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Mator or Motor is an extinct Uralic language belonging to the group of Samoyedic languages, extinct since around 1839. It was spoken in the northern region of the Sayan Mountains in Siberia, close to the Mongolian north border. The speakers of Mator, Matorians or Mators, lived in a wide area from the eastern parts of the Minusinsk District (okrug) along the Yenisei River to the region of Lake Baikal. Three dialects of Mator were recorded: Mator proper as well as Taygi and Karagas (occasionally portrayed as separate languages, but their differences are few). Mator was influenced by Mongolic, Tungusic and Turkic languages before it went extinct, and may have even been possibly influenced by the Iranic languages.[3][page needed] It went extinct as a result of the Mator people shifting linguistically to the related Kamas language or nearby Altaic-sprachbund languages, like Buryat, Soyot, Khakas, Evenki and Tatar.[4]
| Mator | |
|---|---|
| Motor, Mator-Taigi-Karagas | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | northern Sayan Mountains |
| Ethnicity | Mators, possibly also Soyots, Karagas |
| Extinct | 1839 |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:mtm – Matorymt – Mator-Taygi-Karagas (deprecated) |
mtm | |
ymt | |
| Glottolog | mato1250nucl1288 |
 | |
 | |
Today the term "Mator people" is simply a name of a seok of the Koibal, one of the five territorial sub-division groups of the Khakas. (Note that the name "Koibal" likewise derives from the related Samoyedic Koibal language).
Mator has been frequently grouped together with Selkup and Kamassian as "South Samoyedic". This is however a grouping by geographical area, and not considered to constitute an actual sub-branch of the Samoyedic languages.
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Bilabial | Dental/ | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | (p) | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | (d) | (d͡ʒ) | (ɡ) | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | (ʃ) | h | ||
| voiced | (z) | (ʒ) | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Approximant | central | j | ||||
| lateral | l | |||||
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | ||||
| Close | short | i | y | (ɨ) | u |
| long | iː | yː | (ɨː)? | uː | |
| Mid | short | e | ø | ə | o |
| long | eː | øː? | əː | oː | |
| Open | short | æ | a | ||
| long | æː | aː | |||
| Reduced | e̽ | ||||
Lexicon
editBelow are some Mator words from Helimski 1997.[3][page needed]
- kälä 'fish'
- mondoh 'root'
- sörüh 'rain'
- kaduh 'storm'
- baada 'word'
- kaasa 'human'
- ämdä 'horn'
- täjbä 'nail'
- täär 'divide, share'
- köhö 'winter'
- öröh 'autumn'
- teite 'four'
- mən 'me, I'
- tən 'you'
- ter 'hair'
- ajba 'head'
- siime 'eye'
References
edit- ^ Rantanen, Timo; Vesakoski, Outi; Ylikoski, Jussi; Tolvanen, Harri (2021). "Geographical database of the Uralic languages". Zenodo (Data set). v. 1.0. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4784188.
- ^ Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (8 June 2022). Wichmann, Søren (ed.). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE. 17 (6): e0269648. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 9176854. PMID 35675367.
- ^ a b Helimski 1997.
- ^ Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena, eds. (2022). The oxford guide to the uralic languages. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198767664.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-876766-4.
- ^ a b Helimski 1997, p. 70.
Bibliography
edit- Helimski, Eugen (1997). Die Matorische Sprache: Wörterbuch – Grundzüge der Grammatik – Sprachgeschichte (PDF). Studia Uralo-Altaica (in German). Vol. 41. Szeged: University of Szeged. ISBN 9630481-881-1.
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