Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)

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Middlesex was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, then of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until abolished in 1885. It returned two members per election by various voting systems including hustings.

Middlesex
Former county constituency
for the House of Commons
1265–1885
Seatstwo
Replaced byBrentford, Ealing, Enfield, Hampstead, Harrow, Hornsey, Tottenham and Uxbridge
During its existence contributed to new seat(s) of:City of London (1298)

Westminster (1545)

Finsbury, Marylebone and Tower Hamlets (1832)

Hackney (from the Tower Hamlets constituency) (1867) Chelsea (1867) (directly)

Boundaries and boundary changes

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Soliciting Votes by William Hogarth, of Chiswick, Middlesex, 1754.
 
Map of Middlesex, drawn by Thomas Kitchin, geographer 1769 (with some towns not in the county i.e. south of the river or outside of the dashed line). It has a heading of Remarks that mentions 2 seats of Westminster and 4 of the City of London
 
Map of the seven single-MP county constituencies created by subdivision of the final version of the seat which existed between 1867 and 1885 and returned two MPs. Brentford division is highlighted which was named after the town where the hustings took place after 1700.

This county constituency until 1832 covered all the historic county of Middlesex, in south-eastern England, comprising Spelthorne, Poyle, South Mimms and Potters Bar in other modern counties, together with the north, west, and north-west sectors of the present-day Greater London. Apart from the ability of some voters to participate in the borough franchises of the cities of London and Westminster (after dates of their inception, see top right or below), it gave rise to three more urban offshoot divisions in 1832, one of which was split in two at the next national review or reform, in 1868. Its southern boundary was the River Thames.

The county seat returned two Members of Parliament (sometimes referred to by the medieval term of knights of the shire). The place of election for the county was until 1700 at Hampstead Heath, thereafter at The Butts in the town centre of Brentford.[1] Hustings were typically over a period of a fortnight when candidates set out their stall, and visible bribery had become not uncommon in closer contests around the country in such larger seats at the time, inspiring William Hogarth’s series of four pictures titled ‘Four Prints of An Election’ (when printed).[1]

Until 1832 the county franchise was limited to forty shilling freeholders. The decrease in the value of money due to inflation and the expansion of the wealth and population as the urbanised area in the east around London and Westminster grew contributed to gradually expanding the electorate. The county was estimated by Henning to have about 1,660 voters in 1681. Sedgwick estimated about 3,000 in the 1715–54 period. Namier and Brook suggested there were about 3,500 in 1754–90. The number had reached about 6,000 by 1790–1820, according to Thorne. Close elections between popular candidates would therefore be expensive - the worth of being a local magistrate, major landowner or other dignitary carrying little weight among such a generally urban and numerous upper-middle class forming the bulk of the electorate.

For subsequent changes in the franchise see Reform Act 1832 and Reform Act 1867. From 1832 voters were registered; the size of the electorate is shown below.

The geographic county until 1885 also contained the borough constituencies of City of London (first recorded as having its extraordinary four members from 1298) and Westminster (enfranchised with two members from 1545). In 1832 three two-seat Boroughs were added (or enfranchised): Finsbury, Marylebone, and Tower Hamlets. In 1867 two new parliamentary boroughs each returning two MPs were constituted: 'Hackney' (St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, St Matthew's Bethnal Green and St John's Hackney) formerly represented in borough elections via Tower Hamlets and 'Chelsea' (parishes of Chelsea, Kensington, Hammersmith and Fulham).[2] The single-member non-territorial University constituency of London University (1868–1950) was somewhat connected to the county by having most of its graduates eligible to vote.

Possession of a county electoral qualification, deriving from owning various types of property or having ecclesiastical 'offices' (controversially and sporadically defined) in an area not otherwise represented, conferred the right to vote in the county elections.

An 1885 redistribution of seats saw Middlesex and its early breakaway seats in and around the City reformed under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 reflecting the wider electorate of the Reform Act 1884 and need to 'liberate' boroughs, i.e. urban areas without properly apportioned representation:

  • Constituencies in the urban south-east part that returned 18 MPs were replaced by 38 single-member seats.
  • the City of London constituency (loosely considered with the county) was reduced from 4 to 2 members.
  • the Middlesex constituency latterly covering the north, west and south-west of the county returning 2 MPs was replaced by 7 single-member seats.
Local government bodies

In 1889 the 40 urban constituencies that comprised the south-eastern part fell into (for local government) a County of London save for the much smaller City of London which remained a separate quasi-county and legal jurisdiction. The seven county divisions (constituencies) in the north and west of the historic county came under a new local government body, the administrative county of Middlesex. Both counties were also known by their governing bodies' name, County Councils (abbreviated to LCC and MCC). The seven successor seats were Brentford, Ealing, Enfield, Harrow, Hornsey, Tottenham and Uxbridge. These (and numerous later successor seats) had MCC local governance until its abolition in 1965.

