The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to anarchism:
Nature of anarchism
edit- Supports
- Rejects
Manifestos and expositions
edit- (1840–1914)
- Anarchist Manifesto (1850) by Anselme Bellegarrigue
- State Socialism and Anarchism (1886) by Benjamin Tucker
- The Principles of Anarchism (c. 1890s) by Lucy Parsons
- Anarchy (1891) by Errico Malatesta
- The Soul of Man under Socialism (1891) by Oscar Wilde
- Anarchy Defended by Anarchists (1896) by Emma Goldman and Johann Most
- (1914–1984)
- Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft) (1926) by Dielo Truda
- What's Anarchism? (1932) by Hippolyte Havel
- The Philosophy of Anarchism (1940) by Herbert Read
- Anarchism: Past and Present (1980) by Murray Bookchin
- (1985–present)
Anarchist schools of thought
edit- Anarcha-feminism[4]
- Green anarchism[5]
- Anarcho-pacifism
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Religious anarchism
- Anarchism without adjectives
- Black anarchism
- Crypto-anarchism
- Market anarchism
- Postcolonial anarchism
- Post-anarchism[6]
- Post-left anarchy
- Queer anarchism
- Anarcho-transhumanism
Organizational forms
editHistory of anarchism
editTimeline of major events
edit- Historic precedents and background events (pre-1840)
- 1793 – William Godwin publishes Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, implicitly establishing the philosophical foundations of anarchism.[8]
- 1827 – Josiah Warren opens the Cincinnati Time Store, an early experiment in mutualist economics.
Early stages (1840-1870)
- 1840 – Pierre-Joseph Proudhon publishes What Is Property? and becomes history's first self-proclaimed anarchist.
- 1844 – The Ego and Its Own published by Max Stirner.
- 1845 – Ramón de la Sagra founds the first anarchist journal in Spain.
- 1850 – Anarchist Manifesto published by Anselme Bellegarrigue.
- 1864 – International Workingmen's Association (IWA) founded.[9]
- 1867–69 – Julio López Chávez revolt in Mexico.
- Classical era (1870–1913)
- 1870–71 – Paris Commune, Lyon Commune and Besançon Commune in France.
- 1872 – Hague Congress in the Netherlands.
- 1872 – St. Imier Congress in Switzerland.
- 1873–74 – Cantonal rebellion and Petroleum Revolution in Spain.
- 1874 – Bologna insurrection in Italy.
- 1877 – Banda del Matese active in Italy.
- 1878 – Assassination attempt against Kaiser Wilhelm I by Max Hödel.
- 1882–83 – Mano Negra affair in Spain.
- 1886 – Strike of 1886 in Belgium.
- 1886 – Haymarket affair in the USA. Leads to International Workers' Day/May Day.
- 1887 – Sociedad Cosmopolita de Resistencia y Colocación de Obreros Panaderos established in Argentina.
- 1891 – Clichy Affair in France.
- 1892 – The Conquest of Bread by Peter Kropotkin is published.
- 1892 – Jerez uprising in Spain.
- 1892 – Walsall Anarchists in Britain.
- 1893 – Liceu bombing in Spain.
- 1894 – Lunigiana revolt in Italy.
- 1894 – Omladina Trial in the Austro-Hungarian empire.
- 1894 – Assassination of French President Sadi Carnot by Sante Geronimo Caserio.
- 1894 – Trial of the Thirty in France.
- 1896 – Barcelona Corpus Christi procession bombing and Montjuïc trial in Spain.
- 1897 – Assassination of Spanish PM Antonio Cánovas del Castillo.
- 1898 – Assassination of Empress Elisabeth of Austria.
- 1898–1903 – Boatmen of Thessaloniki active in the Ottoman Empire.
- 1900 – Assassination of King Umberto I of Italy.
- 1900 – PLM established in Mexico.
- 1901 – Assassination of US President William McKinley.
- 1901 – FORA established in Argentina.
- 1903 – Strandzha Commune in the Ottoman Empire.
