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National Crime Records Bureau

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National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is an Indian government agency responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Special and Local Laws (SLL). NCRB is headquartered in New Delhi and is part of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) under the Government of India. Vivek Gogia (IPS) is the current Director of the National Crime Record Bureau.

National Crime Records Bureau
Agency overview
Formed11 March 1986; 38 years ago (1986-03-11)
JurisdictionGovernment of India
HeadquartersDelhi - 110037
MottoEmpowering Indian Police with Information Technology
Agency executive
  • Alok Ranjan[1], Director
Parent departmentMinistry of Home Affairs
Key document
Websitencrb.gov.in

NCRB was set up in 1986 to function as a repository of information on crime and criminals so as to assist investigators in linking crime to the perpetrators. It was set up based on the recommendation of the Task force, 1985 and the National Police Commission, 1977 by merging the Directorate of Coordination and Police Computer (DCPC), Inter State Criminals Data Branch of CBI and Central Finger Print Bureau of CBI, Earlier Statistical Branch of Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) was also merged with NCRB, but was later de-merged.[2]

Mission

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  • To provide Indian Police with Information Technology and Criminal Intelligence to enable them to uphold law and protect people.
  • To provide leadership and excellence in crime analysis particularly related to serious and organized crime.

Objectives

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  1. Create and maintain a secure and shareable National Database on crimes and criminals for law enforcement agencies to use in cooperation and promote its use for public service delivery as well.
  2. Collect and process crime statistics at the national level and clearing house of information on crime and criminals both at National and International levels.
  3. Led and coordinated the development of IT applications and created an enabling IT environment for Police organizations.
  4. National repository of fingerprints of all criminals.
  5. To evaluate, modernize, and promote automation in the State Crime Records Bureau and State Finger Print Bureau.
  6. Training and capacity building in Police Forces in Information Technology and Finger Print Science.

Evolution of NCRB

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Year Event
1986 NCRB Created
1987 Motor Vehicle Coordination software (Lost and Found)
1990 Commencement of training for Foreign Police Officers
1991 Portrait Building System (PBS) developed (Colour PBS in 2011)
1993 7 IIF forms finalized.
1995 FACTS and CCIS Implementation (Windows based CCIS in 2001 & FACTS-5 in 2005)
1999 Talash software for matching of missing and dead persons
2003 Counterfeit Currency (FICN)Software released
2004 Common Integrated Police Application (CIPA)
2005 Organized Crime System software
2009 CCTNS Approval
2013 CCTNS Pilot Launch & CAS STQC certified
2014 Revised Proforma and software for Crime in India, Motor Vehicle Coordination System(MVCS) Online version released
2016 Digital India Award - Silver Medal in Open Championship category (Digitization of Crime in India since 1967)
2017 Digital Police Portal launched

Crime and criminal tracking network and systems

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Crime and Criminal Information System (CCIS) was implemented at the district level from about 1995–2004. Common Integrated Police Application (CIPA) was implemented at the police station level during the period 2004–2009 in three phases. Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) is approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on June 19th, 2009

Objectives

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  • Creating State and Central-level databases on crime and criminals.
  • Enable easy real-time information/ intelligence sharing across police stations, districts and States.
  • Improved investigation and crime prevention.
  • Improved service delivery to the public/ stakeholders through Citizen Portals.

Current status

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No Activity as on 30.06.2018 %
1. No. of PSs where CCTNS HW/SW deployed 94
2. No. of PSs having Network Connectivity 92
3. Legacy Data Migration completed 89
4. Entry of IIFs (1-6) in CAS in June 2018 74
5. Citizen Portal launched 35/36 States

Citizen Portal

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Various services as enlisted below are being provided/ proposed to be provided in the Citizen Portals of CCTNS.

