Wikipedia

List of herpestids

Herpestidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, composed of the mongooses and the meerkat. A member of this family is called a mongoose or a herpestid. They are widespread primarily throughout Africa and south Asia, and are found primarily in forests, savannas, shrublands, and grasslands, though some species can be found in wetlands or deserts. Most mongooses are 30–60 cm (12–24 in) long, plus a 20–40 cm (8–16 in) tail, though the Ethiopian dwarf mongoose can be as small as 18 cm (7 in) plus a 12 cm (5 in) tail, and the white-tailed mongoose can be up to 104 cm (41 in) plus a 47 cm (14 in) tail. Most species do not have population estimates, though one, the Liberian mongoose, is classified as vulnerable with a population size of around 5,000. No herpestid species have been domesticated.

Collage of four brown or yellow mongooses
Four mongooses (clockwise from top left): meerkat (Suricata suricatta), yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata), Indian grey mongoose (Urva edwardsii), and common slender mongoose (Herpestes sanguinea)

The 34 species of Herpestidae are split into 14 genera within 2 subfamilies: Herpestinae, comprising 23 extant species that are native to southern Europe, Africa and Asia, and Mungotinae, comprising 11 extant species native to Africa. Extinct species have also been placed into both subfamilies, though some older extinct species have not been categorized into a subfamily. Around ten extinct Herpestidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed. Herpestidae is believed to have diverged from the existing Feliformia suborder around 21.8 million years ago in the Early Miocene.[1]

Conventions

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IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (0 species)
 EN Endangered (0 species)
 VU Vulnerable (1 species)
 NT Near threatened (3 species)
 LC Least concern (29 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (1 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the herpestid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

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The family Herpestidae consists of 34 extant species belonging to 15 genera in 2 subfamilies and divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Herpestidae  
 Herpestinae  
 Mungotinae  

Herpestids

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The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by proposals accepted by the American Society of Mammalogists since using molecular phylogenetic analysis.[2][3]

Subfamily Herpestinae

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Main article: Herpestinae
Genus Atilax – F. Cuvier, 1826 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Marsh mongoose

 

A. paludinosus
(G. Cuvier, 1829)

Eleven subspecies
  • A. p. macrodon
  • A. p. mitis
  • A. p. mordax
  • A. p. nigerianus
  • A. p. paludinosus
  • A. p. pluto
  • A. p. robustus
  • A. p. rubellus
  • A. p. rubescens
  • A. p. spadiceus
  • A. p. transvaalensis
Sub-Saharan Africa
  		Size: 46–64 cm (18–25 in) long, plus 31–41 cm (12–16 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, inland wetlands, neritic marine, and coastal marine[5]

Diet: Crustaceans as well as other aquatic prey and rodents[5] 		 LC 


Unknown  [5]

Genus Bdeogale – Peters, 1850 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-footed mongoose


B. nigripes
Pucheran, 1855 		Central Africa
  		Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 30–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[6]

Diet: Mammals, as well as reptiles, birds, insects, and centipedes[6] 		 LC 


Unknown  [6]

Bushy-tailed mongoose

 

B. crassicauda
Peters, 1852

Five subspecies
  • B. c. crassicauda
  • B. c. nigrescens
  • B. c. omnivora
  • B. c. puisa
  • B. c. tenuis
Southeast Africa
  		Size: 36–52 cm (14–20 in) long, plus 22–29 cm (9–11 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[7]

Diet: Omnivorous[7] 		 LC 


Unknown  [7]

Jackson's mongoose


B. jacksoni
(Thomas, 1894) 		East-central Africa
  		Size: 50–58 cm (20–23 in) long, plus 28–33 cm (11–13 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[8]

Diet: Rodents and insects[4][8] 		 NT 


Unknown  [8]

Genus Cynictis – Ogilby, 1833 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Yellow mongoose

 

