The courtesy title chevalier de Mailly is accorded in France to a younger brother of the marquis or the comte de Mailly in each generation. Though several have carried the designation,[1] the celebrated Louis (or Jean), chevalier de Mailly ([2]-?1724)— possibly a brother of Louis II de Mailly (1662-1699), comte de Mailly, Lords of Rubempré, seigneur de Rieux, seigneur d'Haucourt—[3] was the author of literary fairy tales, imaginary adventures, racy novels and romances, often published anonymously by necessity, sometimes published outside France. Departing from the formulas established by Mme d'Aulnoy, he introduced magic and marvels in his fairy tales to entertain his readers and bring his gallant lovers together. His fairy tales have often been reprinted and collected.
Life and works
editHe appears to have become embroiled in a gay scandal in 1682, in which an aristocratic underground circle practicing le vice italien was uncovered.[4] The supposed Confrérie italienne was even ascribed a constitution with a set of rules.[5]
The chevalier de Mailly contributed a poem to the Mercure Galant December 1700, on the occasion of the departure for Spain of the duc d'Anjou as Philippe V.[6] He declaimed his verses in the Café Procope, with the other wits of Paris.
Still, as a result of his scurrilous and anonymous secondary literary career, he could not fail to come to the attention of the lieutenant of police, Marc-Renée de Voyer d'Argenson, whose notes asserted that, far from being a godson of Louis XIV who had been wounded more than once in the armies of the King,[7] he was actually the bastard of a maid in the hôtel de Mailly, brought up, out of charity by the marquise de Mailly. The wife of a bookseller, Auroy, who had advanced him 50 écus testified against him in 1702; it appeared to her that the manuscript, La Fille capitaine,[8] instead of working up the personal memoirs of a well-known Parisian woman— recognizably the adventuress and singer Julie d'Aubigny—[9] which Mme Auroy had entrusted to him;, produced a result instead that proved to be too scandalous to publish: it featured bedroom scenes and an escaping nun setting a fire to her convent. It appears that Mailly was required to quit Paris. A follow-up report of 15 September 1711 noted that he had returned to Paris and, being apprehended, spent a month in the Châtelet, following which he retired quietly to Rouen,[10] where he seems to have remained, for his last work was printed there.
In the deductive reasoning shown by his princes of Serendip, taken up by Voltaire in Zadig, the chevalier de Mailly is sometimes credited as the originator of the clue-driven detective novel.[11] The tale was retold in English by Horace Walpole,[12] and the idea of serendipity passed into the English language.
Scholar Jack Zipes argues that de Mailly "display[ed] a wide knowledge of the literary sources" of 17th century French contes de fées, since at least three of his tales (namely, Blanche-Belle, Guérini and Fortunio) are reworkings of some of Straparola's tales.[13][14] He also suggests that de Mailly had some knowledge of folkloric sources, as demonstrated by the aforementioned tales and the story Le Bienfaisant ou Quiribirini ("The Benefactor or Quiribirini").[15]
Some works
editAll of the following, partly as listed at www.worldcatlibraries.org, were published at Paris except as noted. The chevallier de Mailly's works were quickly reprinted at Amsterdam, for the most part.
- Les disgraces des amans, nouvelle historique (1690)
- La Rome galante, ou Histoire secrète sous les règnes de Jules César et d'Auguste (1695/96) The author's name is given as L.C.D.M..
- Histoire de la republique de Genes: depuis l'an 464 de la fondation de Rome jusqu'a present (1696). It was praised in the Journal des Savants ix (1697) and reprinted in 1742, according to Louis-Georges de Bréquigny, who panned the production in his preface to his maiden production, Histoire des révolutions de Gênes: depuis son établissement jusqu' à la conclusion de la Paix de 1748, 1753.[16]
- Les Illustres Fées, contes galans dédiés aux dames (anonymously, 1698). These eleven fairy tales were often attributed to Madame d'Aulnoy. (on-line text)
- Blanche-Belle, a literary variant of tale type ATU 706, "The Maiden Without Hands", akin to Biancabella and the Snake.[17]
- Fortunio, literary variant of ATU 316, The Nixie of the Mill-Pond[18]
- Le Prince Guérini, a literary variant of type ATU 502, "The Wild Man as Helper", akin to Guerrino and the Savage Man[19]
- Incarnat, blanc et noir, a literary variant of tale type ATU 408, "The Love for Three Oranges"[20]
- La Reine de l'isle des fleurs (The Story of the Queen of the Flowery Isles), often misattributed to Madame d'Aulnoy[21][22]
- Le Roi Magicien (The Wizard King)[23]
- Le Prince Roger[24]
- Le Bienfaisant ou Quiribirini ("The Benefactor or Quiribirini")[25]
- Avantures et lettres galantes, avec La Promenade des Tuileries (1697) and its sequel L’Heureux Naufrage
- Le Triomphe de la Bazoche ; et Les amours de Maistre Sebastien Grapignan 1698. The author's name is given as L.C.D.M..
- Les Amours du comte de Clare (anonymously, Amsterdam 1700)
- Les Eaux d'Aix : nouvelle divertissante du mois de may 1701 (1701)
- Nouveau cabinet des fées
- Anecdote, ou histoire secrète des Vestales (1701)
- Entretien des caffées de Paris (1702)
- Diverses avantures de France et d'Espagne, nouvelles galantes & historiques ("1707", actually 1706)
- Nouvelles toutes nouvelles (1709)
- Histoire du Prince Erastus, fils de l'empereur Diocletien. (1709)
- Le Voyage et les avanturesdes trois princes de Sarendip (1719), a reworking of Cristoforo Armeno, Peregrinaggio di tre giovanni figlioli del Rè di Serendippo... dalla Persiana nell'Italiana trappartato (1557).[26] An English translation appeared in London in 1722.[27] Horace Walpole's retelling introduced serendipity to the English language.