Members of Parliament

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Preliminary note: The English civil year started on Lady Day, 25 March, until 1752 (Scotland having changed to 1 January in 1600). The year used in the lists of Parliaments in this article have been converted to the new style where necessary. Old style dates for days between 1 January and 24 March actually referred to days after 31 December. No attempt has been made to compensate for the eleven days which did not occur in September 1752 in both England and Scotland as well as other British controlled territories (when the day after 2 September was 14 September), so as to bring the British Empire fully in line with the Gregorian calendar.

Constituency created (1265): See Montfort's Parliament for further details. Knights of the shire are known to have been summoned to most Parliaments from 1290 (19th Parliament of King Edward I of England) and to every one from 1320 (19th Parliament of King Edward II of England).

Knights of the shire 1265–1660

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Some of the members elected during this period have been identified, but this list does not include Parliaments where no member has been identified before the reign of King Henry VIII. In the list (as opposed to the table below) the year given is for the first meeting of the Parliament, with the month added where there was more than one Parliament in the year. If a second year is given this is a date of dissolution. Early Parliaments usually only existed for a few days or weeks, so dissolutions in the same year as the first meeting are not recorded in this list If a specific date of election is known this is recorded in italic brackets. The Roman numerals in brackets, following some names, are those used to distinguish different politicians of the same name in 'The House of Commons' 1509-1558 and 1558–1603.

In this period, Parliament was not an institution with a regular pattern of elections and sittings. Therefore, a separate entry is made for each Parliament, even if the same Knight of the Shire served in successive Parliaments.

List of known Knights of the Shire before 1509

Parliament First member Second member
1295 (Nov) William de Brook Stephen de Gravesend
1296 Richard de Wyndesor Richard le Rous
1297 (Oct) Richard le Rous ?
1298 (Mar) Richard le Rous ?
1298 (May) Richard le Rous ?
1300 Richard le Rous ?
1301 Richard le Rous ?
1302 (Oct) Richard le Rous ?
1305 (Feb) Richard le Rous ?
1306 Richard le Rous ?
1386 Sir Adam Francis William Swanland[3]
1388 (Feb) Sir Adam Francis William Swanland [3]
1388 (Sep) William Barnville Godfrey Atte Perry[3]
1390 (Jan) John Shorditch I Thomas Coningsby[3]
1390 (Nov) John Shorditch I Sir Adam Francis[3]
1391 Thomas Bray William Norton[3]
1393 William Tamworth Thomas Maidstone[3]
1394 John Shorditch II James Ormesby[3]
1395 John Shorditch II Thomas Coningsby[3]
1397 (Jan) Thomas Goodlake Thomas Maidstone[3]
1397 (Sep) Sir Adam Francis Sir John Wroth[3]
1399 John Durham Thomas Maidstone[3]
1401 William Loveney Sir John Wroth[3]
1402 James Northampton Thomas Coningsby[3]
1404 (Jan) William Wroth Sir John Wroth[3]
1404 (Oct) Sir Roger Strange William Powe[3]
1406 Henry Somer Sir John Wroth [3]
1407 Henry Somer William Loveney [3]
1410
1411 Sir Adam Francis Sir Roger Strange[3]
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May) William Loveney Richard Wyot[3]
1414 (Apr) Simon Camp Walter Green[3]
1414 (Nov) Thomas Charlton John Walden[3]
1415 Simon Camp Thomas Coningsby[3]
1416 (Mar)
1416 (Oct) Henry Somer Walter Gawtron[3]
1419 Thomas Frowyk Thomas Coningsby[3]
1420 Sir John Boys Walter Green[3]
1421 (May) Henry Somer Sir Thomas Charlton[3]
1421 (Dec) Richard Maidstone Edmund Bibbesworth[3]
1429 Henry Somer
1442 Thomas Charlton[4] John Somerset
1447 Thomas Charlton[4]
1449 Thomas Charlton[4]
1453 Thomas Charlton[4]
1459 Sir Thomas Charlton[4]
1460 Sir Thomas Charlton[4]
1491 Sir Thomas Lovell[5]

