The Mamma Haidara Commemorative Library is a private manuscript library in Timbuktu, Mali. Founded by Abdel Kader Haidara in 2000 and named in honor of his father, the library preserves one of the oldest and largest private manuscript collections in Timbuktu, with about 22,000 items.[1][2]
History
editThe library houses a collection founded in the 16th century by Mohamed El Mawlud. After the sack of Timbuktu by Moroccan soldiers in 1591, El Mawlud's descendants in the Haidara family kept their manuscripts in relative safety within the family home, as did other scholarly households in Timbuktu.[3]
During the 20th century, Mamma Haidara collected other Malian manuscripts and bought manuscripts in Egypt and Sudan. He had also helped collect over 2,500 historic manuscripts for the Ahmed Baba Institute before his death.[4] A judge, scholar, and teacher, Mamma Haidara amassed a large and historic personal collection of books and manuscripts over his lifetime.[5] By his death in 1981, he had built cooperative relationships with other manuscript libraries to promote the research, conservation, and exchange of manuscripts throughout Mali.[1]
Abdel Kader Haidara
editAfter his father's death in 1981, Abdel Kader Haidara was left his personal library. In 1984, Haidara was invited by the head of the Ahmed Baba Institute to continue his father's work and head the acquisition efforts of manuscripts for the library's collection.[4][6] Haidara agreed, and spent 12 years collecting manuscripts across the country from families and individuals.[6] These manuscripts, known as the Timbuktu Manuscripts, date from the 12th to early 20th centuries, and cover a wide range of subjects including history, philosophy and religion, science, medicine, and poetry, written in various languages.[7] Haidara began cataloging the library with support from the al-Furqan Heritage Foundation in London.[1] Haidara left the Ahmed Baba Institute in 1991 to focus on his personal collection.[8] In 1996, Haidara established a foundation for other families with large collections of Timbuktu Manuscripts called Savama-DCI, which received a grant from the Ford Foundation in Nigeria to build two new libraries in Mali, the Al-Wangari Library and the Allimam Ben Essayoutiand Library, and to hire professional archivists and conservators to preserve the texts.[4] Haidara became well-known for this work, hosting Henry Louis Gates and other prominent visitors, who helped Haidara secure a grant from the Andrew Mellon Foundation to open the Mamma Haidara Library in 2000.[4]
Beginning in 2008, some manuscripts from the library were digitized with the aid of funds from the Ford Foundation. Haidara traveled to New York in 2009, where manuscripts from his library were exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[9]
In 2010, the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., included manuscripts from the Mamma Haidara Commemorative Library in a web exhibit, "Ancient Manuscripts from the Desert Libraries of Timbuktu."[10]
In 2012, as Al-Qaeda allied militants threatened to occupy Timbuktu, Abdel Kader Haidara moved more than 350,000 of the library's manuscripts to Bamako for safekeeping.[11][12] The manuscripts were feared to be a target by militants because they were viewed as haram according to a very strict interpretation of Islamic belief, and held tremendous value for looters.[8][6] Haidara and his team packed the works of astronomy, poetry, history, and jurisprudence into metal chests which were then transported from the library using mule carts and small vehicles to safe-houses throughout the city, eventually making the 500 mile journey to Bamako.[8] A boat full of manuscripts being relocated was seized and held for ransom on the Niger River in one instance, and in others, Jihadists and Malian soldiers searched the cases, damaging some of the fragile documents.[8] In addition to militant threats, the manuscripts faced a danger in the climate of Bamako, which is much more humid than Timbuktu, and poses a risk to the condition and preservation of the texts.[7] As of 2016, the manuscripts Haidara and his team saved from the Mamma Haidara Library were still being held in safe-houses and storage lockers throughout Bamako.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c HUMA: Institute for Humanities in Africa. "The Mamma Haidara Memorial Library". Tombouctou Manuscripts Project. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Gwin, Peter (January 2011). "The telltale scribes of Timbuktu". National Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on December 19, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
- ^ Larson, Marisa; Krieger, Emily (October 2007). "Page protectors". National Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on March 22, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
- ^ a b c d Magazine, Smithsonian; Hammer, Joshua. "The Treasures of Timbuktu". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- ^ "Islamic Manuscripts from Mali - About the Collection - (Global Gateway from the Library of Congress)". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- ^ a b c d Martin, Michel (April 23, 2016). "Timbuktu's 'Badass Librarians': Checking Out Books Under Al-Qaida's Nose". NPR.org. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
- ^ a b Magazine, Smithsonian; Hammer, Joshua. "The Race to Save Mali's Priceless Artifacts". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- ^ a b c d Hammer, Joshua (2014-04-21). "The Brave Sage of Timbuktu: Abdel Kader Haidara | Innovators". Culture. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
- ^ Robert Goldwater Library (May 7, 2009). "Manuscripts of Timbuktu: selected resources". The Robert Goldwater Library Online Resource. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
- ^ Library of Congress (July 27, 2010). "Exhibition Overview: Ancient Manuscripts from the Desert Libraries of Timbuktu". Retrieved May 25, 2013.
- ^ Zanganeh, Lila Azam (January 29, 2013). "Has the great library of Timbuktu been lost?". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
- ^ Hammer, Joshua (2016). The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781476777405.
External links
edit- Library of Congress. Online Exhibition: Ancient Manuscripts from the Desert Libraries of Timbuktu.
- Savama-DCI