C. penicillata
(Cuvier, 1829)

Twelve subspecies
  • C. p. bechuanae
  • C. p. brachyura
  • C. p. bradfieldi
  • C. p. cinderella
  • C. p. coombsi
  • C. p. intensa
  • C. p. kalaharica
  • C. p. karasensis
  • C. p. lepturus
  • C. p. ogilbyii
  • C. p. pallidior
  • C. p. penicillata
Southern Africa
  		Size: 26–46 cm (10–18 in) long, plus 16–30 cm (6–12 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland[9]

Diet: Insects, as well as rodents, birds, other vertebrates, and arachnids[9] 		 LC 


Unknown  [9]

Genus Herpestes – Illiger, 1811 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Angolan slender mongoose

 

H. flavescens
Bocage, 1889

Two subspecies
 Southwestern Africa
  		Size: 31–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 31–37 cm (12–15 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas[11]

Diet: Invertebrates, small mammals, birds, lizards, and snakes[11] 		 LC 


Unknown  [11]

Egyptian mongoose

 

H. ichneumon
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Eleven subspecies
  • H. i. angolensis
  • H. i. cafra
  • H. i. centralis
  • H. i. funestus
  • H. i. ichneumon
  • H. i. mababiensis
  • H. i. numidicus
  • H. i. parvidens
  • H. i. sabiensis
  • H. i. sangronizi
  • H. i. widdringtonii
Sub-Saharan Africa, Nile river, and Mediterranean (native, green); Iberian peninsula (introduced, red)
  		Size: 48–60 cm (19–24 in) long, plus 33–55 cm (13–22 in) tail[12]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[13]

Diet: Omnivorous[13] 		 LC 


Unknown  [13]

Cape gray mongoose

 

H. pulverulentus
Wagner, 1839

Three subspecies
  • H. p. basuticus
  • H. p. pulverulentus
  • H. p. ruddi
Southern Africa
  		Size: 29–43 cm (11–17 in) long, plus 20–34 cm (8–13 in) tail[14]

Habitat: Shrubland and inland wetlands[15]

Diet: Small mammals and insects[15] 		 LC 


Unknown  [15]

Common slender mongoose

 

H. sanguineus
Rüppell, 1836

26 subspecies
  • H. s. canus
  • H. s. cauui
  • H. s. dasilvai
  • H. s. dentifer
  • H. s. fulvidior
  • H. s. galbus
  • H. s. gracilis
  • H. s. grantii
  • H. s. ibeae
  • H. s. ignitus
  • H. s. lancasteri
  • H. s. melanura
  • H. s. mossambica
  • H. s. mustela
  • H. s. mutgigella
  • H. s. orestes
  • H. s. parvipes
  • H. s. perfulvidus
  • H. s. phoenicurus
  • H. s. proteus
  • H. s. rendilis
  • H. s. saharae
  • H. s. sanguinea
  • H. s. swalius (Namaqua slender mongoose)
  • H. s. swinnyi
  • H. s. ugandae
Sub-Saharan Africa
  		Size: 27–35 cm (11–14 in) long, plus 19–33 cm (7–13 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[16]

Diet: Small vertebrates and invertebrates[16] 		 LC 


Unknown  [16]

Somalian slender mongoose

 

H. ochraceus
Gray, 1848

Four subspecies
  • H. o. bocagei
  • H. o. fulvidior
  • H. o. ochracea
  • H. o. perfulvidus
Eastern Africa
  		Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 22–28 cm (9–11 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Shrubland and desert[17]

Diet: Believed to be invertebrates and small vertebrates[10][17] 		 LC 


Unknown  [17]

Genus Ichneumia – Geoffroy, 1837 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
White-tailed mongoose

 

I. albicauda
(Cuvier, 1829)

Seven subspecies
  • I. a. albicauda
  • I. a. dialeucos
  • I. a. grandis
  • I. a. haagneri
  • I. a. ibeanus
  • I. a. loandae
  • I. a. loempo
Sub-Saharan Africa, southern Arabic peninsula
  		Size: 51–104 cm (20–41 in) long, plus 34–47 cm (13–19 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[18]

Diet: Insects[18] 		 LC 


Unknown  [18]

Genus Paracynictis – Pocock, 1916 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Selous's mongoose

 

