The Mohmand (Pashto: مومند) or Momand is a prominent tribe of Pashtun people.[1]
مومند | |
|---|---|
| Languages | |
| Pashto | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam |
Distribution
editThey are based primarily in the Mohmand territory, which is located in Nangarhar, Afghanistan and Mohmand Agency, Pakistan. In Afghanistan, their areas of presence include Nangarhar, Ghazni, Kunar, Logar and Kunduz. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa they predominantly reside in the Mohmand Agency (formerly part of the Tribal Areas), with others later settling in Charsadda, Mardan and Peshawar District.[2][3][4]
History
editThe Mohmand Ghoryakhel originally lived in the present-day Mohmand region, as well as in areas of Kandahar, Ghazni, Ghor, and between the basins of the Tarnak, Oxus and Indus rivers, along the present Afghanistan-Pakistan border.
Ghoryakhel consists of tribes led by the son of Kand, son of Kharshbun, son of Sarban, and son of Qais Abdur Rashid, who lived in Ghwara Marghay Arghistan Qandahar, mostly in Ghazni, Nangarhar, Logar, Ghor, Kabul, Kunar, Paktia, Kunduz, Zabul and Herat. Ghoryakhel had four sons, Chamkani, Daulatyar, Khalil and Zirani. Daulatyar had two sons Mohmands and Daudzai
The Mohmand are historically known for resisting outside forces. From 1672 to 1676, under the leadership of Aimal Khan Mohmand, they rebelled and fought deadly wars against the Mughal Army.[5] They also battled the British Empire in multiple wars, including taking part in the 1897 Frontier Revolt, alongside other rebellions across Pashtunistan, for Afghan Independence in the 1919 Anglo-Afghan War and they also fought independently in the 1935 Mohmand Campaign.[6] Additionally, the Mohmand people resisted other invaders of Afghanistan, such as during the Soviet–Afghan War as well as the American War in Afghanistan including against Pakistan Security Forces.[7]
In May 2018, Mohmand tribal elders condemned the merger of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and expressed support for the creation of a separate province, Qabailistan.[8]
Notables
edit- Rahman Baba Abdur Rahmān Mohmand (1632–1706) (Pashto: عبدالرحمان بابا), or Rahmān Bābā (Pashto: رحمان بابا), was a renowned Pashtun Sufi Dervish and poet
- Aimal Khan Mohmand, Afghan warrior ruler who fought in the Afghan-Mughal Wars of the 17th Century against Mughal emperor Aurangzeb
- Qalandar Momand, Pashto scholar, poet, critic, short story writer, journalist, linguist, lexicographer and academic.
- Mohammad Gul Khan Momand, Afghan Army Officer during the 1919 Anglo-Afghan War
- Abdul Ahad Momand, the first Afghan and the fourth Muslim to reach outer space.[9]
- Rustam Shah Mohmand, Chief Secretary of N.W.F.P, Diplomat, commissioner for Afghan Refugees and ambassador of Pakistan to Afghanistan
- Jamshaid Khan Mohmand, Member of Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- Imran Khan Mohmand, former ANP and later independent candidate in the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, martyred in a suicide blast in Shergarh
- Zain Khan Sirhindi (Mohmand), made Governor (Subahdar) of Sirhind province, India by Ahmad Shah Durrani (Abdali). Died in the Battle of Sirhind (1764).
References
edit- ^ "Mohmand tribe". Khyber.org website. Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Nisar, S., & Raza S. S. (2022). Borders Divide: Fencing the Pakistan-Afghanistan Border and the Question of Political Identity of Mohmand tribe. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VII (II), 25-30 University of Peshawar
- ^ The Program for Culture & Conflict Studies Mohmand tribe Naval Postgraduate School
- ^ Peter Bergen, Katherine Tiedemann (2012) Talibanistan: Negotiating the Borders Between Terror, Politics, and Religion Oxford University Press
- ^ Momand, Ahmad Gul. The Bare Language of Khoshal's Poetry. Nangarhar University. p. 13.
- ^ Lee, Jonathan (2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. pp. 395–397, 461. ISBN 9781789140101.
- ^ Amnesty International (2010) ‘As if Hell fell on me’ Crisis in North West Pakistan
- ^ Mohmand, Mureeb (29 May 2018). "Aftermath: Mohmand tribe opposes Fata, K-P merger". The Express Tribune (newspaper). Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Jenny Norton (23 March 2014). "Afghanistan's first spaceman returns home (as part of Soviet space program - Soyuz Mir crew)". BBC News website. Retrieved 19 December 2022.