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Chittoor

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For other uses, see Chittoor (disambiguation).

Chittoor is a city and district headquarters in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also the mandal and divisional headquarters of Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division respectively.[7] The city has a population of 189,332.[8]

Chittoor
City
Chittoor railway station
Chittoor railway station
Chittoor is located in Andhra Pradesh
Chittoor
Chittoor
Chittoor is located in India
Chittoor
Chittoor
Coordinates: 13°12′58″N 79°05′53″E / 13.216°N 79.098°E / 13.216; 79.098
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
RegionRayalaseema
DistrictChittoor
Municipality1917
Municipal corporation2012
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyChittoor Municipal Corporation (CMC), Chittoor Urban Development Authority(CHUDA)
Area
[1]
 • City95.97 km2 (37.05 sq mi)
 • Urban
46.02 km2 (17.77 sq mi)
 • Rank7th (Andhra Pradesh)
Elevation
333.75 m (1,094.98 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • City189,332
 • Rank20th (Andhra Pradesh) 233 (India)
 • Density2,000/km2 (5,100/sq mi)
 • Urban
[3]
175,647
 • Urban density3,800/km2 (9,900/sq mi)
DemonymChitoorian
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
 • RegionalTelugu,Tamil[4]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
517001, Complete Post office List [5]
Area code+91–08572
Vehicle registrationAP–03,AP-39
GDP (2020)US$1 (equivalent to $1.18 in 2023)billion[6]
WebsiteOfficial website

Etymology

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The name Chittoor is believed to have originated from the Tamil word. The term "Chittoor" is derived from the combination of two words: Chit and Oor. In Tamil, Chit means "small" and Oor means "town" or "village." Thus, Chittoor translates to "small town" or "small village".[9]

Historical records show that Chittoor, due to its strategic location, developed as a trading hub between Tamil and Telugu regions, leading to the use of both languages in the town’s name.[10]

History

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After Indian independence in 1947, Chittoor became a part of the erstwhile Madras State. The modern Chittoor district was formerly North Arcot district, which was established by the British in the 19th century and had Chittoor as its headquarters.[citation needed] On 1 April 1911, the district was split into two - Chittoor district and North Arcot district.

Pre-history

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The district abounds in several pre-historic sites. The surface finds discovered are assigned to special stages in the progress of civilization. Paleolithic tools were discovered at Tirupathi, Sitarampeta, Ellampalle, Mekalavandlapalle and Piler. Mesolithic tools were discovered at Chinthaparthi, Moratavandlapalle, Aruvandlapalle and Tirupathi.Remains of Neolithic and ancient tools were unearthed near Bangarupalem. The existence of megalithic culture was revealed by the discovery of graves at Irulabanda, Bapanatham, Valimikipuram (Vayalpadu), Sodum, Velkuru, Nyakaneri and Basinikonda.

Political history

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The political history of the district commences with the Mauryas in the 4th century BC. The district of Chittoor was not a homogeneous administrative unit up to 1911. Its component parts were under the control of various principal dynasties at different periods of times, namely, the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Cholas, Pandyas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, Royal of Vijayanagara, Qutub Shahis, Mughals, Asof Jahis, Marathas, Hyder Ali and Tipu of Mysore, and the British, besides dynasties such as Cholas, Banas, Vaidumbas, Nolambas, Western Gangas, Yadavas, Matlis, Uttama Chola, Andiyaman, Siyaganga rulers, Nawabs of Kadapa and Arcot. The zamindars of Karvetinagar, Srikalahasthi, Punganur and Kangundhi also ruled over this district.[11]

Geography

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Chittoor city lies on the banks of Neeva River at the southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh state. It is located on the NH 69 and NH 40 linking major metropolitan cities of Bangalore and Chennai.

It is located between the northern latitudes of 37" and 14°8" and between the eastern longitudes 78°33" and 79°55". It is bounded on the east by Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh, on the south by Krishnagiri District , Vellore, Tiruvallur,Thirupattur districts of Tamil Nadu, on the west by Kolar district of Karnataka, and on the north by Annamayya district of Andhra Pradesh. In respect of area it takes the eighth place with an area of 15,150 square kilometers which accounts for 5.51 percent of the total area of the state. The general elevation of the mountainous part of the district is 2500 feet above sea level. Chennai & Bangalore cities are located in 150 km. and 165 km. respectively from Chittoor Town.[12]Vellore is the nearest city and twin city located 30 kms across the border with Tamil Nadu.