- 1903 – Immigration Act of 1903 in the USA.
- 1907 – International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
- 1907 – Tenants' strike in Argentina.
- 1908 – Red Flag Incident in Japan.
- 1909 – Assassination of Chief of Police Ramón Lorenzo Falcón.
- 1909 – Francisco Ferrer executed in Spain.
- 1910 – SAC established in Sweden.
- 1910 – CNT established in Spain.
- 1910–14 – Rewolucyjni Mściciele active in Poland.
- 1910–11 – High Treason Incident in Japan.
- 1910–11 – Chinese Assassination Corps active in China.
- 1911 – Magonista rebellion in Mexico.
- 1911–12 – Bonnot Gang active in France.
- 1912 – Assassination of Spanish PM José Canalejas y Méndez.
- 1912–27 – The Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement in China and France.
- 1912 – COM established in Mexico.
- 1912 – USI established in Italy.
- 1913 – Assassination of George I of Greece.
- World War I, Interwar period and World War II (1914 – 1945)
- 1914–16 – Red Battalions active in Mexico.
- 1916 – NSF established in Norway.
- 1916 – Manifesto of the Sixteen published.
- 1916 – Serifos miners strike in Greece.
- 1917–21 – the Makhnovshchina/Makhnovists active in Ukraine.
- 1918–20 – Constitution Protection Region of Southern Fujian in China.
- 1918 – Explosion in Leontievsky Lane in Russia.
- 1918 – First Republic of Pińczów established in Poland.
- 1918 – Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection in Brazil.
- 1919 – Tragic Week in Argentina.
- 1919 – CGT established in Portugal.
- 1919 – La Canadenca strike in Spain.
- 1919–28 – Heroic Corps active in Korea.
- 1919–25 – Red Legion active in Portugal.
- 1919 – United States anarchist bombings.
- 1919 – FAUD established in Germany.
- 1919–20 – First Red Scare and Palmer Raids in the USA.
- 1919–20 – Biennio Rosso in Italy.
- 1920–22 – Patagonia Rebelde and La Forestral massacre in Argentina.
- 1920 – Wall Street bombing in the USA.
- 1921 – Assassination of Spanish PM Eduardo Dato.
- 1922 – IWA–AIT established.
- 1923 – Kantō Massacre and Amakasu Incident in Japan.
- 1926 – Gino Lucetti attempts to assassinate Benito Mussolini in Italy.
- 1926–28 – Severino Di Giovanni bombing campaign in Argentina.
- 1927 – Sacco and Vanzetti executed in the USA.
- 1927 – FAI established in Spain.
- 1929–31 – Korean People's Association in Manchuria in China.
- 1929–33 – The Black Band is active in Germany.
- 1931 – Taking of Encarnación in Paraguay.
- 1932 – Anarchist insurrection of Alt Llobregat in Spain.
- 1933 – Anarchist insurrection of January 1933 and Casas Viejas incident in Spain.
- 1933 – Anarchist insurrection of December 1933 in Spain.
- 1934 – Erich Mühsam murdered in a Nazi concentration camp.
- 1934 – Asturian miners' strike of 1934 in Spain.
- 1936–39 – the Spanish Civil War and Spanish Revolution.[10]
- 1937 – May Days in Spain.
- 1942–43 – Green Guard operates in Ukraine.
- 1943 – Carlo Tresca assassinated in the USA.
- 1943–45 – Anarchist brigades in the Italian Resistance.
- 1944–45 – Syndicalist Brigade active in Poland.
Cold War era (1946 – 1989)
- 1955 – Pierre Morain becomes the first French activist jailed for supporting Algerian independence.
- 1956 – FAU established in Uruguay.
- 1963 – Spies for Peace active in Britain.
- 1968 – May 68 in France.[11]
- 1969 – Piazza Fontana bombing and death of Giuseppe Pinelli in Italy.
- 1970 – Barracks anarchists killed in Italy.
- 1970–72 – The Angry Brigade is active in Britain.
