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In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.
In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor.
Illicit drug precursors
editIn 1988, the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances introduced detailed provisions and requirements relating the control of precursors used to produce drugs of abuse.
In Europe the Regulation (EC) No. 273/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council on drug precursors was adopted on 11 February 2004. (European law on drug precursors)
Illicit explosives precursors
editOn January 15, 2013, the Regulation (EU) No. 98/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the marketing and use of explosives precursors was adopted. The Regulation harmonises rules across Europe on the making available, introduction, possession and use, of certain substances or mixtures that could be misused for the illicit manufacture of explosives.[1]
Detection
editA portable, advanced sensor based on infrared spectroscopy in a hollow fiber matched to a silicon-micromachined fast gas chromatography column can analyze illegal stimulants and precursors with nanogram-level sensitivity.[2]
Raman spectroscopy has been successfully tested to detect explosives and their precursors.[3]
Technologies able to detect precursors in the environment could contribute to an early location of sites where illegal substances (both explosives and drugs of abuse) are produced.[4][5][6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Regulation (EU) No 98/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2013 on the marketing and use of explosives precursors Text with EEA relevance". Archived from the original on 2017-09-13. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
- ^ S. Mengali; D. Luciani; R. Viola; N. Liberatore; S. Zampolli; I. Elmi; G. Cardinali; A. Poggi; E. Dalcanale; E. Biavardi; P. Esseiva; O. Delemont; F. Bonadio; F.S. Romolo (30 January 2013). "Toward street detection of amphetamines". SPIE Newsroom. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-19.
- ^ Trace detection of explosives and their precursors by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. S. Almaviva, S. Botti, L. Cantarini, A. Palucci, A. Puiu, A. Rufoloni, L. Landstrom, F.S. Romolo. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Article number 854602, Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and Defence VIII; Edinburgh; United Kingdom (2012) Code 96354.
- ^ Desmet, Cloé; Degiuli, Agnes; Ferrari, Carlotta; Romolo, Francesco; Blum, Loïc; Marquette, Christophe (2017). "Electrochemical Sensor for Explosives Precursors' Detection in Water". Challenges. 8: 10. doi:10.3390/challe8010010. hdl:10446/137736.
- ^ Ferrari, Carlotta; Ulrici, Alessandro; Romolo, Francesco (2017). "Expert System for Bomb Factory Detection by Networks of Advance Sensors". Challenges. 8: 1. doi:10.3390/challe8010001. hdl:10446/137738.
- ^ Romolo, Francesco Saverio; Connell, Samantha; Ferrari, Carlotta; Suarez, Guillaume; Sauvain, Jean-Jacques; Hopf, Nancy B. (2016). "Locating bomb factories by detecting hydrogen peroxide" (PDF). Talanta. 160: 15–20. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.033. PMID 27591582.