  1. Filing of Complaints
  2. Obtaining the copies of FIRs.
  3. Obtaining the status of the complaint/ FIR.
  4. Details of arrested persons/ wanted criminals & their illegal activities.
  5. Details of missing/ kidnapped persons and their matching with arrested, unidentified persons and dead bodies.
  6. Details of stolen/ recovered vehicles, arms and other properties.
  7. Verification requests for servants, employment, passport, senior citizen registrations etc.
  8. Requests for issue/renewal of various NOCs / Permits/ Clearances
  9. Portal for sharing information and enabling citizens to down load required forms.

Inter-operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS)

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ICJS has been mandated for integrating CCTNS (Police) with e-Courts, e-prisons, Forensics, Finger Print Bureaux and Prosecution, which are the key components of the Criminal Justice System. Implementation of ICJS will ensure quick data transfer among different pillars of criminal justice system.

Crime records matching

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The main objective of the Crime Records Branch is to collect, collate, and disseminate information on Crime, Criminals, Persons, and Property for matching purposes. The branch utilizes the following software systems:

  • VahanSamanvay is an online Motor Vehicle Coordination System for coordinating stolen and recovered motor vehicles across the country. The main stakeholders are the police, RTOs, and Insurance sector. The general public also benefits from this system.
  • Talash Information System - This system is used to maintain and coordinate information on Missing, Traced, and Unidentified persons and unidentified dead bodies.
  • Fake Indian Currency Notes System (FICN) - It is an online system for the compilation of fake Indian currency data. Police, Banks, Investigating agencies, other intelligence agencies and Ministries are stakeholders of this system.
  • Fire Arms Coordination System - This system is used for the coordination of missing/stolen and recovered firearms.
  • Color Portrait Building System - This system is used to create portraits of suspects based on the description given by victims and eyewitnesses.
  • Since 2011, 600 persons (live & dead) have been united with their families by matching photographs and other physical features.
  • Since launch of online application "VahanSamanvay" in 2014 till date 14,14,055 data has been captured and 30,577 Stolen vehicles have been matched from different states.

Crime statistics

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NCRB brings out three annual reports i.e. Crime in India, Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India and Prison Statistics India. These reports are principal reference points for police officers, researchers, media & policy makers.

Besides, the Bureau also collects Crime and Anti-human Trafficking statistics on a monthly basis. The complete software package of ‘Monthly Crime Statistics’ was released in December 2016.

After extensive and exhaustive deliberation with various stakeholders, the proforma for Crime in India, Monthly Crime Statistics, and Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India were revised in the year 2014.

NCRB has developed application software for Crime in India (CII), Monthly Crime Statistics (MCS), Accidental Deaths & Suicide in India (ADSI), and Prison Statistics of India (PSI). The Bureau is also conducting Training of Trainers (ToT) on Crime in India and Accidental Death & Suicide in India and Prison Statistics India for officials of SCRBx and Prison Departments of States/UTs.

NCRB has been conferred with Digital India Awards 2016 in open data championship category with Silver on 9 December 2016 for the updation of more than 3,000 datasets on Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India in open source format. NCRB has digitized ‘Crime in India’ since 1967 and Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India since 1998. The digitized data have been made available on national data portal https://data.gov.in.

As director, NCRB is designated as the National Focal Point for United Nations Surveys on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (UN-CTS). On behalf of the Government of India, NCRB is selected as a Member of the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) of the international Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS).

Central fingerprint bureau

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The World's First Finger Print Bureau was set up in Calcutta in 1897. A CFPB was established at Shimla in 1905, however it was closed in 1922 as a result of retrenchment proposals of the Inchcape Committee. The Present CFPB came into existence in 1955 under the administrative control of Intelligence Bureau at Delhi. It was relocated to Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1956. The administrative control of CFPB shifted to Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in 1973, and since July, 1986, this has been under the administrative control of NCRB.

