Maringma-tepui, also written Mount Maringma and historically known as Mount Marima,[2] is a small tepui of the Pacaraima Mountains in Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Guyana. It is known as Malaima-tepui in the local Akawaio language.[1] Most published sources place it just inside Guyanese territory, very close to the border with Brazil, and around 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Roraima-tepui.[1][3][4][5][6][7] However, the mountain remains the subject of considerable toponymic confusion and its name has been applied to at least one other nearby peak.[nb a]
| Maringma-tepui | |
|---|---|
  Maringma-tepui Location in Guyana | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,147 m (7,044 ft)[1] |
| Coordinates | 05°13′N 60°35′W / 5.217°N 60.583°W[1] |
| Geography | |
| Location | Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Guyana |
The village of Wayalayeng lies at the base of Maringma-tepui and it is from here that the mountain was explored in May–July 2004 by a botanical team of the Smithsonian Institution.[3] Led by David Clarke, this was the first expedition to reach the mountain's summit.[5] It was followed by two further expeditions in February 2006 and late 2007, by Bruce Means and Philippe J. R. Kok et al., respectively.[5]
Maringma-tepui has a maximum elevation of around 2,147 m (7,044 ft)[1] or 2,134 m (7,001 ft).[3] The summit plateau has an area of roughly 170 hectares (420 acres) and is highly uneven, allowing water to collect in many deep, swamp-like pools.[5] It is predominantly covered in low-growing "tepui meadow" vegetation, quaking peat bog, and some dwarf forests of Bonnetia roraimae, with few areas of exposed rock.[1][5] The dominant plant families include Bonnetiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Clusiaceae, Orchidaceae, Rapateaceae, Sarraceniaceae, and Xyridaceae.[1] Temperatures vary widely on the summit plateau, with extremes of 13.5 and 37.5 °C recorded over a five-day period.[5]
Native herpetofauna include the lizard species Arthrosaura hoogmoedi[1] and Pantepuisaurus rodriguesi[5] (Gymnophthalmidae), as well as the frog species Adelophryne patamona (Eleutherodactylidae);[8] Anomaloglossus kaiei,[7] Anomaloglossus megacephalus,[9] and Anomaloglossus praderioi[7] (Aromobatidae); and Oreophrynella macconnelli and Oreophrynella seegobini (Bufonidae).[10]
See also
editNotes
edit- a.^ The maps provided in Sarraceniaceae of South America place Maringma-tepui on the Brazil–Venezuela border, some distance southeast of Roraima-tepui.[11] The book's authors also state that Maringma-tepui was incorrectly called "Mount Yakontipu" by Fleischmann et al. (2007)[12] in their description of Drosera solaris.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Kok, P.J.R. (20 October 2008). A new highland species of Arthrosaura Boulenger, 1885 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Maringma tepui on the border of Guyana and Brazil. Zootaxa 1909: 1–15. ["first page" (PDF).]
- ^ Maguire, B. (March 1948). Plant explorations in Guiana in 1944, chiefly to the Tafelberg and the Kaieteur Plateau—II. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 75(2): 189–230. JSTOR 2485397
- ^ a b c Kelloff, C.L., S.N. Alexander, V.A. Funk & H.D. Clarke (2011). Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1995–2004, H. David Clarke. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 97: i–viii, 1–307.
- ^ BDG Plant Collectors: David Clarke. National Museum of Natural History.
- ^ a b c d e f g Kok, P.J.R. (2 February 2009). Lizard in the clouds: a new highland genus and species of Gymnophthalmidae (Reptilia: Squamata) from Maringma tepui, western Guyana. Zootaxa 1992: 53–67. ["first page" (PDF).]
- ^ Kok, P.J.R., R.D. MacCulloch, D.B. Means, K. Roelants, I. Van Bocxlaer & F. Bossuyt (7 August 2012). "Low genetic diversity in tepui summit vertebrates" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-05. Current Biology 22(15): R589–R590. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.034 "supplementary information" (PDF).[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c Kok, P.J.R. (2010). A redescription of Anomaloglossus praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), with description of its tadpole and call. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 50(4): 51–68. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492010000400001
- ^ Fouquet, A., D. Loebmann, S. Castroviejo-Fisher, J.M. Padial, V.G.D. Orrico, M.L. Lyra, I.J. Roberto, P.J.R. Kok, C.F.B. Haddad & M.T. Rodrigues (November 2012). From Amazonia to the Atlantic forest: molecular phylogeny of Phyzelaphryninae frogs reveals unexpected diversity and a striking biogeographic pattern emphasizing conservation challenges. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(2): 547–561. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.012
- ^ Kok, P.J.R., R.D. MacCulloch, A. Lathrop, B. Willaert & F. Bossuyt (28 October 2010). A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. Zootaxa 2660: 18–32. ["first page" (PDF).]
- ^ Kok, P.J.R. (14 April 2009). A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconnelli Boulenger, 1900. Zootaxa 2071: 35–49. ["first page" (PDF).]
- ^ a b McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz (2011). Sarraceniaceae of South America. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ Fleischmann, A., A. Wistuba & S. McPherson (21 December 2007). Drosera solaris (Droseraceae), a new sundew from the Guayana Highlands. Willdenowia 37(2): 551–555. doi:10.3372/wi.37.37214
Further reading
edit- Strong, M.T. (17 January 2006). Taxonomy and distribution of Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae) in the Guianas, South America. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 53: 1–225.