Table of Knights of the Shire 1509-1660

Summoned Elected Assembled Dissolved First Member Second Member
17 October 1509 1509–10 21 January 1510 23 February 1510 Sir Thomas Lovell (I) unknown
28 November 1511 1511–12 4 February 1512 4 March 1514 unknown unknown
23 November 1514 1514–15 5 February 1515 22 December 1515 unknown unknown
unknown 1523 15 April 1523 13 August 1523 Sir Thomas More (I) a unknown
9 August 1529 1529 3 November 1529 14 April 1536 Robert Wroth b Richard Hawkes c
27 April 1536 1536 8 June 1536 18 July 1536 unknown unknown
1 March 1539 1539 28 April 1539 24 July 1540 Sir Ralph Sadler Robert Cheeseman
23 November 1541 1541–42 16 January 1542 28 March 1544 Robert Cheeseman John Hughes d
1 December 1544 1544–45 23 November 1545 31 January 1547 Sir William Paget Thomas Wroth
2 August 1547 1547 4 November 1547 15 April 1552 Sir Thomas Wroth John Newdigate
5 January 1553 1553 1 March 1553 31 March 1553 Sir Robert Bowes Sir Thomas Wroth
14 August 1553 1553 5 October 1553 5 December 1553 Sir Edward Hastings John Newdigate
17 February 1554 1554 2 April 1554 3 May 1554 Sir Edward Hastings John Newdigate
3 October 1554 1554 12 November 1554 16 January 1555 Sir Edward Hastings Sir Roger Cholmley
3 September 1555 1555 21 October 1555 9 December 1555 Sir Edward Hastings Sir Roger Cholmley
6 December 1557 1557–58 20 January 1558 17 November 1558 Sir Roger Cholmley John Newdigate
5 December 1558 29 December 1558 23 January 1559 8 May 1559 Sir Roger Cholmley Sir Thomas Wroth
10 November 1562 1562–63 11 January 1563 2 January 1567 Sir William Cordell Sir Thomas Wroth
unknown 1571 2 April 1571 29 May 1571 Francis Newdigate John Newdigate
28 March 1572 1572 8 May 1572 19 April 1583 Robert Wroth (I) Sir Owen Hopton
12 October 1584 1584 23 November 1584 14 September 1585 Robert Wroth (I) Sir Owen Hopton
15 September 1586 1586 15 October 1586 23 March 1587 Robert Wroth (I) William Fleetwood (III)
18 September 1588 19 December 1588 4 February 1589 29 March 1589 Robert Wroth (I) William Fleetwood (III)
4 January 1593 1593 18 February 1593 10 April 1593 Robert Wroth (I) Francis Bacon
23 August 1597 15 September 1597 24 October 1597 9 February 1598 Sir Robert Wroth (I) Sir John Peyton (I)
11 September 1601 8 October 1601 27 October 1601 19 December 1601 Sir John Fortescue (I) Sir Robert Wroth (I)
31 January 1604 1604 19 March 1604 9 February 1611 Sir William Fleetwood Sir Robert Wroth
unknown 1614 5 April 1614 7 June 1614 Sir Julius Caesar Sir Thomas Lake
13 November 1620 1620–21 16 January 1621 8 February 1622 Sir Francis Darcy Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt
20 December 1623 1623–24 12 February 1624 27 March 1625 Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt Sir John Suckling
2 April 1625 1625 17 May 1625 12 August 1625 Sir John Francklyn Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt
20 December 1625 1626 6 February 1626 15 June 1626 Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt Sir Edward Spencer
31 January 1628 1628 17 March 1628 10 March 1629 Sir Francis Darcy Sir Henry Spiller
1629–1640 No Parliaments summoned
20 February 1640 1640 13 April 1640 5 May 1640 Sir John Francklyn Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt
24 September 1640 1640 3 November 1640 16 March 1660 e Sir John Francklyn f Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt g
18 May 1648 Sir Edward Spencer h

Notes:-

  • a Speaker of the House of Commons.
  • b Wroth ceased to be an MP after 11 May 1535. It is unknown if there was a by-election.
  • c Hawkes ceased to be MP by May/June 1532. It is unknown if there was a by-election.
  • d Hughes ceased to be an MP after January/April 1543. It is unknown if there was a by-election.
  • e In theory the Long Parliament existed throughout the 1640–1660 term, as it could not be lawfully dissolved without its own consent which was not given until 1660. In practice all or part of the membership of the House of Commons were not permitted to sit for lengthy periods. Other bodies considered to be Parliaments existed within parts of the term of the Long Parliament.
  • f Francklyn died and a by-election was held.
  • g In December 1648, Gilbert was excluded from Parliament in Pride's Purge and the seat was left vacant.
  • h Spencer is not recorded as having sat after Pride's Purge in December 1648.