Climate

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Climate data for Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.9
(84.0) 		31.4
(88.5) 		34.4
(93.9) 		36.4
(97.5) 		40.0
(104.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		33.5
(92.3) 		33.3
(91.9) 		32.8
(91.0) 		31.1
(88.0) 		28.8
(83.8) 		27.6
(81.7) 		32.8
(91.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 17.7
(63.9) 		18.8
(65.8) 		21.2
(70.2) 		24.5
(76.1) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.7
(78.3) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.4
(75.9) 		23.8
(74.8) 		22.5
(72.5) 		20.2
(68.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		22.3
(72.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 6
(0.2) 		6
(0.2) 		8
(0.3) 		24
(0.9) 		58
(2.3) 		72
(2.8) 		102
(4.0) 		115
(4.5) 		145
(5.7) 		162
(6.4) 		110
(4.3) 		54
(2.1) 		862
(33.7)
Source: Climate-Data.org[13]

Demographics

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Telugu is the official and widely spoken language.[14] Chittoor has a population of 212,816[15] and has a sex ratio of 1002 females per 1000 males compared to the state average of 992 females, as of 2011 census.[16] The literacy rate of the city is 90.60%.[17] Chittoor was upgraded as municipal corporation in 2011. And also a large minority of Tamil people live here.

Languages of Chittoor city based on 2011 Census[4]

  Telugu (53.00%)
  Tamil (34.92%)
  Urdu (10.85%)
  Hindi (0.42%)
  Others (0.81%)

Governance

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Chittoor Municipal Corporation is the civic administrative body of the city. It was constituted as a Grade–III municipality in the year 1917. It was upgraded to Grade–II in 1950, Grade–I in 1965, Special Grade in 1980 and Selection Grade in 2000. On 7 July 2012, it was upgraded to municipal corporation by merging 14 gram panchayats into the corporation and is spread over an area of 69.75 km2 (26.93 sq mi).[18]

Economy

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Agriculture near Chittoor

Chittoor is the district headquarters and houses many district level government institutions.

The Gross Domestic product of chittoor is $ 1 Billion as of 2020[19]


Landmarks

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The Swayambu Varasidhi Vinayakaswamy temple[20] at Kanipakam is a famous Hindu temple near the city. Ardhagiri Anjaneyaswamy temple at Aragonda is another notable landmark near the city.

Education

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The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.[21][22] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.

Engineering colleges:

Medical colleges:

Others:

  • P. V. K. N. Government College.

Transport

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Roadways

 
APS RTC bus on Chittoor Roads

The city is well connected to major cities through national and state highways. The National Highways through Chittoor City are, National Highway 40 (India) connecting Chittoor with Kadapa and Kurnool on North and connecting Vellore and Chennai on South National Highway 69 (India) connecting Chittoor with Kolar and Bangalore on West National Highway 140 (India) connecting Chittoor with Tirupati and Nellore on East. The city has total road length of 382.30 km.[28]

Public transport

The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Chittoor bus station.[29] Bus services are operated to Kuppam, Kanipakam, Tirupati, Madanapalle, Punganur, Palamaner, Piler, Puttur, Srikalahasti, Nellore, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Salem, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Puducherry, Kolar, Bangalore, Mysore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapur, Hyderabad, Hanumakonda, Warangal, Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram, Kakinada, Vijayawada, Guntur, Tenali, Ongole Amaravati and also to all other major towns and cities in the Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Puducherry and Telangana states.

Railways Chittoor railway station is a National railway station in Chittoor city of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on Gudur–Katpadi branch line section and is administered under Guntakal railway division of South Central Railway zone. Nearest major railway junction is Katpadi Junction railway station Tamil Nadu. Just 30 km South from Chittoor city. There are direct trains daily from Chittoor to Vijayawada, Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram, Guntur, Tenali, Visakhapatnam, Kacheguda (Hyderabad), Bengaluru, Mysuru, Thiruvananthapuram, New Delhi to Kanyakumari HimSagar Express and weekly/biweekly/triweekly trains connect Chittoor with Mannargudi, Jammu, Katra, Tirunelveli, Mangalore, Ernakulam, Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram, Hatia Ranchi, Santragachi (Kolkata) and Jayanthi Janata Express, etc. which run through Chittoor.

Airports

The nearest airports are:

1) Tirupati Airport at Renigunta in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, is about 80 kms North. IATA:TIR is at par with other major cities, but flights are operated in a limited fashion.

2) Chennai International Airport. IATA:MAA at Chennai is about 150 kms East

3) Kempegowda International Airport. IATA:BLR at Bangalore is about 185 Kms West

4) Kuppam Airport.

The Infrastructure Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited (INCAP) will build Kuppam Airport at Shantipuram Mandal at an estimated cost of Rs 100 crore .[30][31]

Politics

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Chittoor city spreads over Chittoor assembly (Majority), Puthalapattu assembly (partially) and Gangadhara Nellore assembly (partially) constituencies in Andhra Pradesh. Chittoor is part of Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency).