Objectives

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  1. To maintain Finger Print record slips of the accused person convicted in various Acts.
  2. To conduct search relating to unidentified Interstate arrested/suspected persons received from police stations and other investigating agencies in India.
  3. To maintain the fingerprints of international criminals and red corner notices sent by Interpol and to conduct search on references received from foreign countries, through Interpol.
  4. To undertake examination of questioned finger impressions on documents received from Central Government Departments/ Undertakings/Courts of law.
  5. To impart training in Fingerprint Science to State/Central Police personnel and also to personnel from foreign countries under `Technical Co- Operation Scheme' (TCS) of Colombo Plan, 'Special Commonwealth African Assistance Plan' (SCAAP) and `International Technical and Economic Co-Operation' (ITEC).
  6. To co-ordinate the work of the State Finger Print Bureau and give necessary guidance in all matters relating to Fingerprint Science.
  7. To conduct the All India Conference of Directors of Finger Print Bureau.
  8. To conduct All India Board Examination annually for accrediting Finger Print Experts.
  9. To conduct competition in Finger Print science at the All India Police Duty Meet held annually.

CFPB Evolution

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1897 First Finger Print Bureau of the world was set up in Calcutta (now Kolkata)
1905 Central Finger Print Bureau was established at Shimla
1922 CFPB closed Inchcape Committee
1951 Conference of DIGs, CID Recommendation for re-establishment of CFPB
1955 CFPB re-established under Intelligence Bureau in Delhi
1956 CFPB relocated to Calcutta(now Kolkata)
1958 All India Board Examination for Finger Print Experts
1973 Administrative control of CFPB shifted to Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
1986 NCRB was formed with administrative control of CFPB
1992 First version of "Fingerprint Analysis & Criminal Tracing System"(FACTS) installed
1995 FACTS - 3 operationalized
1997 Finger Print in India Publication
2007 FACTS - 5 operationalized
2017 NAFIS (As part of ICJS)

Activities

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1. Automated Finger Print Identification System (AFIS)

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The CFPB has pioneered the automation of fingerprints through its Automated Finger Print Identification System (AFIS) in 1992. This software was jointly developed by NCRB and CMC Ltd. and named as "Fingerprint Analysis & Criminal Tracing System" (FACTS). Currently CFPB is maintaining 10,93,408 Ten Digit Finger Print Record slips of convicted and arrested persons.

These Finger Print Slips (Record) and Finger Print Slips (Search) are received from the Finger Print Bureau of various States/Union Territories and also from the police stations.

Activity 2014 2015 2016
Record slips 36,680 34,490 68,557
PID slips 22,440 20,643 6,043
Traced slips 3,955 3,346 931
Trace  % 17.6 16.2 15.4
Chance prints 77 283 379
Traced prints NIL NIL 1
Document cases 40 55 71
Prints examined 3,960 15,118 1,637

During the calendar 2016, in addition to the above, 151 Search references were also received from Interpol Division of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), New Delhi and 1620 slips for record.

CFPB receives number of finger print document cases, from Government departments, courts of law, banks, post offices, investigation agencies etc. for expert opinion.

2. All India Board Examination of Finger Print Experts

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The All India Board Examination is conducted every year at C.F.P.B. The Board, consists of Director, CFPB as chairman and two technical heads of the State F.P.Bx. as members. CFPB make all arrangements for conducting theory, practical & viva-voce of this examination.

The successful candidates are awarded certificates. Those who secure 1st, 2nd and 3rd places a Cash prize also.

The Aziz ul Haque rolling trophy is also awarded to the topper of the AIBE.

Passing this examination is mandatory to become Finger Print Expert who is competent to give evidence in the Court of Law.

3. Training

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Each year, CFPB New Delhi conducts 5 to 6 one-week training programmes for Indian Police Officers in Fingerprint Science. The Kolkata Unit of CFPB conducts an 18-week Proficiency course in Fingerprint Science twice a year. During the last four years, 266 Indian Police Officers have been trained.

CFPB/NCRB also conducts two 12-week courses and Four 8-week Courses for foreign police officers under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) and Special Commonwealth African Assistance Program (SCAAP) of the Ministry of External Affairs. Around 75 foreign officers are trained every year under this program, and 270 foreign police officers have been trained during the last four years.