Table of Members of the Commonwealth Parliaments 1653-1659

The county had three nominated members in the Barebones Parliament, four representatives in the First and Second and the usual two in the Third of the Protectorate Parliaments

Summoned Elected Assembled Dissolved First member Second member Third member Fourth member
4 July 1653 12 December 1653 Sir William Roberts Augustine Wingfield Arthur Squib
1 June 1654 1654 3 September 1654 22 January 1655 Sir James Harrington, Bt Sir William Roberts Josiah Berners Edmund Harvey
10 July 1656 1656 17 September 1656 4 February 1658 Sir John Barkstead Sir William Roberts Chaloner Chute William Kiffen
9 December 1658 1658–59 27 January 1659 22 April 1659 Francis Gerard Chaloner Chute

Knights of the shire 1660–1885

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Year 1st Member 1st Party 2nd Member 2nd Party
1660 Sir Lancelot Lake Non Partisan Sir William Waller Non Partisan
1661 Sir Thomas Allen Non Partisan
1679 Sir Robert Peyton Non Partisan Sir William Roberts, Bt Non Partisan
1681 Robert Atkyns Non Partisan
1681 Nicholas Raynton Non Partisan
1685 Sir Charles Gerard, Bt Non Partisan Ralph Hawtrey Non Partisan
1695 Edward Russell Non Partisan Sir John Wolstenholme, Bt Non Partisan
1696 Sir John Bucknall Non Partisan
1698 Warwick Lake Non Partisan
1701 Hugh Smithson Tory
1701 John Austen Whig
1702 Hugh Smithson Tory
1705 Scorie Barker Non Partisan Sir John Wolstenholme, Bt Non Partisan
1709 John Austen Whig
1710 Hon. James Bertie Tory Hugh Smithson Tory
1722 Sir John Austen, Bt. Whig
1727 Sir Francis Child Tory
1734 William Pulteney Whig
1740 Sir Hugh Smithson, Bt
(later Sir Hugh Percy, Bt) a
Tory
1742 Sir Roger Newdigate, Bt Tory
1747 Sir William Beauchamp-Proctor, Bt Whig Whig
1750 George Cooke Tory
1768 John Wilkes Radical
1768 John Glynn Whig[6]
1769 (Feb)
1769 (Mar)
1769 (Apr) Henry Luttrell Tory[6]
1774 John Wilkes Radical[6]
1779 Thomas Wood Whig
1780 George Byng Whig[6]
1784 William Mainwaring Tory[6]
1790 George Byng Whig[6][7]
1802 Sir Francis Burdett, Bt Whig[6]
1804 George Boulton Mainwaring Tory[6]
1805 Sir Francis Burdett, Bt Whig[6]
1806 George Boulton Mainwaring Tory[6]
1806 William Mellish Tory[6]
1820 Samuel Charles Whitbread Whig[6]
1830 Joseph Hume Radical[6][8]
1837 Thomas Wood Conservative[6]
1847 Lord Robert Grosvenor Whig[9][10][11]
1847 Ralph Bernal Osborne Radical[12][13][14][15][16][17]
1857 Robert Culling Hanbury Whig[18][19]
1857 Hon. George Byng
(later Viscount Enfield) b
Whig[20][21][22]
1859 Liberal Liberal
1867 Henry Labouchère Liberal
1868 Lord George Hamilton Conservative
1874 Octavius Coope Conservative
1885 constituency divided and abolished

Notes:-

Elections

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General notes

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In multi-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for two candidates or "plump" for one, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected.

In by-elections, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied.

Table terms
Sources
Results of 1660-1790 are by History of Parliament Trust publications. The results from 1790–1832 are by Stooks Smith, thereafter his work becoming the footnotes for results by Craig.

