The Mica Bay Incident (also known as the Michipicoten War or the Mica Bay Uprising[1]) was a land and resources dispute in along the shore of Lake Superior in November 1849. It is partially responsible for the signing of the 1850 Robinson-Huron Treaty.
Background
editThe political tensions leading up to the incident reflect ongoing Indigenous concerns around land rights, mineral extraction, and corporate/crown encroachment on traditional territories.[2]
Incident
editIn 1849 a group of First Nations and Métis people were displeased with ongoing mineral extraction by local mining companies.[3] This mining was occurring outside of a negotiated treaty and contrary to the 1763 Royal Proclamation's statements on Indigenous land and resource rights. In November 1849 a group traveled from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario to Mica Bay on the shore of Lake Superior.[4] Upon arrival at Mica Bay the group attacked copper mining sites established by the Quebec Mining Company, with the goal of forcing the Company off the land. Over 100 soldiers were sent to put down the incident and in December a number of the leaders were arrested and detained in Toronto.[5]
Leaders of the incident included Chief Shingawukonse (Garden River), Chief Nebenaigoching (Batchewana), Chief Oshawana (Walpole Island), Allan Macdonell, Metcalfe, and others.[6]
Aftermath
editThe Mica Bay incident is known as the tipping point which forced the government to negotiate treaty agreements with Indigenous communities in the Lake Huron and Lake Superior region.[5] The Mica Bay Incident occurred shortly before the signing of the Robinson Treaties.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. September 11, 2017. Retrieved 2022-09-10.
- ^ Hodgins, Bruce W. (2003). Blockages & Resistance: Studies in Actions of Peace and the Temagami Blackades of 1988-89. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 75–85.
- ^ "Historic Metis in Ontario: Wawa and Environs" (PDF). Metis Nation of Ontario. August 12, 1999.
- ^ Branch, Government of Canada; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications. "The Robinson Treaties (1850)". www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b nurun.com. "More than 150 years later, natives still fighti..." Sault Star. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
- ^ nurun.com. "Prince's appointment not punishment". Sault Star. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
Further reading
edit- Wightman, Nancy M.; Wightman, W. Robert (1991). "The Mica Bay Affair: Conflict on the Upper-Lakes Mining Frontier, 1840–1850". Ontario History. 83 (1). Ontario Historical Society.