- 1971 – Chomsky–Foucault debate the Netherlands.
- 1972–75 – East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front active.
- 1972–80 – 2 June Movement active in Germany.
- 1974–78 – Resistencia Libertaria active in Argentina.
- 1977 – FAU established in Germany.
- 1978 – Scala case in Spain.
- 1979–87 – Action Directe active in France.
- 1980 – Faurisson affair in France.
- 1980–83 – CLODO active in France.
- 1980 – Wanganui Computer Centre bombing in New Zealand.
- 1982 – Litton Industries bombing in Canada.
- 1986 – Battle of Ryesgade in Denmark.
- Post-Cold War era resurgence (1990 – present)
- 1994–2020 – Zapatista uprising and Chiapas conflict in Mexico.
- 1997 – CIPO-RFM established in Mexico.
- 1999 – Murder of Björn Söderberg in Sweden.
- 1999 – Seattle WTO protests in the USA.
- 2001 – Katie Sierra free speech case in the USA.
- 2003 – Anarchists Against the Wall established in Israel.
- 2006 4F case in Spain.
- 2008 Tarnac Nine arrested in France.
- 2008 Greek riots.
- 2011 Occupy movement begins.
- 2012 ongoing Rojava conflict
- 2016 Audrey Tang appointed Minister without portfolio in Taiwan.
- 2017 Catalan general strike in Spain.
- 2017 18 International Revolutionary People's Guerrilla Forces active in Syria.
- 2018 Arkhangelsk FSB office bombing in Russia.
- 2019 – Tacoma attack in the USA.
- 2022 ongoing The Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists is active in Russia and Belarus.
- 2023 Killing of Tortuguita in the USA.
- 2024 – Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell in the USA.
History of anarchism by region
edit- Anarchism in Africa
- Anarchism in the Americas
- Anarchism in Argentina
- Anarchism in Bolivia
- Anarchism in Brazil
- Anarchism in Canada
- Anarchism in Chile
- Anarchism in Colombia
- Anarchism in Costa Rica
- Anarchism in Cuba
- Anarchism in the Dominican Republic
- Anarchism in Ecuador
- Anarchism in El Salvador
- Anarchism in French Guiana
- Anarchism in Guatemala
- Anarchism in Mexico
- Anarchism in Nicaragua
- Anarchism in Panama
- Anarchism in Paraguay
- Anarchism in Peru
- Anarchism in Puerto Rico
- Anarchism in the United States
- Anarchism in Uruguay
- Anarchism in Venezuela
- Anarchism in Asia
- Anarchism in Armenia
- Anarchism in Azerbaijan
- Anarchism in Bangladesh
- Anarchism in China
- Anarchism in East Timor
- Anarchism in Georgia
- Anarchism in Hong Kong
- Anarchism in India
- Anarchism in Israel
- Anarchism in Indonesia
- Anarchism in Iran
- Anarchism in Japan
- Anarchism in Korea
- Anarchism in Malaysia
- Anarchism in Mongolia
- Anarchism in the Philippines
- Anarchism in Russia
- Anarchism in Singapore
- Anarchism in Syria
- Anarchism in Taiwan
- Anarchism in Turkey
- Anarchism in Vietnam
- Anarchism in Europe
- Anarchism in Oceania
Historians
edit- Historical societies
General anarchism concepts
editThese are concepts which, although not exclusive to anarchism, are significant in historical and/or modern anarchist circles. As the anarchist milieu is philosophically heterogeneous, there is disagreement over which of these concepts should play a role in anarchism.