Results 1660–1885

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Parliament of England

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General election 5 April 1660: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Lancelot Lake Elected N/A N/A
Nonpartisan William Waller Elected N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Gilbert Gerard Defeated N/A N/A
Nonpartisan William Roberts Defeated N/A N/A
Nonpartisan James Harington Defeated N/A N/A
Nonpartisan John Page Defeated N/A N/A
  • Note (1660) vote totals unavailable
General election 4 April 1661: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Lancelot Lake Elected N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Thomas Allen Elected N/A N/A
Nonpartisan John Robinson Defeated N/A N/A
  • Note (1661) vote totals unavailable
General Election 21 February 1679: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Robert Peyton Unopposed N/A N/A
Nonpartisan William Roberts Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Note (1679): Roberts was not the same man as the 1660 candidate of the same name.
General Election 3 September 1679: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan William Roberts 720 45.37 N/A
Nonpartisan Robert Peyton 670 42.22 N/A
Nonpartisan Francis Gerard 194 12.22 N/A
Nonpartisan William Smyth 3 0.19 N/A
  • Note (1679): Smyth is referred to as Smith in House of Commons 1660-1690, but Smyth seems to be correct from Leigh Rayment's list of baronets.
  • Expulsion from the House of Peyton [1]
By-Election 13 January 1681: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Robert Atkyns 680 55.78 +55.78
Nonpartisan Hugh Middleton 379 31.09 +31.09
Nonpartisan Charles Umfrevile 160 13.13 +13.13
Majority 301 24.69 N/A
Nonpartisan hold Swing N/A
General election 3 March 1681: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan William Roberts 1,054 35.73 +35.73
Nonpartisan Nicholas Raynton 874 29.63 +29.63
Nonpartisan Hugh Middleton 607 20.58 −10.51
Nonpartisan Charles Gerard 415 14.07 +14.07
General election 18 March 1685: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Charles Gerard Elected N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Roger Hawtrey Elected N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Hugh Middleton Defeated N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Nicholas Raynton Defeated N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Thomas Johnson Defeated N/A N/A
Nonpartisan William Smyth Defeated N/A N/A
  • Note (1685) vote totals unavailable. Smyth is referred to as Smith in House of Commons 1660-1690, but Smyth seems to be correct from Leigh Rayment's list of baronets.
General election 11 January 1689: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Charles Gerard Elected N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Roger Hawtrey Elected N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Robert Peyton Defeated N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Thomas Johnson Defeated N/A N/A
  • Note (1689) vote totals unavailable
General election 1690: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Charles Gerard Unopposed N/A N/A
Nonpartisan Roger Hawtrey Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 14 November 1695: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Edward Russell Unopposed N/A N/A
Nonpartisan John Wolstenholme Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 8 January 1696: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan John Bucknall Unopposed N/A N/A
Nonpartisan hold Swing N/A
General election 4 August 1698: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Warwick Lake Unopposed N/A N/A
Nonpartisan John Wolstenholme Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 16 January 1701: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Warwick Lake Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 3 December 1701: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Warwick Lake Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig John Austen Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 30 July 1702: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Warwick Lake Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 28 May 1705: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Scorie Barker Unopposed N/A N/A
Nonpartisan John Wolstenholme Unopposed N/A N/A