Chittoor Assembly Constituency

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  • |Year| |Assembly Constituency| |Winner Candidates Name| |Party| |Votes| |Runner UP| |Party| |Votes|
  • 2019 --- Chittoor --- Jangalapalli Srinivasulu --- YSRC --- 91206 --- A.S. Manohar --- TDP --- 51238
  • 2014 --- Chittoor --- D. A. Sathya Prabha --- TDP --- 73430 --- Jangalapalli Srinivasulu --- YSRC --- 66631
  • 2009 --- Chittoor --- C.K.Jayachandra Reddy --- INC --- 46094 --- Jangalapalli Srinivasulu --- PRP --- 44384
  • 2004 --- Chittoor --- A.S. Manohar --- TDP --- 58788 --- C.K. Jayachandra Reddy --- IND --- 54900
  • 1999 --- Chittoor --- C.K.Jayachandra Reddy --- INC --- 62999 --- A.S.Manohar --- TDP --- 48702
  • 1994 --- Chittoor --- C.K. Jayachandra Reddy --- INC --- 46709 --- A.S. Manohar --- TDP --- 44623
  • 1989 --- Chittoor --- C.K. Jayachandra Reddy --- IND --- 44972 --- C. Hari Prasad --- TDP --- 26986
  • 1985 --- Chittoor --- R. Gopinathan --- INC --- 45081 --- Rajasimhulu --- TDP --- 36439
  • 1983 --- Chittoor --- Jhansi Laxmi --- IND --- 49127 --- N.P.Venkateswara Choudary--- INC --- 32693
  • 1978 --- Chittoor --- N.P.Venkateswara Choudary --- JNP --- 29941 --- C.V.L. Narayana --- INC(I)--- 21139
  • 1972 --- Chittoor --- D. Aanjineyulu Naidu --- INC --- 32607 --- K. M. Erriah --- DMK --- 14324
  • 1967 --- Chittoor --- D. Aanjineyulu Naidu --- INC --- 32559 --- P. V. Naidu --- SWA --- 20979
  • 1962 --- Chittoor --- C. D. Naidu --- SWA --- 35256 --- P. Chinnama Reddy --- INC --- 13301
  • 1955 --- Chittoor --- P. Chinnama Reddy --- INC --- 17397 --- C.V. Srinivasa Modhaliar --- IND --- 10456

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Introduction". chittoormunicipalcorporation. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  2. ^ name="https://cdma.ap.gov.in/en/about-chittoor-municipal-corporation"
  3. ^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42876/download/46544/CLASS_I.xlsx
  4. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  5. ^ "Pin Codes of Chittoor, Andhra-pradesh, India, Chittoor Pincode Search". indiapincodes.net.
  6. ^ https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/8445/overview
  7. ^ "Chittoor District Mandals" (PDF). Census of India. pp. 497, 518–19. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  8. ^ https://cdma.ap.gov.in/en/about-chittoor-municipal-corporation
  9. ^ Burrow, T., & Emeneau, M.B. (1984). A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. Clarendon Press, Oxford. ISBN: 978-0198642227.
  10. ^ Michell, George. Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums. Roli Books Private Limited, 2013. ISBN: 978-81-7436-903-1.
  11. ^ "::chittoor::". ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  12. ^ Topography/ Boundaries – CHITTOOR DISTRICT'S OFFICIAL WEBSITE | ANDHRA PRADESH | INDIA - చిత్తూరు జిల్లా అధికారిక వెబ్సైట్ - ChittoorDistrictWebsite Archived 22 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "CLIMATE: CHITTOOR". Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  14. ^ "WELCOME TO CENSUS OF INDIA : Census India Library". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  15. ^ Towns censusindia.gov.in [dead link]
  16. ^ Sex Ratio of Andhra Pradesh is 992 per 1000 as per Census 2011. Census 2011 Indian Population Archived 23 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Census2011.co.in (27 April 2011). Retrieved on 2012-01-07.
  17. ^ Chittoor Municipality Archived 10 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Chittoor.ap.gov.in. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  18. ^ "Chittoor Municipal Corporation at a glance". Chittoor Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  19. ^ "Metroverse | Harvard Growth Lab". metroverse.cid.harvard.edu. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  20. ^ Swayambu Varasidhi Vinayakaswamy temple
  21. ^ "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  22. ^ "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal". AP State Portal. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  23. ^ "Home". SITAMS. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  24. ^ "SVCET: Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Technology". Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  25. ^ "Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research – Chittoor". Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  26. ^ "PESIMSR". PESIMSR.
  27. ^ "KKC HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL – (Red by NCISM & Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, New Delhi & Affiliated to Dr. YSRUHS, Vijayawada, A.P.)". Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  28. ^ "DETAILS OF ROADS IN EACH ULB OF ANDHRA PRADESH". Archived from the original on 1 August 2016.
  29. ^ "Bus Stations in Districts". Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  30. ^ "Airstrip to come up in Kuppam soon". Hans India India. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  31. ^ "Development of Regional Airport at Kuppam (Chittoor District)". INCAP website. Archived from the original on 5 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  32. ^ Nara Chandrababu Naidu
  33. ^ "Dr. C. R. Reddy". 1973. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Chittoor.
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