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Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

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The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation founded in 1969 has 57 members, 56 of which are also member states of the United Nations, with 48 countries being Muslim majority countries. Some member countries, especially in West Africa and South America, such as Ivory Coast, Guyana, Gabon, Mozambique, Nigeria, Suriname, Togo and Uganda – though with large Muslim populations – are not necessarily Muslim majority countries.[1] A few countries with significant Muslim populations, such as Russia and Thailand, sit as Observer States.

Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Member states of the OIC in dark green, observer states in light green, suspended states in purple.
CategorySovereign state
LocationOrganisation of Islamic Cooperation
Created
  • 1969
Number57 members & 5 observer states (as of 2022)
Possible types
  • Republics (47)
  • Monarchies (10)
PopulationsIncrease 2 billion

The collective population of OIC member states is over 2 billion as of 2022.

Member states

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Continent
Africa Asia Europe South America Transcontinental
Member state
 Joined
 Population
 Muslim percentage
 Area (km2)
 Languages
 Notes
  Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul 		1969 41,144,133[2] 99.7[3] 652,230 Dari
Pashto 		Suspended 1980 – March 1989.
  Algeria
Capital: Algiers 		1969 45,847,599[2] 97.9[4] 2,381,741 Arabic
Tamazight
  Chad
Capital: N'Djamena 		1969 17,616,172[2] 55.3[5] 1,284,000 Arabic
French
  Egypt
Capital: Cairo 		1969 107,206,514[2] 94.9[6] 1,002,450 Arabic Originally as   United Arab Republic. Suspended May 1979 – March 1984 after signing a peace treaty with Israel.[7]
  Guinea[note 1]
Capital: Conakry 		1969 14,033,298[2] 84.4[8] 245,857 French
  Indonesia
Capital: Jakarta 		1969 280,813,676[2] 87.2[9] 1,904,569 Indonesian
  Iran
Capital: Tehran 		1969 86,708,850[2] 99.5[10] 1,648,195 Persian

Azerbaijani and other Turkic languages Kurdish

  Jordan
Capital: Amman 		1969 10,458,701[2] 97.2[11] 89,342 Arabic
  Kuwait
Capital: Kuwait City 		1969 4,429,966[2] 74.1[12] 17,818 Arabic
  Lebanon
Capital: Beirut 		1969 6,748,419[2] 61.3[13] 10,452 Arabic
  Libya
Capital: Tripoli 		1969 7,107,348[2] 96.6[14] 1,759,540 Arabic
  Malaysia
Capital: Kuala Lumpur 		1969 33,412,468[2] 63.7[15] 330,803 Malay
  Mali
Capital: Bamako 		1969 21,723,855[2] 94.4[16] 1,240,192 Bambara
  Mauritania
Capital: Nouakchott 		1969 4,957,932[2] 99.1[17] 1,030,700 Arabic
  Morocco
Capital: Rabat 		1969 38,013,335[2] 99.9[18] 446,550 Arabic
Tamazight
  Niger
Capital: Niamey 		1969 17,138,707[2] 98.4[19] 1,267,000 French
  Pakistan
Capital: Islamabad 		1969 207,774,520[2] 96.4[20] 881,912 Urdu
English
  Palestine[21] 1969[22] 4,420,549[2] 97.6[23][note 2] 6,220 Arabic
  Saudi Arabia
Capital: Riyadh 		1969 29,994,272[2] 93.0[24] 2,149,690 Arabic
  Senegal
Capital: Dakar 		1969 12,873,601[2] 96.4[25] 196,722 French
  Somalia
Capital: Mogadishu 		1969 10,806,000[2] 99.8[26] 637,657 Arabic
Somali
  Sudan
Capital: Khartoum 		1969 37,289,406[2] 90.7[27][note 3] 1,886,068 Arabic
English
  Tunisia
Capital: Tunis 		1969 10,886,500[2] 99.5[29] 163,610 Arabic
  Turkey
Capital: Ankara 		1969 76,667,864[2] 97.8[30] 783,562 Turkish
  Yemen
Capital: Sana'a 		1969 25,235,000[2] 99.1[31] 527,968 Arabic Joined separately as   North Yemen and   South Yemen. Both unified in 1990.
  Bahrain
Capital: Manama 		1970 1,234,571[2] 70.3[32] 765 Arabic
  Oman
Capital: Muscat 		1970 4,020,000[2] 85.9[33] 309,500 Arabic
  Qatar
Capital: Doha 		1970 2,174,035[2] 67.7[34] 11,586 Arabic
  Syria
Capital: Damascus 		1970 21,987,000[2] 92.8[35] 185,180 Arabic

Kurdish

Suspended in August 2012 during the Syrian civil war.[36]