Foreign Trainees of 25th Advanced course on IT in Law Enforcement & 21st Advanced Fingerprint Science & IT from (2nd January to 24th March 2017) with Director Dr Ish Kumar and other senior officers of NCRB

4. Publication

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CFPB also compiles data collected from Finger Print Bureau of States/UT on standard Annual Statistics Report format, and publishes the -Finger Print in India since 1997. This is the principal resource document for all concerned.

5. All India Conference of Directors of Finger Print Bureau

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The All India Conference of Directors of Finger Print Bureau of States/UTs, is an annual conference as mandated by the MHA. It is being held annually by CFPB (NCRB) to deliberate on recent trends in the field of finger print science and other priority issues concerning finger print fraternity of the nation. This conference was started in the year 1980 at New Delhi and is being hosted at different locations in the Country. The Government of India completely funds it. The 18th edition of the conference is being held at HPA, Madhuban, Haryana on 30 and 31 March 2017.

The "Award of Excellence" competition is conducted to identify excellent work performed by FP Experts in States/UTs. Three cash rewards of Rs.10,000/=, Rs.7,500/=, and Rs.5000/= are given during the conference.

6. All India Board Police Duty Meet

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CFPB is participating in All India Police Duty Meet (AIPDM) for conducting Finger Print Test to judge the acumen and knowledge of participating police personnel in the field.

Some Success Stories
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1. The Interpol had requested CFPB to compare finger print and demographic details of BARRIOS GUARIN Jose Mauricio with existing records in connection with Identification of an International Fugitive wanted for Homicide in Colombia (South America) vide Ref. No. 203/2010F. It was ascertained that the fingerprint of BARRIOS GUARIN Jose Mauricio was IDENTICAL with the Right Index (RI) finger impression present on the specimen 10-digit F.P. slip of MAITA RODRIGUEZ Perd Alejandro, hence the two finger prints were found to be of one and the same person.

2. A fingerprint slip pertaining to one Singh Iqbal was forwarded by Interpol for record purpose. This slip was processed in FACTS (CFPB-AFIS) and was found to be a ‘trace’ against a record slip archived with CFPB PIN 604744. The successful search brought to light the criminal antecedents of the subjected person, who was convicted in pursuance of criminal case registered vide FIR No. 34 dated 24.09.1996 in the court of SDJM, Nabha on 20.09.2000 U/s 324/34 IPC

3. Interpol search slip from New Zealand Police vide Case Reference No. A&SP/New Zealand/FP /2016/454 Dt. 12-02-2016 was traced against the F.P. slip bearing PID No. 90474919 present in CFPB data base, of one Arvinder Pal Singh S/o Malkeet Singh R/o H. No. 53, Professor Enclave, opposite Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab.

4. The NIA suspected that N.Shanti Metei chief of PREPAK (UPPK), a banned terrorist organization active in anti-national activities was using forged documents, and false identities, Thorough comparison of the fingerprints of T. Hemanta Sharma on land agreements, sale deeds etc., and specimen fingerprints of N.Shanti Metei, proved that N. Shanti Metei used a pseudonym for illegal purchases.

5. The Ordnance Factory, Ministry of Defence, Raipur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, doubted the authenticity of the final list of 54-candidates selected through written and trade tests conducted by them. The CFPB compared the finger prints of all provisionally selected candidates, After thorough examination, the expert in the Bureau was able to discern, that in three cases the finger impressions were different, from one another, indicating impersonation on the part of the candidates.

6. Document case received from Dy. Director of Income Tax (inv.) relating to a search and seizure operation u/s 132 of the Income Tax Act 1961 in a case of M/s National Enterprises and Group and recovered some documents.. The documents consisted of 1536 pages with eight to twelve thumb prints on each page (i.e. over 12000 prints in total). After examination of the document, CFPB experts were able to establish that all the prints were given by 8 to 10 fingers only indicating fraudulent payment of approximately 2.25 crores. Approximately 40% finger impressions were faint, blurred or partial.