Parliament of Great Britain

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General election 1708: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Scorie Barker Unopposed N/A N/A
Nonpartisan John Wolstenholme Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Wolstenholme
By-Election 3 March 1709: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig John Austen Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig gain from Nonpartisan Swing N/A
General election 12 October 1710: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory James Bertie Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 1713: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory James Bertie Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 27 January 1715: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory James Bertie 1,604 27.60 N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson 1,553 26.72 N/A
Whig John Austen 1,330 22.80 N/A
Whig Henry Barker 1,325 22.80 N/A
General election 30 March 1722: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory James Bertie 1,800 39.43 +11.83
Whig John Austen 967 21.18 −1.62
Whig Henry Barker 908 18.89 −3.91
Tory George Cooke 662 14.50 +14.50
Tory William Withers 228 5.00 +5.00
General election 6 September 1727: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory James Bertie 1,410 29.21 −10.22
Tory Francis Child 1,305 27.03 +27.03
Whig Henry Barker 1,074 22.25 +3.36
Whig Lord Paget 1,039 21.52 +21.52
General election 25 April 1734: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Francis Child Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig William Pulteney Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Child
By-Election 15 March 1740: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hugh Smithson 382 72.21 N/A
Whig Henry Barker 147 27.79 N/A
Majority 235 44.42 N/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
  • Smithson (not the same person as the former MP of the same name) subsequently changed his surname to Percy
General election 14 May 1741: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig William Pulteney Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Percy Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 5 August 1742: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Roger Newdigate Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory gain from Whig Swing N/A
General election 2 July 1747: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Hugh Percy 1,797 36.33 N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor 1,457 29.45 N/A
Tory George Cooke 899 18.17 N/A
Tory Roger Newdigate 794 16.05 N/A
By-Election 8 March 1750: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory George Cooke 1,617 57.38 +39.21
Whig Fraser Honywood 1,201 42.62 +42.62
Majority 416 14.76 N/A
Tory gain from Whig Swing N/A
General election 2 May 1754: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory George Cooke Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 7 April 1761: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory George Cooke Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 27 November 1766: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory George Cooke Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
General election 28 March 1768: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical John Wilkes 1,297 44.33 N/A
Tory George Cooke 827 28.26 N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor 802 27.41 N/A
  • Note (1768): Stooks Smith attributes 1,292 votes to Wilkes. Stooks Smith does not give candidates party labels in Middlesex until after this election.
  • Death of Cooke
By-Election 14 December 1768: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig John Glynn 1,548 54.89 +54.89
Tory William Beauchamp-Proctor 1,272 45.11 +17.70
Majority 276 9.79 N/A
Whig gain from Tory Swing N/A
  • Note (1768): Poll 6 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
  • Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, declared incapable of being elected 3 February 1769
By-Election 16 February 1769: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/A N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, election declared void
By-Election 16 March 1769: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/A N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, election declared void 17 March 1769
By-Election 13 April 1769: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical John Wilkes 1,143 79.16 N/A
Tory Henry Luttrell 296 20.50 N/A
Whig William Whitaker 5 0.35 N/A
Majority 847 58.66 N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Election return of Wilkes amended to Luttrell by Parliament on 14 April 1769 and Luttrell seated as the MP 15 April 1769
General election 20 October 1774: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig John Glynn Unopposed N/A N/A
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Glynn
By-Election 28 October 1779: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Thomas Wood Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
General election 14 September 1780: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed N/A N/A
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 22 April 1784: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Mainwaring 2,118 36.72 N/A
Radical John Wilkes 1,858 32.21 N/A
Whig George Byng 1,792 31.07 N/A
General election 28 June 1790: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory William Mainwaring Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Note (1790): The George Byng who contested Middlesex elections from this year is a different person from the one who stood previously
General election 3 June 1796: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory William Mainwaring Unopposed N/A N/A