  United Arab Emirates
Capital: Abu Dhabi 		1971 9,446,000[2] 76.9[37] 83,600 Arabic
  Sierra Leone
Capital: Freetown 		1972 6,190,280[2] 78.0[38] 71,740 English
  Bangladesh
Capital: Dhaka 		1974 165,158,616[39] 90.4[40] 147,570 Bengali
  Gabon
Capital: Libreville 		1974 1,711,000[2] 11.2[41] 267,668 French
  The Gambia
Capital: Banjul 		1974 1,882,450[2] 95.1[42] 11,295 English
  Guinea-Bissau
Capital: Bissau 		1974 1,746,000[2] 45.1[43] 36,125 Portuguese
  Uganda
Capital: Kampala 		1974 47,729,952[2] 11.5[44] 241,550 English
Swahili
  Burkina Faso[note 4]
Capital: Ouagadougou 		1975 22,489,126[2] 61.6[45] 274,200 French
  Cameroon
Capital: Yaoundé 		1975 30,135,732[2] 18.3[46] 475,442 French
English
  Comoros
Capital: Moroni 		1976 850,886[2] 98.3[47] 2,235 Comorian
French
Arabic
  Iraq
Capital: Baghdad 		1976 43,500,000[2] 99.0[48] 438,317 Arabic
Kurdish
  Maldives
Capital: Malé 		1976 317,280[2] 98.4[49] 300 Dhivehi
  Djibouti
Capital: Djibouti 		1978 886,000[2] 96.9[50] 23,200 Arabic
French
  Benin
Capital: Porto-Novo 		1982 9,988,068[2] 23.8[51] 112,622 French
  Brunei
Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan 		1984 393,162[2] 75.1[52] 5,765 Malay
  Nigeria
Capital: Abuja 		1986 206,630,269[2] 53.5[53] 923,768 English
  Azerbaijan
Capital: Baku 		1991 9,477,100[2] 96.9[54] 86,600 Azerbaijani
  Albania
Capital: Tirana 		1992 2,821,977[2] 56.7[55] 28,748 Albanian
  Kyrgyzstan
Capital: Bishkek 		1992 5,976,570[2] 88.0[56] 199,951 Kyrgyz
Russian
  Tajikistan
Capital: Dushanbe 		1992 8,860,000[2] 96.7[57] 143,100 Tajiki
  Turkmenistan
Capital: Ashgabat 		1992 5,607,000[2] 93.0[58] 488,100 Turkmen
  Mozambique
Capital: Maputo 		1994 23,700,715[2] 18.0[59] 801,590 Portuguese
  Kazakhstan
Capital: Astana 		1995 17,244,000[2] 70.4[60] 2,724,900 Kazakh
Russian
  Uzbekistan
Capital: Tashkent 		1995 33,492,800[2] 96.7[61] 447,400 Uzbek
  Suriname
Capital: Paramaribo 		1996 534,189[2] 15.2[62] 163,820 Dutch
  Togo
Capital: Lomé 		1997 6,993,000[2] 14.0[63] 56,785 French
  Guyana
Capital: Georgetown 		1998 784,894[2] 6.4[64] 214,969 English
  Côte d'Ivoire
Capital: Yamoussoukro 		2001 23,202,000[2] 42.5[65] 322,463 French

Observer states

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Observer state
 Joined
 Population
 Muslim percentage
 Area (km2)
 Languages
 Notes
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital: Sarajevo 		1994 3,791,622[2] 50.7[66] 51,209 Bosnian
Serbian
Croatian 		Given an invitation in 2013 by the OIC to join as a full member.[67]
  Central African Republic
Capital: Bangui 		1997 4,709,000[2] 8.5[68] 622,984 French
  Northern Cyprus
Capital: Nicosia 		1979[69] 382,836[70] 99[71][note 5] 3,355 Turkish
Further details
Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation[69] and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[73]
  • Designation changed in 2004[74]
  • Egypt, Iran and the United Arab Emirates requested at September 2014's summit of the OIC in New York City that the Turkish Cypriot State not be referred to in the meeting conclusions.[75][76][77]
  • OIC SG received the president and foreign minister of Northern Cyprus.[78][79]
  • In 2017, Northern Cyprus was represented with its official name "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" for the first time at an OIC conference in Saudi Arabia.[80][81]
  Thailand
Capital: Bangkok 		1998 64,456,700[2] 5.5[82] 513,120 Thai
  Russia
Capital: Moscow 		2005 146,048,500[2] 10.0[83] 17,125,242 Russian

Withdrawn

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Suspended or withdrawn state Joined Notes
  Zanzibar 1993 Withdrew August 1993

Observer organisations and communities

edit
Organisation or community Joined Notes
  Moro National Liberation Front 1977 Blocking membership of the Philippines

Observer Islamic institutions

edit
Islamic institution Joined Notes
Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States 2000
Islamic Conference Youth Forum for Dialogue and Cooperation 2005