P. selousi
(Winton, 1896)

Four subspecies
  • P. s. bechuanae
  • P. s. ngamiensis
  • P. s. selousi
  • P. s. sengaani
Southern Africa
  		Size: 63–90 cm (25–35 in) long, plus 28–43 cm (11–17 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Savanna and grassland[20]

Diet: Invertebrates, as well as small rodents, amphibians, reptiles, and birds[19][20] 		 LC 


Unknown  [20]

Genus Rhynchogale – Thomas, 1894 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Meller's mongoose

 

R. melleri
(Gray, 1865)

Two subspecies
  • R. m. langi
  • R. m. melleri
Southeastern Africa
  		Size: 36–57 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 30–42 cm (12–17 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[21]

Diet: Termites, as well as other invertebrates[4][21] 		 LC 


Unknown  [21]

Genus Urva – Hodgson, 1836 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Collared mongoose

 

U. semitorquata
(Gray, 1846)

Two subspecies
  • U. s. semitorquata
  • U. s. uniforma
Borneo in Southeast Asia
  		Size: 40–46 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 25–31 cm (10–12 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet: Unknown[10][22] 		 NT 


Unknown  [22]

Crab-eating mongoose

 

U. urva
(Hodgson, 1836)

Four subspecies
  • U. u. annamensis
  • U. u. formosana
  • U. u. sinensis
  • U. u. urva
Eastern and Southeast Asia
  		Size: 45–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[24]

Diet: Crustaceans, mammals, reptiles, insects, and amphibians[24] 		 LC 


Unknown  [24]

Indian brown mongoose

 

U. fusca
(Waterhouse, 1838)

Five subspecies
  • U. f. flavidens
  • U. f. fusca
  • U. f. maccarthiae
  • U. f. rubidior
  • U. f. siccata
South India, Sri Lanka
  		Size: 33–48 cm (13–19 in) long, plus 20–33 cm (8–13 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[25]

Diet: Believed to be a variety of small vertebrates and invertebrates[10][25] 		 LC 


Unknown  [25]

Indian grey mongoose

 

U. edwardsii
(Geoffroy, 1818)

Five subspecies
  • U. e. edwardsii
  • U. e. ferruginea
  • U. e. lanka
  • U. e. montana
  • U. e. nyula
India, west Asia
  		Size: 36–45 cm (14–18 in) long, plus 32–45 cm (13–18 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[26]

Diet: Small mammals, birds, reptiles, eggs, and invertebrates[10][26] 		 LC 


Unknown  [26]

Javan mongoose

 

U. javanica
(Geoffroy, 1818)

Nine subspecies
  • U. j. exilis
  • H. j. javanica
  • U. j. orientalis
  • U. j. peninsulae
  • U. j. perakensis
  • U. j. rafflesii
  • U. j. rubrifrons
  • U. j. siamensis
  • U. j. tjerapai
Southeast Asia
  		Size: 25–37 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 24–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[27]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[28]

Diet: Invertebrates, as well as rodents, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish, and fruit[27][28] 		 LC 


Unknown  [28]

Small Indian mongoose

 

U. auropunctata
(Hodgson, 1836)

Three subspecies
 West, south, and southeast Asia
  		Size: 25–37 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 24–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[27]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[28]

Diet: Invertebrates, as well as rodents, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish, and fruit[27][28] 		 LC 


Unknown  [28]

Ruddy mongoose

 

U. smithii
(Gray, 1837)

Three subspecies
  • U. s. smithii
  • U. s. thysanura
  • U. s. zeylania
India and Sri Lanka
  		Size: 39–45 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 35–47 cm (14–19 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[29]

Diet: Rodents, birds, and reptiles[10][29] 		 LC 


Unknown  [29]

Short-tailed mongoose

 

U. brachyura
(Gray, 1837)

Six subspecies
  • U. b. brachyura
  • U. b. hosei (Hose's mongoose)
  • U. b. javanensis
  • U. b. palawana
  • U. b. parva
  • U. b. sumatria
Southeast Asia
  		Size: 38–45 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[31]

Diet: Invertebrates and small vertebrates[31] 		 NT 


Unknown  [31]

