Marthe Hoffnung Cohn (born 13 April 1920) is a French author,[1][2] nurse, former spy and Holocaust survivor. She wrote about her experiences as a spy during the Holocaust in the book Behind Enemy Lines.
Marthe Cohn | |
|---|---|
| Born | Marthe Hoffnung 13 April 1920 Metz, France |
| Occupation(s) | Nurse, author |
| Awards |  Legion of Honour – Knight (2002) |
Early life
editOn 13 April 1920, Marthe Cohn was born as Marthe Hoffnung in Metz, France. She was born into an Orthodox Jewish family as one of seven children. Her family lived near the German border in France when Hitler rose to power. As the Nazi occupation escalated, her sister was sent to Auschwitz while her family fled to the south of France just after the reannexation of Alsace-Lorraine by France in 1918. Metz had been a German possession from 1871 to 1918, acquired as part of Alsace-Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian war and relinquished after World War I.[3] She witnessed antisemitism near home with the defacement of the Synagogue of Metz.[4]
Career
editIn September 1939, according to the order of civil evacuation, she hid, like many mosellans, at Poitiers in the department of Vienne. After the French Occupation in June 1940, and the annexation of the Moselle by the Third Reich in July 1940, she decided to stay in Vienne.
After the arrest of her sister Stéphanie by the Gestapo on the 17th of June 1942, Marthe organized her family's escape, from Poitiers to the free zone. There, she survived thanks to false papers, put together before she left. Her fiancé, Jacques Delaunay, a student she had met at Poitiers, who was actively engaged in the French resistance, was shot on the 6th of October 1943 at the fortress of Mont-Valérian, at Suresnes. In November 1943, Marthe Cohn finished her studies, which she had begun in October 1941 in Poitiers, at the nursing school of the French Red Cross, in Marseille. She then tried, in vain, to join the Resistance.
In November 1944, after the liberation of Paris, Marthe Hoffnung enlisted and became a member of the Intelligence Service of the French 1st Army, commanded by Marshal of France Jean de Lattre de Tassigny. After 14 unsuccessful attempts to cross the front in Alsace, she crossed the border into Germany near Schaffhausen in Switzerland. As a nurse fluent in German, she assumed the identity of a German nurse and claimed she was searching for her missing fiancée. She would then crawl back across the Swiss border to relay the information back to the French intelligence.[1] She was able to report to her service two major pieces of information: that northwest of Freiburg, the Siegfried Line had been evacuated and where the remnant of the German Army lay in ambush in the Black Forest.[5]
After the war Marthe returned to France to pursue a career as a nurse, but in 1956, while studying in Geneva, she met an American medical student, Major L. Cohn, who was the roommate of a friend. Within three years, they were married and living in the United States. Now both retired, they had worked together for years, he as an anesthesiologist and she as a nurse anesthetist.[1] Cohn lives in Palos Verdes, California.[6]
Cohn was decorated with the Croix de Guerre in 1945 with two citations (Decisions Number 134 signed by Le Lieutenant-Colonel Bouvet on August 9, 1945 & Number 1322 signed by Marechal Juin on November 10, 1945). In 1999, the French government awarded her the Médaille militaire, Decree Number 3465 MR 1999.[7] She was awarded the title of Knight of France's Legion of Honour (Decree Number 2702, MR 2004) by André Bord, the national veterans minister in 2002. In 2006, she was again honored by the Government of France with the Medaille of the Reconnaissance de la Nation.
In 2002, she co-authored with Wendy Holden a book about her experiences entitled, Behind Enemy Lines: the True Story of a French Jewish Spy in Nazi Germany and was published by Harmony Books. The book was translated into French by Helene Prouteau and published by Plon as well as Selection du Reader's Digest and The Editions Tallandier, a prestigious publishing house in Paris.
Awards and honors
edit- Croix de Guerre, 1945
- Médaille militaire,[1] 1999
- Legion of Honour, Knight 2002
- Woman of Valor, from the Simon Wiesenthal Center, 2002
- Medal of the Nation's Gratitude, 2006
- The Cross of the Order of Merit, Germany's Highest Honor[8]
Film
editA 2019 film, Chichinette: The Accidental Spy, is about Marthe Cohn's life and was made by writer-director Nicola Alice Hens and produced by Amos Geva.[2][9][10]
Bibliography
edit- Behind Enemy Lines: The True Story of a French Jewish Spy in Nazi Germany. Harmony Books. 2002. ISBN 978-0609610541.
- Derrière les lignes ennemies : Une espionne juive dans l'Allemagne nazie. Editions Tallandier. 2009. ISBN 978-2847346145.
References
edit- ^ a b c d Garrison, Jessica (July 14, 2000). "Past Catches Up to Palos Verdes Woman—Carrying a Medal". Los Angeles Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ a b Goldstein, Gary (14 April 2020). "Review: 'Chichinette' reveals the World War II spy exploits of a Palos Verdes centenarian". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021.
- ^ Berrar, Jean-Claude. (2009). Metz, retour à la France. Woippy: Serpenoise. ISBN 978-2-87692-784-1. OCLC 315137537.
- ^ Accart, Jean-Philippe (2010), "1. La démarche projet en vue de la création d'un service de questions-réponses en ligne", Mettre en œuvre un service de questions-réponses en ligne, Presses de l’enssib, pp. 16–33, doi:10.4000/books.pressesenssib.168, ISBN 978-2-910227-82-1, retrieved 2020-11-16
- ^ Mindell, Cindy (June 24, 2015). "Conversation with Marthe Cohn". Connecticut Jewish Ledger.
- ^ "Jewish History Month: Marthe Cohn, Holocaust survivor who kept spy identity secret for years, reflects on Russian invasion". ABC7 Los Angeles. May 27, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
- ^ "Décret du 4 août 2004 portant promotion et nomination".
- ^ Tugend, Tom. "Marthe Hoffnung Cohn Receives Germany's Highest Honor". AJC Global Jewish Advocacy. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ Brown, Hannah (October 17, 2019). "Haifa hosts the Jewish nurse who spied on the Nazis". The Jerusalem Post.
- ^ "Chichinette: The Accidental Spy". IMDb.
Further reading
edit- C-SPAN video
- Vowinkel, Heike (July 16, 2012). "Sie war 24, Jüdin und spionierte die Wehrmacht aus" [She was 24, Jewish, and spied on the Wehrmacht]. Die Welt (in German).
External links
edit- Chichinette: The Accidental Spy (2019) at IMDb, documentary about Cohn