Observer international organisations

edit
Organisation Joined Notes
League of Arab States 1975
United Nations 1976
Non-Aligned Movement 1977
African Union 1977
Economic Cooperation Organization 1995

Collaborating organization[84]

edit
Organisation
European Union

Membership attempts

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  •   Belarus – Requested observer status in 2010.[85][86]
  •   Brazil – Requested observer status in 2011.[87]
  •   Central African Republic – Requested full membership in 2002.[85][88]
  •   China – Requested observer status in 2012.[89]
  •   Democratic Republic of Congo – Requested observer status in 2008[90] and full membership in 2011.[86]
  •   India – India, where Muslims are a very big population had shown an interest in joining the OIC as a member state at the time of its formation.[91] However, it was opposed by Pakistan. India has never made a formal application to join OIC as an observer or as a member state.[92] While India's potential candidacy is supported by some OIC members,[93] Pakistan's strong opposition and threat to boycott the OIC has effectively led to India's inclusion in the OIC being blocked. The Pakistan Foreign Office has argued that India's inclusion in OIC would violate the rules of the OIC, which require that an aspirant state should not have an ongoing conflict with a member state.[94]
  •   Kenya – Requested full membership in 2011.[86]
  •   Liberia – Requested full membership in November 2016.[95]
  •   Mauritius – Requested full membership in 2002.[85][88]
  •     Nepal – Requested observer status in 2008.[90]
  •   Philippines – Requested observer status in 2008.[90] The Philippine government has made attempts to join the OIC, but this is opposed by the Moro National Liberation Front, an OIC observer located in the Philippines. The MNLF claims that Philippine membership is unnecessary[citation needed]. In 2009, the country's bid received stronger support and has been advocated by Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, and the United Arab Emirates, among others.[96][97][98][99] In 2019, one of the leaders of the MNLF, Nir Misuari, was appointed as a special envoy to the organization.[100]
  •   Serbia – Requested observer status in 2008.[90]
  •   South Africa – Requested observer status in 2002.[90]
  •   Sri Lanka – Requested observer status in 2008.[90]

Notes

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  1. ^ Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
  2. ^ It is not clear whether this figure includes areas such as Gaza, East Jerusalem, and other parts of the Israeli-occupied West Bank that are not controlled by the Palestinian Authority.
  3. ^ This 2010 figure does not include South Sudan, even though it only gained independence from Sudan in 2011. Pew Research Center gives 6.2% for South Sudan's Muslim population in 2010.[28]
  4. ^ Also known as Burkina; formerly referred to as Upper Volta, its official name until 1984.
  5. ^ This figure is published in 2013, unlike the Pew Research Center figures which are from 2010. Pew does not appear to have separate figures for Northern Cyprus, which is not a widely recognised state, but gives 25.3% as the Muslim percentage of the whole of Cyprus in 2010.[72]

