policeman. A sellout crowd of 3,500 turned out to see the game.[11][12][13]
Island Park burnt down in 1933 when a cigarette ignited the wooden structure. Without a venue to host his baseball games, Dumont petitioned the city of Wichita for a W.P.A. project to construct a new stadium. He presented an idea for a national, semi-professional baseball tournament to be held in Wichita. An idea that had not occurred to Dumont prior to the conversation.[13] Lawrence Stadium was constructed prior to the 1934 baseball season. In 1978, Lawrence Stadium was renamed Lawrence-Dumont Stadium in honor of Dumont.[14]
Dumont continued to use gimmicks to promote his baseball tournaments. Games were held early in the morning when graveyard shifts ended. An emphasis was put on "wumps", women umpires. One rule allowed the batter to run to either first or third base when the bases were unoccupied. Dumont had a microphone installed at home plate. When activated the microphone would rise up from the ground, allowing arguments at the plate to be broadcast to the whole stadium. To keep games moving at a rapid pace, he implemented an air device that could dust home plate. A timer with a buzzer was installed on the outfield wall. If either team took more than 90 seconds between innings or 20 seconds between pitches, a ball or strike was awarded to penalize the offender[13][15]
In 1945, Dumont created a national uproar with a plan for a global tournament. Just five days after Japan surrendered in World War II, Dumont announced his plan for a September tournament that would include an invitation to Japan. Dumont quickly withdrew the proposal and the tournament was not held.[16] Five years later with the authorization of General Douglas MacArthur, the series was held in Tokyo and Osaka Japan.[17]
Dumont died in his office on July 3, 1971 while preparing for the 1971 National Baseball Congress World Series.[18] His wife, Anne Dumont, retained ownership of the National Baseball Congress with Larry Davis leading the organization.[19]
National Baseball Congress
editThe National Baseball Congress is best known for promoting amateur baseball games, but their reach extended beyond the games. The National Baseball Congress printed an Official Baseball Annual that included two hundred pages of rules and records. A pocket size version of baseball rules was also printed. Certification was provided for umpires, scorers and leagues through the National Baseball Congress. Player contracts were tracked via a national system to prevent "team jumping". The organization also sold trophies, medals, baseballs, umpire equipment and even insurance.[13]
Wichita businessman Dee Hubbard purchased the National Baseball Congress in 1972, following the death of Hap Dumont. The organization was renamed National Baseball Congress of America.[20]
State Tournaments
editIn 1931, Dumont established the Kansas Invitation Baseball Tournament to determine a semi-pro champion in the state of Kansas. Thirty-two teams were invited to the inaugural event, a single elimination tournament held at Island Park in Wichita.[21] Abilene won the first Kansas tournament.[22]
Additional state tournaments were organized in the following years, eventually including all fifty states. When the national tournament, NBC World Series, was established in 1935 the state tournament champions qualified for the national tournament.[23]
The state tournaments eventually became qualifying tournaments to regional tournaments, rather than the national tournament. Regional tournament champions qualified for the national tournament.[24]
Global Tournaments
editWith district, state, regional and a national tournament in place, Dumont set out to establish a non-professional global tournament. He started in 1939, with a seven-game series between the NBC World Series champion representing the United States and the Puerto Rico national champion from Guayama. In 1948, a Can-Am Series with Canada was billed as the Sandlot Baseball World Series. 1950 and 1952 matched the NBC World Series champion against Japan in the Inter-Hemisphere Series.[25]
International Series
| Year | United States | Opponent | Location | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1952 | Fort Myer, Virginia Colonials | Japan, Osaka All-Kanebo | Korakuen Stadium (3) and Osaka, Japan (2) | Fort Myer in 5 Games[26] |
| 1950 | Fort Wayne, Indiana General Electrics | Japan, Osaka All-Kanebo | Korakuen Stadium (3) and Osaka, Japan (2) | Fort Wayne in 5 Games[27] |
| 1949 | Fort Wayne, Indiana Kekiongas | Canada, Kitchener, Ontario Legionnaires | Fort Wayne, Indiana | Fort Wayne in 6 Games. Spring 1950.[28] |
| 1948 | Fort Wayne, Indiana General Electrics | Canada, London Majors | Labatt Park | London in 7 Games[29] |
| 1940 | Enid, Oklahoma Champlins | Puerto Rico, Guayama Brujos | Sixto Escobar Stadium | Enid in 7 Games[30] |
| 1939 | Duncan, Oklahoma Halliburtons | Puerto Rico, Guayama Brujos | Sixto Escobar Stadium | Guayama in 7 Games[31] |
In 1955, a non-professional Global Series was organized. Teams representing Canada, Columbia, Hawaii (a U.S. Territory until 1959), Holland, Japan, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Spain played in the eight team tournament. The NBC World Series champion represented the United States.[32][33] The Global Series only lasted three seasons.
