Milan Martić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мартић; born 18 December 1954) is a Croatian Serb politician and war criminal who served as the president of the unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina, a self-proclaimed state largely populated by Serbs of Croatia that wished to break away from Croatia during the Croatian War of Independence.
Milan Martić | |
|---|---|
Милан Мартић | |
 Martić in 2009 | |
| 4th President of Republic of Serbian Krajina | |
| In office 23 January 1994 – 7 August 1995 | |
| Prime Minister | Borislav Mikelić Milan Babić Milorad Buha |
| Preceded by | Milan Babić |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| 1st Interior minister of Republic of Serbian Krajina | |
| In office 19 December 1991 – 26 January 1994 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Ilija Prijić |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 18 December 1954 Žagrović, PR Croatia, FPR Yugoslavia |
| Nationality | Serb |
| Political party | Serb Party of Socialists |
| Children | Duško Martić |
| Profession | Chief of police |
After the war, Martić was indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in 2005 was convicted of war crimes on 12 June 2007 and sentenced to 35 years in prison where he was transferred to in 2009. He is serving his sentence in Estonia.
Biography
editMartić was born on 18 November 1954 in the village of Žagrović, in the Knin municipality. He graduated from the Post-Secondary Police School in Zagreb and between 1976 and 1981 worked as a policeman at the Public Security Station (SJB) in Šibenik.[1]
From 1982 onwards, Martić was a Junior Police Inspector in Knin and was eventually promoted to Chief of the SJB.[1] He was the local police chief in Knin at the time of Croatia's declaration of independence. In 1990, he took on the position of local Serb leader, organizing the Milicija Krajina militia, also known as Martić's Police.
From 4 January 1991 to August 1995, Martić held various leadership positions, including President, Minister of Defence, Minister of Internal Affairs, in SAO Krajina and the Republic of Serbian Krajina (both unrecognised).[2]
Also in 1991, Serbian opposition leader Vuk Drašković claimed Martić and Goran Hadžić had organized an assassination attempt on him. Martić replied that this was "an ordinary stupidity" and that "if he were to organize an assassination attempt, he would go through with it." Martić was critical of Drašković as Drašković called against mobilization and called for desertion.[3]
Martić was supported by Slobodan Milošević during the presidential election in Serbian Krajina.[4] Martić ran for the Serb Party of Socialists which received significant financial support from Milošević's Socialist Party of Serbia.[5] On 21 January, Martić stated that he would “speed up the process of unification” and “pass on the baton to our all Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević.[1]
In a second round of voting in 1994 he was elected president[6][7][8][9][10] and remained in power until the fall of Serbian Krajina during Croatia's Operation Storm in 1995. After the fall of the Republic of Serbian Krajina, Martić and a large portion of the Serbian Krajina army and civilians, escaped to Banja Luka. Initially, he was rumored to have been either killed or wounded. He did not issue any statement for a number of days.[11]
Martić went on to announce a plan of guerrilla warfare that would "last until the final freedom of the Republic of Serbian Krajina". Martić said in a statement:[12]
"After the tragedy that has happened to the Serbian people of Krajina, the situation is slowly consolidating. In Banja Luka, we've formed a crisis staff which is led by President of the Krajina Parliament Rajko Ležaić. The goal of the staff is taking care of the refugees. I have taken upon myself the task of consolidating the dismantled army and preparing it for battle. I expect that many of these soldiers – the ones who aren't cowards – will return and attempt to liberate their centuries-old homeland and give Tuđman the hit that he deserves."
— Milan Martić
ICTY prosecution
editInitially indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) on 25 July 1995, Martić surrendered on 15 May 2002, and was transferred to the tribunal in The Hague the same day. He was charged with murder, persecution, inhumane treatment, forced displacement, plunder of public or private property, and wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages. He pleaded not guilty to all counts.[13]
According to the ICTY, in the amended indictment, he "helped organize an ethnic cleansing campaign of Croats and other non-Serbs from Krajina and virtually the entire non-Serb population was forcibly removed, deported or killed". He was originally charged only with ordering rocket attacks on Zagreb which killed seven civilians[14][15] and wounded 214[16] as retaliation to Operation Flash. Two days later, in an interview, Martić admitted he had personally ordered the shelling of the city.[17]
Milan Babić, who, along with Martić, was one of the most important leaders of the rebel Croatian Serbs, stated in court during Martić's trial that the entire war in Croatia was Martić's responsibility, orchestrated by Belgrade.[18]
His trial started on 13 December 2005 and ended on 12 January 2007.[19] On 12 June 2007, Martić was sentenced to 35 years in prison.[13][20] His sentence of 35 years in prison was confirmed by ICTY appellate council on 8 October 2008. He was found to have been part of a "joint criminal enterprise" which included Blagoje Adžić, Milan Babić, Radmilo Bogdanović, Veljko Kadijević, Radovan Karadžić, Slobodan Milošević, Ratko Mladić, Vojislav Šešelj, Franko Simatović, Jovica Stanišić, and Dragan Vasiljković.[20] In June 2009, he was transferred to Tartu prison in Estonia to serve out his sentence.[21]
References
edit- ^ a b c Prosecutor v. Milan Martić Judgement. p. 8. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia; accessed 25 August 2013.
- ^ Prosecutor v. Milan Martić Judgement. p. 46. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Accessed 13 September 2009. (On 16 March 1991 another referendum was held which asked "Are you in favour of the SAO Krajina joining the Republic of Serbia and staying in Yugoslavia with Serbia, Montenegro and others who wish to preserve Yugoslavia?". With 99.8% voting in favour, the referendum was approved and the Krajina assembly declared that "the territory of the SAO Krajina is a constitutive part of the unified state territory of the Republic of Serbia".)
- ^ Pogledi, 15 November 1991, issue 96, pg. 29 (in Serbian)
- ^ "Milan Babic: Croatian Serb leader". 2006-03-06. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ Filip Švarm, Milosevic Loses Krajina Archived 2008-06-22 at the Wayback Machine, Vreme News Digest Agency No 117, rutgers.edu, 20 December 1993.
- ^ "Milan Babic: Croatian Serb leader". 2006-03-06. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ Logos, Aleksandar (2019). Istorija Srba 1 - Dopuna 4; Istorija Srba 5. Belgrade: Beograd ATC. p. 127. ISBN 978-86-85117-46-6.
- ^ "1994/01/23 18:30 THE ELECTION SHOCK IN KRAJINA". www.aimpress.ch. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ "January 17, 1994 Vreme News Digest Agency No 121". www.scc.rutgers.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ "Милан Мартић председник" (PDF). www.glassrpske.com. 27 January 1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ Novine, 6 August 1995. (in Serbian)
- ^ Novine, 15 August 1995, No. 101 (in Serbian)
- ^ a b "Serb leader jailed for war crimes". BBC News. 12 June 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
- ^ "Prosecutors Seek Life Sentence for War Crimes Suspect Martic". Voice of America. January 10, 2007. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
- ^ "War crimes suspects surrender to tribunal". BBC News. May 15, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
- ^ "Meeting the Challenge – I. The Technological Evolution and Early Proliferation and Use of Cluster Munitions". Human Rights Watch. November 22, 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
- ^ "Leader of breakaway Croatian Serb state convicted and jailed by UN tribunal". UN News. 12 June 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ Goran Jungvirth. "Martić "Provoked" Croatian Conflict". Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
- ^ "U utorak presuda Milanu Martiću" (in Croatian). Jutarnji list. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
- ^ a b "Summary of Judgement for Milan Martić" (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^ "War criminal transferred to Estonia", baltictimes.com; accessed 23 November 2016.