- L'éloge de la chasse, avec plusieurs avantures surprenantes & agréables qui y sont arrivées (1723)
- Lettre au roy sur sa majorité (1723)
- Principales merveilles de la nature : où l'on traite de la substance de la terre, de la mer, des fleuves, lacs, rivieres, montagnes, rochers, &c. avec un précis des choses les plus surprenantes qui s'y voyent, comme animaux, poissons, arbres, plantes, fruits, diamants, &c. ; ouvrage rempli d'histoires, avantures & evénements extraordinaires arrivez dans l'Europe, l'Asie, l'Afrique & l'Amérique. Tiré des meilleurs auteurs anciens & modernes, enrichi de figures en taille-douce. (Rouen, 1723). This was his last work to appear.
Notes
edit- ^ The chevalier de Mailly, son of the marquis, was married in July 1687 to Mlle de Sainte-Hermine, a kinswoman of Mme de Maintenon; the King gave her 100,000 livres for a dowry and a position for the chevalier in the household of Monseigneur (Mémoires du marquis de Sourches sur le règne de Louis XIV (1883) vol. II p 62). The chevalier de Mailly (died 1757) of a later generation was chef de corps of dragoons in 1740, (Dragoons Archived 2007-05-05 at the Wayback Machine) thanks to the offices of his sister-in-law Mlle de Mailly, the second of three Nesle sisters who were successively mistresses to Louis XV. (Mémoires du duc de Luynes sur la cour de Louis XV vol. III (1860), under March 1740, pp 148ff).
- ^ A date 1657 is apparently wrong.
- ^ (Genealogy of the house of Mailly Archived March 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ Maurice Lever, Les bûchers de Sodome (Paris:Fayard) 1985 pp 156-67.
- ^ Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy's Histoire amoureuse des Gaulles in the chapter "La France devenue italienne"; letters of the Princess Palatine, the confidante of "Monsieur", Louis XIV's gay brother.
- ^ (on-line text )
- ^ According to a note attached to his secret police dossier.
- ^ Nothing is known of this work. Pierre Clément, La police sous Louis XIV p. 456.
- ^ Oscar Paul Gilbert, "Mademoiselle Maupin" Archived February 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Paul Cottin, editor, Rapports inedits du lieutenant de police René d'Argenson, (1697-1715), 278.
- ^ A. Craig Bell, "The rise and fall of the detective novel"Contemporary Review April 1998.
- ^ Walpole, The Three Princes of Serendip (1754)
- ^ The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Edited by Jack Zipes. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-19-968982-8
- ^ Ferrer, Juan José Prat. Historia del Cuento Traditional. Urueña: Fundación Joaquín Diaz. 2013. p. 235.
- ^ The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Edited by Jack Zipes. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-19-968982-8
- ^ "[L'oeuvre] porte tous les caracteres de la précipitation avec laquelle il fut composé. Diffus, plein de négligences, de redites, de méprises, de contradictions, il etoit peu digne des éloges qu'il reçut quand it parut & qui furent sans doute plutôt donnés à la naissance distinguées & au mérite personnel de l'auteur qu'à son Livre."
- ^ Trinquet, Charlotte. Le conte de fées français (1690-1700): Traditions italiennes et origines aristocratiques. Narr Verlag. 2012. p. 216. ISBN 978-3-8233-6692-8
- ^ Trinquet, Charlotte. Le conte de fées français (1690-1700): Traditions italiennes et origines aristocratiques. Narr Verlag. 2012. p. 217. ISBN 978-3-8233-6692-8
- ^ Trinquet, Charlotte. Le conte de fées français (1690-1700): Traditions italiennes et origines aristocratiques. Narr Verlag. 2012. p. 217. ISBN 978-3-8233-6692-8
- ^ Barchilon, Jacques. "Souvenirs et réflexions sur le conte merveilleux". In: Littératures classiques, n°14, janvier 1991. Enfance et littérature au XVIIe siècle. pp. 243-244. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/licla.1991.1282]; www.persee.fr/doc/licla_0992-5279_1991_num_14_1_1282
- ^ Duggan, Anne E. and Haase, Donald (eds.) with Helen J. Callow. Folktales and Fairy Tales: Traditions and Texts from around the World. 2nd edition. Volume 2. Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado: ABC-CLIO/Greenwood. 2016. p. 610. ISBN 978-1-61069-254-0
- ^ Ferrer, Juan José Prat. Historia del Cuento Tradicional. Urueña: Fundación Joaquín Diaz. 2013. p. 235.
- ^ The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Edited by Jack Zipes. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-19-968982-8
- ^ The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Edited by Jack Zipes. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-19-968982-8
- ^ The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Edited by Jack Zipes. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-19-968982-8
- ^ Leon Fraser, "A Study in Literary Genealogy" Modern Language Notes 21.8 (December 1906), pp. 245-247.
- ^ "The Novel in Europe, 1722" Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
References
edit- Lafond, Jean. "Le Chevalier de Mailly auteur des Maximes dites de Mère." Studi Francesi 14 (1970).
- Hannon, Patricia. "Feminine voice and the motivated text: Madame d'Aulnoy and the Chevalier de Mailly." Marvels & Tales 2.1 (1988) pp 13–24.
External links
edit- Works by or about Chevalier de Mailly at the Internet Archive
- Works by Chevalier de Mailly at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- "Journaux et critiques littéraires" Mailly's Entretien des caffées briefly quoted.
