Mohammad Roem (EYD: Mohammad Rum; 16 May 1908 – 24 September 1983) was an Indonesian politician and diplomat. He served in various positions during his career in government, including as Minister of Home Affairs, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia. He played a central role in negotiating the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949), which laid the groundwork for the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference wherein the Dutch finally recognized the sovereignty of Indonesia.
Mohammad Roem | |
|---|---|
_in_het_kabinet_Sja,_Bestanddeelnr_11871.jpg) Roem in 1947 | |
| Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia | |
| In office 24 March 1956 – 9 January 1957 | |
| Prime Minister | Ali Sastroamidjojo |
| Preceded by |
|
| Succeeded by | Idham Chalid |
| Minister of Home Affairs | |
| In office 3 April 1952 – 30 July 1953 | |
| Prime Minister | Wilopo |
| Preceded by | Iskaq Tjokroadisurjo |
| Succeeded by | Hazairin |
| In office 11 November 1947 – 23 January 1948 | |
| Prime Minister | Amir Sjarifuddin |
| Preceded by | Wondoamiseno |
| Succeeded by | Soekiman Wirjosandjojo |
| In office 2 October 1946 – 26 June 1947 | |
| Prime Minister | Sutan Sjahrir |
| Preceded by | Sudarsono |
| Succeeded by | Wondoamiseno |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 6 September 1950 – 20 March 1951 | |
| Prime Minister | Mohammad Natsir |
| Preceded by | Mohammad Hatta |
| Succeeded by | Achmad Soebardjo |
| State Minister | |
| In office 20 December 1949 – 15 August 1950 | |
| Prime Minister | Mohammad Hatta |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 16 May 1908 Parakan, Temanggung, Kedu Residency, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 24 September 1983 (aged 75) Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Political party | Masyumi (1945–1960) |
| Alma mater | Rechts Hogeschool (Mr.) |
| Occupation |
|
Born into a Javanese family, Roem studied law at the Rechts Hogeschool in Batavia (now Jakarta), during which time he had become politically active in the nationalist movement. After graduating, he worked as a lawyer during the Japanese occupation period (1942–1945). Following the proclamation of independence in 1945, Roem joined the newly formed Republican government where he emerged as an able diplomat and became the Republic's principal negotiator with the Dutch. After the handover of sovereignty in 1949, Roem remained active in politics and the Masyumi Party. Opposed to President Sukarno's Guided Democracy, he was arrested and jailed in 1961. Following his release in 1966, after Sukarno fell from power, he was elected chairman of the Parmusi Party (Masyumi's successor). However, he was prevented from taking office by the new regime. He devoted most of his remaining years to studying and writing. He died in 1983.
Early life
editRoem was born in Parakan, Temanggung, Central Java, on May 16, 1908. His father's name was Dulkarnaen Djojosasmito, and his mother's name was Siti Tarbijah.[1] He moved to Pekalongan because Parakan was hit by an outbreak of infectious diseases like cholera, plague, and influenza.[2] In 1915, he studied at Volksschool and two years later continued to Hollandse Inlandsche School until 1924.[3][4] In 1924, he received a scholarship to study at the School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen ("school for the training of native physicians", STOVIA) after attending government examinations.[4] Three years later, he completed the preliminary test was transferred to Algemene Middelbare School, and graduated in 1930.[5] After attending the admission test of Medical College, and being rejected, he turned to law, entering Rechts Hoogeschool in 1932 and obtaining the degree Meester in de Rechten in 1939.[6][4]
Career
editDuring the Indonesian national awakening, he was active in several organizations such as Jong Islamieten Bond in 1924 and Sarekat Islam in 1925.[7] During the revolution, he was a member of the Indonesian delegation at the Linggarjati Agreement (1946) and Renville Agreement (1948). In 1949, he was also the leader of the delegation at the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement, which discussed Indonesia's borders, and which was signed on May 7, 1949.[8]
As a state official, he served as interior minister in the Sjahrir III Cabinet, foreign minister during the Natsir Cabinet, interior minister during the Wilopo Cabinet, and deputy prime minister during the Ali Sastroamidjojo II Cabinet.[9]
Prison
editRoem was a senior figure in the Masyumi Party, which was banned by President Sukarno in 1960 for its support of the PRRI rebellion. In 1962 he was arrested and jailed without trial in Madiun, together with Sutan Sjahrir, Anuk Agung, the sultan of Pontianak Hamid, and Soedarpo Sastrosatomo. They were released by Attorney-general Sugi Aito in May 1966.[10][11][12]
Personal life
editRoem married Markisah Dahlia in 1932. They had two children; a boy, Roemoso, born in 1933 and a girl, Rumeisa, born in 1939.[4] Roem died in September 1983 from a lung disorder, leaving a wife and two children.[13]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Insaniwati 2002, p. 1
- ^ Insaniwati 2002, p. 4
- ^ Insaniwati 2002, p. 7
- ^ a b c d Kahin 1984, p. 135
- ^ Insaniwati 2002, p. 8
- ^ Insaniwati 2002, p. 9
- ^ Insaniwati 2002, p. 14
- ^ "Australia & Indonesia's Independence:The Transfer Of Sovereignty: Documents 1949". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
- ^ Detail Biodata Pejabat Menteri Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine at kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id (in Indonesian)
- ^ Almanac of Current World Leaders, Volume 9, 1966. p.132
- ^ Ricklefs 2008, p. 420.
- ^ Madinier 2015, pp. 428–429.
- ^ "Roem dies of lung disorder". The Straits Times. 26 September 1983. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
Sources
edit- Insaniwati, Iin Nur (2002). Novita, Ita Dian (ed.). Mohamad Roem: Karier Politik dan Perjuangannya, 1924–1968 [Mohamad Roem: His Political Career and Struggle, 1924–1968] (in Indonesian). Magelang: IndonesiaTera. ISBN 9789799375513.
- Kahin, George McTurnan (April 1984). "In Memoriam: Mohamad Roem (1908–1983)". Indonesia. 37 (37): 135–138. hdl:1813/53784. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350939.
- Madinier, Rémy (2015). Islam and Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Party between Democracy and Integralism. Translated by Desmond, Jeremy. Singapore: NUS Press. ISBN 9789971698430.
- Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (2008) [1981]. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 (4th ed.). Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 9780230546868.