Parliament of the United Kingdom

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General election 13 July 1802: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng 3,848 38.5 N/A
Radical Francis Burdett 3,207 32.1 N/A
Tory William Mainwaring 2,936 29.4 N/A
Majority 269 2.7 N/A
Turnout 9,991
Radical gain from Tory Swing
Whig hold Swing
  • Note (1802): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
  • Election of Burdett declared void 9 July 1804
By-Election 23 July 1804: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory George Boulton Mainwaring 2,828 50.0 +20.6
Radical Francis Burdett 2,823 50.0 +17.9
Majority 5 0.0 N/A
Turnout 5,651
Tory gain from Radical Swing
  • Note (1804): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
  • Election of Mainwaring challenged by a petition of Burdett. Mainwaring unseated and Francis Burdett seated on 5 March 1805. (Source: The Times (of London), edition of 6 March 1805)
  • Election of Burdett challenged by a petition of Mainwaring. Burdett unseated and George Boulton Mainwaring seated with effect from 10 February 1806. (Source: The Times (of London), edition of 10 February 1806)
General election 10 November 1806: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Mellish 3,213 47.9 +18.5
Whig George Byng 2,304 34.3 −4.2
Radical Francis Burdett 1,197 17.8 −18.3
Majority 1,107 16.5 N/A
Turnout 6,714
Whig gain from Radical Swing
Tory hold Swing
  • Note (1806): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General election 18 May 1807: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Mellish 2,706 42.8 −5.1
Whig George Byng 2,368 37.4 +3.1
Tory Sir Christopher Baynes, 1st Baronet 1,252 19.8 +19.8
Majority 116 18.6 +2.1
Turnout 6,326
Tory hold Swing
Whig hold Swing
General election 12 October 1812: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Tory William Mellish Unopposed
Whig hold
Tory hold
General election 26 June 1818: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Tory William Mellish Unopposed
Whig hold
Tory hold
General election 17 March 1820: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng 4,004 37.6 N/A
Whig Samuel Charles Whitbread 3,585 33.6 N/A
Tory William Mellish 3,073 28.8 N/A
Majority 512 4.8 N/A
Turnout 10,662
Whig gain from Tory Swing
Whig hold Swing
  • Note (1820): Poll 12 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General election 1826: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Whig Samuel Charles Whitbread Unopposed
Whig hold
Whig hold
General election 5 August 1830: Middlesex (2 seats)[6][23]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Radical Joseph Hume Unopposed
Whig hold
Radical gain from Whig
General election 1831: Middlesex (2 seats)[6][23]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Radical Joseph Hume Unopposed
Whig hold
Radical hold
General election 1832: Middlesex (2 seats)[6][24]
Party Candidate Votes %
Radical Joseph Hume 3,238 36.9
Whig George Byng 3,033 34.6
Tory Charles Forbes 1,494 17.0
Radical John Scott Lillie 1,004 11.4
Turnout 5,132 74.0
Registered electors 6,939
Majority 205 2.3
Radical hold
Majority 1,539 17.6
Whig hold
General election 1835: Middlesex (2 seats)[6][24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng 3,505 37.7 +3.1
Radical Joseph Hume 3,096 33.3 −15.0
Conservative Thomas Wood 2,707 29.1 +12.1
Turnout 6,046 75.5 +1.5
Registered electors 8,005
Majority 409 4.4 −13.2
Whig hold Swing +5.3
Majority 389 4.2 +1.9
Radical hold Swing −13.6
  • Note (1835): The Thomas Wood who contested Middlesex elections from this year is a different person from the one who was elected in 1779
General election 31 July 1837: Middlesex (2 seats)[6][24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng 4,796 26.6 −11.1
Conservative Thomas Wood 4,582 25.4 +10.9
Radical Joseph Hume 4,380 24.3 −9.0
Conservative Henry Pownall 4,273 23.7 +9.2
Turnout 9,260 72.2 −3.3
Registered electors 12,817
Majority 214 1.2 −3.2
Whig hold Swing −10.6
Majority 202 1.1 N/A
Conservative gain from Radical Swing +7.7
General election 1841: Middlesex (2 seats)[6]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Conservative Thomas Wood Unopposed
Registered electors 13,915
Whig hold
Conservative hold

Byng's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 3 February 1847: Middlesex[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Robert Grosvenor Unopposed
Whig hold
Registered electors 12,577
12577
General election 4 August 1847: Middlesex (2 seats)[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Robert Grosvenor 4,944 39.3 N/A
Radical Ralph Bernal Osborne 4,175 33.2 N/A
Conservative Thomas Wood 3,458 27.5 N/A
Turnout 6,289 (est) 45.6 (est) N/A
Registered electors 13,781
Majority 769 6.1 N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
Majority 717 5.7 N/A
Radical gain from Conservative Swing N/A
General election 1852: Middlesex (2 seats)[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Robert Grosvenor 5,241 37.7 −1.6
Radical Ralph Bernal Osborne 4,390 31.6 −1.6
Conservative John Spencer-Churchill 4,258 30.7 +3.2
Turnout 6,945 (est) 47.5 (est) +1.9
Registered electors 14,610
Majority 851 6.1
Whig hold Swing −1.6
Majority 132 0.9 −4.8
Radical hold Swing −1.6
General election 29 April 1857: Middlesex (2 seats)[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Robert Culling Hanbury 5,426 39.7 +8.1
Whig Robert Grosvenor 5,327 38.9 +1.2
Conservative Henry Cadogan 2,928 21.4 −9.3
Majority 2,399 17.5 +11.4
Turnout 8,305 (est) 55.4 (est) +7.9
Registered electors 14,977
Whig hold Swing +6.4
Whig gain from Radical Swing +2.9
By-election, 3 September 1857: Middlesex[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Whig hold
General election 1859: Middlesex (2 seats)[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Robert Culling Hanbury 3,678 43.6 +3.9
Liberal George Byng 3,618 42.9 +4.0
Conservative James Haig[25] 1,147 13.6 −7.8
Majority 2,471 29.3 +11.8
Turnout 4,795 (est) 31.6 (est) −23.8
Registered electors 15,171
Liberal hold Swing +3.9
Liberal hold Swing +4.0
General election 1865: Middlesex (2 seats)[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal George Byng Unopposed
Liberal Robert Culling Hanbury Unopposed
Registered electors 14,847
Liberal hold
Liberal hold
  • Death of Hanbury
By-election 15 April 1867: Middlesex[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Henry Labouchere Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 21 November 1868: Middlesex (2 seats)[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Hamilton 7,850 37.9 New
Liberal George Byng 6,487 31.3 N/A
Liberal Henry Labouchere 6,397 30.9 N/A
Majority 1,453 7.0 N/A
Turnout 14,292 (est) 56.7 (est) N/A
Registered electors 25,196
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General election 14 February 1874: Middlesex (2 seats)[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Hamilton 10,343 33.3 +14.3
Conservative Octavius Coope 9,867 31.8 +12.8
Liberal George Byng 5,623 18.1 −13.2
Liberal Frederick Lehmann 5,192 16.7 −14.2
Majority 4,244 13.7 N/A
Turnout 15,513 (est) 61.9 (est) +5.2
Registered electors 25,071
Conservative hold Swing +14.0
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +13.3
By-election, 12 April 1878: Middlesex[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Hamilton Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1880: Middlesex (2 seats)[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Hamilton 12,904 37.8 +4.5
Conservative Octavius Coope 12,328 36.1 +4.3
Liberal Herbert Gladstone 8,876 26.0 −8.8
Majority 3,452 10.1 −3.6
Turnout 21,492 (est) 70.0 (est) +8.1
Registered electors 30,707
Conservative hold Swing +4.5
Conservative hold Swing +4.4
By-election, 3 July 1885: Middlesex[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Hamilton Unopposed
Conservative hold
  • Constituency divided in the 1885 redistribution