References

edit
  1. ^ "Economies of the ummah".
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh "Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  3. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Afghanistan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  4. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Algeria. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  5. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Chad. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  6. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Egypt. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  7. ^ "Timeline: Organisation of the Islamic Conference". BBC. 26 December 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  8. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Guinea. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  9. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Indonesia. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  10. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Iran. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  11. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Jordan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  12. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Kuwait. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  13. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Lebanon. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  14. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Libya. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  15. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Malaysia. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  16. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Mali. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  17. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Mauritania. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  18. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Morocco. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  19. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Niger. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  20. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Pakistan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  21. ^ The State of Palestine succeeded the seat of the Palestine Liberation Organization following the 1988 Palestinian Declaration of Independence.
  22. ^ "Member States". new.oic-oci.org. OIC. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  23. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Palestinian Territories. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  24. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Saudi Arabia. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  25. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Senegal. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  26. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Somalia. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  27. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Sudan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  28. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: South Sudan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  29. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Tunisia. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  30. ^ "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  31. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Yemen. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  32. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Bahrain. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  33. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Oman. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  34. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Qatar. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  35. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Syria. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  36. ^ "Organization of Islamic Cooperation suspends Syria's membership". Al Arabiya. 2012-08-13. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  37. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: United Arab Emirates. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  38. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Sierra Leone. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  39. ^ "জনসংখ্যা সাড়ে ১৬ কোটি, অধিকাংশ নারী, কমেছে হিন্দু জনগোষ্ঠীর হার". BBC News বাংলা.
  40. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Bangladesh. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  41. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Gabon. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  42. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Gambia. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  43. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Guinea-Bissau. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  44. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Uganda. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  45. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Burkina Faso. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  46. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Cameroon. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  47. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Comoros. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  48. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Iraq. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  49. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Maldives. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  50. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Djibouti. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  51. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Benin. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  52. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Brunei. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  53. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Nigeria. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  54. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Azerbaijan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  55. ^ 2011 Census-AL. INSTAT. 2011.
  56. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Kyrgyzstan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  57. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Tajikistan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  58. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Turkmenistan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  59. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Mozambique. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  60. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Kazakhstan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  61. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Uzbekistan. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  62. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Suriname. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  63. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Togo. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  64. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Guyana. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  65. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Ivory Coast. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  66. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Bosnia-Herzegovina. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  67. ^ Efendic, Kenan (2013-04-16). "OIC Invites Bosnia to Become Full Member". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  68. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Central African Republic. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  69. ^ a b "Common Page: Observer states". new.oic-oci.org. OIC. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  70. ^ Muhammet İkbal Arslan (10 October 2022). "KKTC'nin nüfusu 382 bin 836 olarak hesaplandı" (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency.
  71. ^ Kevin Boyle; Juliet Sheen (2013). Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report. Routledge. p. 290. ISBN 978-1-134-72229-7.
  72. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Cyprus. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  73. ^ See The World Factbook|Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 17 January 2006.
  74. ^ The Turkish Cypriot community of Cyprus became an OIC "observer community" in 1979 under the name "Turkish Muslim community of Cyprus". The 31st OIC Meeting of Foreign Ministers which met in Istanbul in June 2004, decided that the Turkish Cypriot Community (represented by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) will participate in the OIC meetings under the name envisaged in the Annan Plan for Cyprus (i.e. "Turkish Cypriot constituent state of the United Cyprus Republic" or Turkish Cypriot State in short). OIC Official Website Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  75. ^ [1] The World Bulletin news: Egypt's Sisi demands Turkish Cypriots removed from OIC
  76. ^ [2] Archived 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Egypt's Sisi tells Turks to get out of Cyprus
  77. ^ [3] Archived 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine OIC says «NO» to «Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus»
  78. ^ OIC[permanent dead link‍] OIC Secretary General receives Foreign Minister Turkish Cypriot State
  79. ^ OIC[permanent dead link‍] Madani meets...the President of TRNC...
  80. ^ TRNC Public Information Office TRNC represented with its official name for the first time at OIC conference.
  81. ^ Kibris Postasi, 9 Feb 2017 Archived 22 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Minister Saner: "Our country was designated as "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" in a OIC conference for the first time.
  82. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Thailand. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  83. ^ Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Russia. Pew Research Center. 2010.
  84. ^ "Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the EU | EEAS".
  85. ^ a b c "Le Secrétariat général demande d'accélérer l'adoption du Règlement portant conditions d'obtention du statut d'observateur auprès de l'OCI" (in French). Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. 2011-01-17. Archived from the original on 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  86. ^ a b c "Serbia requests OIC observer status". B92. 2011-07-01. Archived from the original on 2013-02-21. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  87. ^ "Brazil Requests To Join OIC As Observer State". IPOTNEWS. 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  88. ^ a b Chickrie, Ray (2011-06-13). "Brazil to join Guyana and Suriname in Islamic bloc". Caribbean News Now!. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  89. ^ "China seeks to be OIC observer member". New Straits Times. 2012-06-28. Archived from the original on 2012-11-06. Retrieved 2013-08-03.
  90. ^ a b c d e f "OIC Secretary General Calls for Early Adoption of Rules for Access to Observer Status". Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. 2011-01-17. Retrieved 2013-08-02.[permanent dead link‍]
  91. ^ Mustafa El-Feki: http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/730/in1.htm An Indo-Arab blunder? Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine[4] Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine Al-Ahram, 17–23 February 2005.
  92. ^ Iran to view favourably India's entry into OIC : [5][dead link‍] The Hindu21 July 2000.
  93. ^ Observer status for India at OIC: King Abdullah Expressindia.com, 22 January 2006.
  94. ^ Pak disapproves Saudi king's comments on India's OIC entry Rediff News, 23 January 2006.
  95. ^ "Liberia Seeks Membership To Islamic Body". Global News Network. 2016-11-17. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  96. ^ "RP nears observer status in OIC – DFA – INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos". Globalnation.inquirer.net. 2009-05-26. Archived from the original on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
  97. ^ "EZ2 Lotto Luzon | Manila Bulletin". Mb.com.ph. 2009-04-15. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
  98. ^ "RP closer to becoming observer-state in Organization of Islamic Conference | Home >> The Filipino Global Community >> Philippines". The Philippine Star. 2009-05-29. Archived from the original on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
  99. ^ "DFA: 'Technicalities' blocking RP bid for OIC observer status – Nation – GMA News Online – Latest Philippine News". Gmanews.tv. 26 May 2009. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
  100. ^ ABS-CBN News (14 December 2019). "Duterte appoints Misuari as special envoy to international Islamic agency". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2019-12-14.
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