Stripe-necked mongoose

 

U. vitticolla
(Bennett, 1835)

Two subspecies
  • U. v. inornata
  • U. v. vitticolla
Southern India and Sri Lanka
  		Size: 25–41 cm (10–16 in) long, plus 22–36 cm (9–14 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[32]

Diet: Small mammals, birds, birds' eggs, reptiles, fish, insects, and roots[32] 		 LC 


Unknown  [32]

Genus Xenogale – Allen, 1919 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Long-nosed mongoose


X. naso
(Winton, 1901) 		Central Africa
  		Size: 40–61 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 32–43 cm (13–17 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[33]

Diet: Omnivorous[33] 		 LC 


Unknown  [33]

Subfamily Mungotinae

edit
Main article: Mungotinae
Genus Crossarchus – F. Cuvier, 1825 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Alexander's kusimanse


C. alexandri
Thomas, 1907 		Central Africa
  		Size: 37–44 cm (15–17 in) long, plus 24–32 cm (9–13 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[34]

Diet: Invertebrates and fruit, as well as frogs, snakes, and carrion[4][34] 		 LC 


Unknown  [34]

Angolan kusimanse


C. ansorgei
Thomas, 1910

Two subspecies
  • C. a. ansorgei
  • C. a. nigricolor
Central Africa
  		Size: 32–35 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 20–22 cm (8–9 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[35]

Diet: Insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[4][35] 		 LC 


Unknown  [35]

Common kusimanse

 

C. obscurus
F. Cuvier, 1825 		Western Africa
  		Size: 29–37 cm (11–15 in) long, plus 14–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[4][36]

Diet: Insects, as well as reptiles, small mammals, and fruit[36] 		 LC 


Unknown  [36]

Flat-headed kusimanse


C. platycephalus
Goldman, 1984 		Western central Africa
  		Size: 21–47 cm (8–19 in) long, plus 15–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[37]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[38]

Diet: Insects, as well as reptiles, small mammals, and fruit[4][38] 		 LC 


Unknown  [38]

Genus Dologale – Thomas, 1926 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Pousargues's mongoose

 

D. dybowskii
(Pousargues, 1893) 		Central Africa
  		Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 16–22 cm (6–9 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland[39]

Diet: Invertebrates[4][39] 		 DD 


Unknown  [39]

Genus Helogale – Gray, 1862 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Common dwarf mongoose

 

H. parvula
(Sundevall, 1847)

Seven subspecies
  • H. p. ivori
  • H. p. mimetra
  • H. p. nero
  • H. p. parvula
  • H. p. ruficeps
  • H. p. undulatus
  • H. p. varia
Southern and eastern Africa
  		Size: 18–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 14–19 cm (6–7 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Savanna and grassland[40]

Diet: Arthropods, as well as small vertebrates[40] 		 LC 


Unknown  [40]

Ethiopian dwarf mongoose

 

H. hirtula
Thomas, 1904

Five subspecies
  • H. h. ahlselli
  • H. h. annulata
  • H. h. hirtula
  • H. h. lutescens
  • H. h. powelli
Eastern Africa
  		Size: 18–26 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[41]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland[42]

Diet: Invertebrates[4][42] 		 LC 


Unknown  [42]

Genus Liberiictis – Hayman, 1958 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Liberian mongoose


L. kuhni
Hayman, 1958 		Western Africa
  		Size: 42–55 cm (17–22 in) long, plus 18–21 cm (7–8 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[43]

Diet: Earthworms, as well as small vertebrates, insect larvae, and fruit[43] 		 VU 


5,200  [43]

Genus Mungos – Geoffroy, 1795 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Banded mongoose

 