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b "Brentford Elections In The Past: scenes of riot, disorder and tumult" Brentford TW8: Brentford's local website Accessed 2017-60-03
  2. ^ Reform Act 1867, Sch. B & Sch. C Legislation.gov.uk Publisher: UK Government. Accessed 2017-08-19
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "History of Parliament". Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Charlton, Sir Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/92982. Retrieved 1 December 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  5. ^ Cavill. The English Parliaments of Henry VII 1485-1504.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 206–208. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  7. ^ "Middlesex Election". Leeds Times. 17 January 1835. p. 2. Retrieved 17 May 2019 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ^ Mosse, Richard Bartholomew (1838). The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc. pp. 127–128. Retrieved 17 May 2019 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ "Forthcoming Elections". London Daily News. 31 July 1847. p. 4. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  10. ^ Pollard, Alfred Frederick (1901). "Grosvenor, Robert (1801-1893)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  11. ^ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 177. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ "Ralph Bernal". Legacies of British Slave-ownership. University College London. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  13. ^ Malcolmson, A. P. W. (2006). The Pursuit of the Heiress: Aristocratic Marriage in Ireland 1740-1840 (Illustrated ed.). Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 176. ISBN 9781903688656. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  14. ^ "The Brazil Controversy". The Spectator. 18 February 1865. p. 13. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  15. ^ Rubinstein, William D.; Jolles, Michael A.; Rubinstein, Hilary L., eds. (2011). The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-4039-3910-4. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  16. ^ Hawkins, Angus (2015). Victorian Political Culture: 'Habits of Heart & Mind'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-19-872848-1. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  17. ^ "Members Returned, with Their Political Predilections". Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette. 12 August 1847. p. 2. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  18. ^ "Middlesex". Coventry Standard. 10 April 1857. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  19. ^ "Portsmouth Times and Naval Gazette". 18 April 1857. p. 6. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ^ "Latest News". York Herald. 5 September 1857. p. 7. Retrieved 15 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ^ "Representation of Middlesex". Leeds Mercury. 1 September 1857. p. 4. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ^ "Representation of Middlesex". London Daily News. 2 September 1857. p. 4. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  23. ^ a b Escott, Margaret. "Middlesex". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 424–425. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  25. ^ "Middlesex Election". Marylebone Mercury. 7 May 1859. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

Sources

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  • British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
  • The House of Commons 1509-1558, by S.T. Bindoff (Secker & Warburg 1982)
  • The House of Commons 1558-1603, by P.W. Hasler (HMSO 1981)
  • The House of Commons 1660-1690, by Basil Duke Henning (Secker & Warburg 1983)
  • The House of Commons 1715-1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
  • The House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
  • The House of Commons 1790-1820, by R.G. Thorne (Secker & Warburg 1986)
  • The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844-50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
  • Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
  • D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
  • Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [2]
  • List of members nominated for Parliament of 1653 at British History Online [3]