Global Series 1955–1957
| Year | Champion | Runner-Up | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1957 | Japan, Kumagai Gumi[34][35] | Canada, Edmonton Eskimos | Briggs Stadium |
| 1956 | United States, Fort Wayne, Indiana Allen Dairy[36] | Hawaii, Honolulu Red Sox | Milwaukee County Stadium |
| 1955 | United States, Wichita, Kansas Boeing Bombers[37] | Hawaii, Honolulu Red Sox | Milwaukee County Stadium |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "MLB Alumni". NBC Baseball.
- ^ Broeg, Bob (January 1989). Baseball's Barnum. Wichita State University. p. 144. ASIN B000N5TG6G.
- ^ Broeg, Bob (January 1989). Baseball's Barnum. Wichita State University. p. 42. ASIN B000N5TG6G.
- ^ Broeg, Bob (January 1989). Baseball's Barnum. Wichita State University. p. 180. ASIN B000N5TG6G.
- ^ "Big League Stars Out". The Wichita Eagle and Beacon. July 26, 1955. p. 17.
- ^ "Monarchs Baseball Home Page". MonarchsBaseball.org.
- ^ "NBC World Series Champions". NBC Baseball.
- ^ "NBC Baseball MVPs". NBC Baseball.
- ^ "Graduate of the Year". NBC Baseball.
- ^ Broeg, Bob (January 1989). Baseball's Barnum. Wichita State University. pp. 8–9. ASIN B000N5TG6G.
- ^ "FAMOUS CLOWN WILL ENTERTAIN FANS". The Wichita Daily Eagle. August 11, 1925. p. 14.
- ^ "FIREMEN TO STAGE NOVEL BASEBALL STUNTS SUNDAY". The Wichita Daily Eagle. August 16, 1925. pp. 14–15.
- ^ a b c d Dilsaver, Dick (August 15, 1968). "Ray Dumont Parallels Barnum With Promotions of Baseball". The Wichita Eagle. p. 25.
- ^ Wichita Beacon Staff. "Stadium is Renamed", The Wichita Beacon, May 23, 1978, p.26.
- ^ Lardner, John. "From the Press Box", Evening Star, August 15, 1940, p.46.
- ^ U.P. "CELLER BLASTS DUMONTS PROPOSAL", The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 20, 1945, p.11.
- ^ Grayson, Harry. "Inter-Hemisphere Baseball Tourney Planned in Japan", Shamokin News-Dispatch, June 5, 1950, p.10.
- ^ Mullen, Dale. "Ray Dumont Wichita Baseball Promoter Dies", The Wichita Beacon, July 4, 1971, pp.1,9.
- ^ Stewart, Bob. "Davis to Guide NBC Programs", The Wichita Beacon, July 11, 1971, p.51.
- ^ Hodge, Bill (February 3, 1972). "Final Chapter of Dumonts Long Career Unfolds With Sale of Baseball Congress". The Wichita Eagle. p. 30.
- ^ "STATES BEST BALL CLUBS IN TOURNEY FOR KANSAS TITLE". The Wichita Eagle. August 2, 1931. p. 21.
- ^ "Abilene Wins Baseball Tourney". The Wichita Eagle. August 17, 1931. p. 2.
- ^ "OUTLINE PROGRAM OF NATIONAL MEET". The Wichita Eagle. September 8, 1935. p. 24.
- ^ "NBC: Same Goals Only Streamlined". The Wichita Eagle and Beacon. July 13, 1975. p. 6E.
- ^ Martin, Whitney (September 1, 1939). "Duncan Champions Gape Gasp At Big City Then Sail Away". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 31.
- ^ "Calderone Stars As Myer Wins 9–1". Daily Press. September 18, 1952. p. 8.
- ^ Lightner, Pete (September 22, 1950). "Capeharts Praise Japanese Fans". The Wichita Eagle. p. 8.
- ^ "Fort Wayne Wins Baseball Crown". The Sault Star. May 13, 1950. p. 12.
- ^ "London Majors Rip Voltmen". The Wichita Eagle. September 30, 1948. p. 12.
- ^ "Enid Defeats Puerto Rico". The Wichita Eagle. October 2, 1940. p. 10.
- ^ "DUNCAN IS TWICE DEFEATED SUNDAY BY PUERTO RICO". The Wichita Eagle. September 18, 1939. p. 8.
- ^ "Milwaukee Host to Global Series". The Capital Times. September 7, 1955. p. 19.
- ^ "Global Series Opens Friday". The Wichita Eagle. September 2, 1956. p. 23.
- ^ Fleming, Don (September 19, 1957). "Japan's Tiny Terror Osawa Rips Ball Crown Hopes Away From Esks". Edmonton Journal. p. 12.
- ^ "Japan Nine Here For Games Sunday". The Honolulu Advertiser. September 26, 1957. p. 47.
- ^ "GLOBAL CHAMPIONS AND SPOILS". The Wichita Eagle. September 15, 1956. p. 20.
- ^ Lightner, Pete (September 30, 1955). "Boeing Whips Hawaii in 11th for Global Title". The Wichita Eagle. p. 13.
External links
edit- NBC Baseball website