M. mungo
(Gmelin, 1788)

Sixteen subspecies
  • M. m. adailensis (Adail banded mongoose)
  • M. m. bororensis (Boror banded mongoose)
  • M. m. caurinus (North-west banded mongoose)
  • M. m. colonus (East African banded mongoose)
  • M. m. grisonax (Namibia banded mongoose)
  • M. m. mandjarum (Schwarz's banded mongoose)
  • M. m. marcrurus
  • M. m. mungo
  • M. m. ngamiensis (Botswana banded mongoose)
  • M. m. pallidipes
  • M. m. rossi
  • M. m. senescens
  • M. m. somalicus
  • M. m. talboti (Talbot's banded mongoose)
  • M. m. zebra
  • M. m. zebroides
Sub-Saharan Africa
  		Size: 30–40 cm (12–16 in) long, plus 19–31 cm (7–12 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[44]

Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, bird eggs, young birds, small mammals, and fruit[44] 		 LC 


Unknown  [44]

Gambian mongoose

 

M. gambianus
(Ogilby, 1835) 		Western Africa
  		Size: 34–36 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 20–22 cm (8–9 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[45]

Diet: Insects, as well as lizards, mice, and snakes[4][45] 		 LC 


Unknown  [45]

Genus Suricata – Desmarest, 1804 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Meerkat

 

S. suricatta
(Schreber, 1776)

Three subspecies
  • S. s. iona
  • S. s. marjoriae
  • S. s. suricatta
Southern Africa
  		Size: 23–36 cm (9–14 in) long, plus 18–24 cm (7–9 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert[46]

Diet: Invertebrates[46] 		 LC 


Unknown  [46]