7. A total of fifty five (55) fingerprint slips for establishing identity were received in FACTS (CFPB-AFIS) from Uttarakhand State police Department. The slips carried fingerprints of Unidentified Dead Bodies (UDBs). Majority of fingerprints were faint, smudged, or partial. All the slips required additional computer based enhancement efforts to make them decipherable for comparison by the system. Out of the 55 slips, one unidentified dead body fingerprint slip matched with the slip of one Jamil S/o. Mustaq of P.S. Kithore, Meerut, U.P. The successful input of UDB Fingerprint slip (CFPB PIN No. 90440105) followed by trace with slip bearing PIN 90423149, revealed the antecedents of the subjected person - Jamil was convicted in pursuance of criminal case registered vide FIR No. 60 dated 19-03-2013 U/S 363 IPC of ODRS police station.

Training branch

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Each year Training branch conducts on an average 20-25 training programmes for Indian Police Officers of the duration of 1 week on the subjects like CCTNS, Advanced Fingerprint Science, Network & e-Security etc. NCRB also conducts the courses on "Training of Trainers" for development of training resource persons in subjects like Basic Crime Analysis, Windows 2000 & SQL Server, Network & e-Security, Linux and CCTNS.

NCRB also conducts two courses of 12 weeks duration and four courses of 8 weeks duration for Foreign Police Officers under Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) and Special Commonwealth African Assistance Programme (SCAAP) of Ministry of External Affairs. Different programmes viz., Cyber Crime & Network Security, Advanced Fingerprint Science, IT in Law Enforcement, Advanced Course on IT in Law Enforcement and Advanced Fingerprint Science and IT are conducted for these officers. Every year, on an average more than 125 officers from 20 to 25 countries from Latin America, Africa, South Asia and Middle East attend these programmes. Special Training Programmes have been conducted for Afghanistan & Mongolian Police Officers on Fingerprint Science.

Regional Police Computer Training Centre (RPCTC)

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Four RPCTCs in Hyderabad, Gandhi Nagar, Lucknow and Kolkata conduct similar courses for lower functionaries of Indian Police. NCRB provides funds to these centres for faculty, stationery, training material and infrastructure including computer hardware, software etc.

Training

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Course conducted
since 1986 		No. of
Courses 		No. of persons trained
Indian 797 14584
Foreign 75 1496
4 RPCTCs 1287 29901

Revelations from Crime Statistics

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The NCRB data 2020 brought out glaring statistics that pointed out married men committed more suicide due to family problems. The statistics went further to point out that one man commits suicide every 5 minutes. [3][4]

The Crime Records also pointed out a very pertinent fact that over 74% of rape cases and 80% dowry cases filed in India, end in acquittal which suggest there is a growing trend of false cases being filed by women against men to meet their needs and use the Gender Biased Laws[5] to their favor. Interpreting the statistics and also drawing inferences from their own lessons, Delhi High Court pointed out that there is an alarming rise in false rape cases in India,nd this must be checked at the earliest. [6]

News Letter

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The Training Branch also compiles and publishes a quarterly publication named NCRB New Letter, which is circulated to the police fraternity to inform them about NCRB achievements/activities.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Alok Ranjan Appointed NCRB Chief, Amit Garg To Head National Police Academy". News18. 21 September 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  2. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ "One man commits suicide every 5 minutes, NCRB suicide data 2020 indicates more men committing suicide in family problem". Men Helpline Org. 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  4. ^ Rampal, Nikhil (15 November 2021). "Many more people commit suicide due to bad marriage than divorce, NCRB data shows". ThePrint. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  5. ^ Maheshwari, Urvi (9 June 2015). "9 Gender-Biased Indian Laws That Are Unfair Towards Men". www.scoopwhoop.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  6. ^ Singh, Soibam Rocky (22 August 2021). "Delhi High Court expresses worry over 'alarming increase' of false rape cases". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
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