References

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  1. ^ Patou, M.; Mclenachan, P. A.; Morley, C. G.; Couloux, A.; Jennings, A. P.; Veron, G. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of the Herpestidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) with a special emphasis on the Asian Herpestes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (1): 69–80. Bibcode:2009MolPE..53...69P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.038. PMID 19520178.
  2. ^ "Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
  3. ^ Rapson, S.; Goldizen, A. W.; Seddon, J. M. (August 2012). "Species boundaries and possible hybridization between the black mongoose (Galerella nigrata) and the slender mongoose (Galerella sanguinea)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (3): 831–839. Bibcode:2012MolPE..65..831R. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.005. PMID 22940151.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Van Rompaey, H.; Colyn, M. (2014). Kingdon, J.; Hoffmann, M. (eds.). The Mammals of Africa. Vol. V. Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 326–381. ISBN 978-1-4081-8994-8.
  5. ^ a b c Do Linh San, E.; Angelici, F. M.; Maddock, A. H.; Baker, C. M.; Ray, J. (2015). "Atilax paludinosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41590A45204865. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41590A45204865.en.
  6. ^ a b c Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Bdeogale nigripes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41592A45205243. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41592A45205243.en.
  7. ^ a b c White, P. A.; Fischer, C.; Hausser, Y.; Foley, C.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Bdeogale crassicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41591A97163568. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41591A97163568.en.
  8. ^ a b c De Luca, W.; Rovero, F.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Bdeogale jacksoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T2675A45196818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2675A45196818.en.
  9. ^ a b c Do Linh San, E.; Cavallini, P.; Taylor, P. (2015). "Cynictis penicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41597A45205726. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41597A45205726.en.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hunter, Luke; Barrett, Priscilla (2020). Field Guide to Carnivores of the World (2nd ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 56–60. ISBN 978-1-4729-8267-4.
  11. ^ a b c Rapson, S.; Rathbun, G. B. (2015). "Herpestes flavescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41599A45205933. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41599A45205933.en.
  12. ^ Bies, LeeAnn (2002). "Herpestes ichneumon". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  13. ^ a b c Do Linh San, E.; Maddock, A. H.; Gaubert, P.; Palomares, F. (2016). "Herpestes ichneumon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41613A45207211. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41613A45207211.en.
  14. ^ Gibbons, Sarah (2014). "Galerella pulverulenta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  15. ^ a b c Do Linh San, E.; Cavallini, P. (2015). "Herpestes pulverulentus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41600A45205999. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41600A45205999.en.
  16. ^ a b c Do Linh San, E.; Maddock, A. H. (2016). "Herpestes sanguineus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41606A45206143. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41606A45206143.en.
  17. ^ a b c Taylor, M. E.; Do Linh San, E. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Herpestes ochraceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41605A45206073. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41605A45206073.en.
  18. ^ a b c Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Ichneumia albicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41620A45208640. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41620A45208640.en.
  19. ^ a b Stuart, Chris; Stuart, Mathilde (2015). "Selous's Mongoose". Stuarts' Field Guide to Mammals of Southern Africa. Penguin Random House South Africa. ISBN 978-1-77584-266-8.
  20. ^ a b c Mateke, C. W.; Bird, T. L. F.; Swanepoel, L. H.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Paracynictis selousi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41622A45209173. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41622A45209173.en.
  21. ^ a b c White, P. A.; Mateke, C. W.; Bird, T. L. F.; Swanepoel, L. H.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Rhynchogale melleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41623A45209275. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41623A45209275.en.
  22. ^ a b c Mathai, J.; Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Wilting, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Ross, J.; Holden, J.; Gemita, E.; Hon, J. (2015). "Herpestes semitorquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41616A45208027. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41616A45208027.en.
  23. ^ a b c d e Menon, Vivek (2014). "Carnivores". Indian Mammals: A Field Guide. Hachette India. ISBN 978-93-5009-761-8.
  24. ^ a b c Choudhury, A.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Mudappa, D.; Willcox, D. H. A. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Herpestes urva". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41618A45208308. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41618A45208308.en.
  25. ^ a b c Mudappa, D.; Jathanna, D. (2015). "Herpestes fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41612A45207051. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41612A45207051.en.
  26. ^ a b c Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41611A45206787. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41611A45206787.en.
  27. ^ a b c d Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan; Hoffmann, Robert S.; Lunde, Darrin; MacKinnon, John; Wilson, Don E.; Wozencraft, W. Chris, eds. (2010). A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press. p. 415. ISBN 978-1-4008-3411-2.
  28. ^ a b c d e f Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Ario, A. (2016). "Herpestes javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70203940A45207619. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70203940A45207619.en.
  29. ^ a b c Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41617A45208195. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41617A45208195.en.
  30. ^ Payne, Junaidi; Francis, Charles M.; Phillipps, Karen (1985). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. Sabah Society. p. 287. ISBN 978-967-99947-1-1.
  31. ^ a b c Duckworth, J. W.; Mathai, J.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Herpestes brachyurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41610A45206655. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41610A45206655.en.
  32. ^ a b c Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A.; Punjabi, G. A. (2016). "Herpestes vitticollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41619A45208503. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41619A45208503.en.
  33. ^ a b c Ray, J.; Bahaa-el-din, L.; Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Herpestes naso". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41615A45207915. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41615A45207915.en.
  34. ^ a b c Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Crossarchus alexandri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41593A45205341. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41593A45205341.en.
  35. ^ a b c Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Crossarchus ansorgei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41594A45205422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41594A45205422.en.
  36. ^ a b c Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Crossarchus obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41595A45205532. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41595A45205532.en.
  37. ^ Stuart, Chris (2017). "Cusimanses". Stuarts' Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa. Penguin Random House South Africa. ISBN 978-1-77584-274-3.
  38. ^ a b c Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Crossarchus platycephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41596A45205626. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41596A45205626.en.
  39. ^ a b c Aebischer, T.; Hickisch, R.; Woolgar, J.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Dologale dybowskii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41598A45205821. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41598A45205821.en.
  40. ^ a b c Sharpe, L.; Kern, J.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Helogale parvula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41609A45206516. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41609A45206516.en.
  41. ^ Dybas, Mitchell (2013). "Helogale hirtula". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  42. ^ a b c Do Linh San, E.; Hoffmann, M. (2015). "Helogale hirtula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41608A45206437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41608A45206437.en.
  43. ^ a b c Taylor, M. E.; Greengrass, E. J.; Dunham, A.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Liberiictis kuhni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T11933A45198780. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T11933A45198780.en.
  44. ^ a b c Gilchrist, J. S.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Mungos mungo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41621A45208886. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41621A45208886.en.
  45. ^ a b c Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Mungos gambianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13922A45199653. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13922A45199653.en.
  46. ^ a b c Jordan, N. R.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Suricata suricatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41624A45209377. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41624A45209377.en.

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