Organizations
editNotable organizations
edit- Jura federation (est. 1870)
- Freedom Press (est. 1886)
- Argentine Regional Workers' Federation (est. 1901)
- Industrial Workers of the World (est. 1905) (not formally anarchist, but has a significant anarchist presence)
- Anarchist Black Cross (est. 1906)
- Mexican Liberal Party (est. 1906)
- Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden (est. 1910)
- Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (est. 1910)
- Unione Sindacale Italiana (est. 1912)
- Black Guards (est. 1917)
- International Workers Association (est. 1922)
- Federación Anarquista Ibérica (est. 1927)
- Mexican Anarchist Federation (est. 1945)
- Fédération Anarchiste (est. 1945)
- Federazione Anarchica Italiana (est. 1945)
- Confédération nationale du travail (est. 1946)
- Japanese Anarchist Federation (est. 1946)
- Argentine Libertarian Federation (est. 1955)
- Uruguayan Anarchist Federation (est. 1956)
- International of Anarchist Federations (est. 1968)
- Confederación General del Trabajo (est. 1979)
- Solidarity Federation (est. 1979)
- Alternative libertaire (est. 1991)
- Anarchist Federation (Britain and Ireland) (est. 1986)
- Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front (est. 2003)
- Conspiracy of Fire Cells (est. 2008)
- International Revolutionary People's Guerrilla Forces (est. 2017)
- Libertarian Communist Union (est. 2019)
- Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists (Est. 2018, Active 2022)
Structures
editAnarchist literature
editNotable figures
edit- Facón Grande
- Facundo Cabral
- Luisa Lallana
- Osvaldo Bayer
- Severino Di Giovanni
- Simón Radowitzky
- Soledad Rosas
- Virginia Bolten
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Cuba
Czechia
Denmark
Ecuador
Finland
Georgia
Germany
- Adolf Brand
- Angela Gossow
- B. Traven
- Carl Einstein
- Erich Mühsam
- Gustav Landauer
- Helmut Rüdiger
- Wilhelm Marr
Greece
Iceland
India
Ireland
- Finbar Cafferkey
- Jack White (Irish socialist)
- Marie and Noel Murray
- Patrick Read
- Ronan Bennett
- Ubi Dwyer
Israel
- Abraham Yehudah Khein
- Jonathan Pollak
- Paula Ben-Gurion
- Toma Sik
- Uri Gordon (anarchist)
- Yehuda Ashlag
Italy
- Alfredo Cospito
- Argo Secondari
- Camillo Berneri
- Carlo Cafiero
- Errico Malatesta
- Fabrizio De André
- Gaetano Bresci
- Gino Lucetti
- Giovanni Passannante
- Giuseppe Pinelli
- Horst Fantazzini
- Mario Buda
- Michele Angiolillo
- Luigi Galleani
- Luigi Lucheni
- Sante Geronimo Caserio
- Ugo Mazzucchelli
- Umberto Lenzi
Korea
Japan
- Hatta Shūzō
- Hiratsuka Raichō
- Itō Noe
- Jun Tsuji
- Kaneko Fumiko
- Kanno Sugako
- Kenzaburō Ōe
- Kenzō Okuzaki
- Kōtoku Shūsui
- Mochizuki Yuriko
- Ōsugi Sakae
- Satoshi Kirishima
- Uchiyama Gudō
Macedonia
Mexico
- Juana Belén Gutiérrez de Mendoza
- Julio López Chávez
- Margarita Ortega (magonist)
- Plotino Rhodakanaty
- Ricardo Flores Magón
- Tomás Cruz Lorenzo
Netherlands
- Bart de Ligt
- Carolina Bunjes
- Christiaan Cornelissen
- Clara Wichmann
- Edo Fimmen
- Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis
- Joop Westerweel
- Simon Berman
- Wieke Bosch
New Zealand
Nigeria
Norway
Paraguay
Peru
Poland
- Aniela Wolberg
- Edward Abramowski
- German Askarov
- Jan Wacław Machajski
- German Askarov
- Walery Mroczkowski
Portugal
Romania
- Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești
- Barbu Lăzăreanu
- Dumitru Țepeneag
- Eugen Relgis
- Ilie Cătărău
- Panait Mușoiu
- Zamfir Arbore
Russia
- Aleksandr Ge
- Aleksei Gan
- Alexander Schapiro
- Anatoli Zhelezniakov
- Anastasia Baburova
- Azat Miftakhov
- Dmitry Ivanovich Popov
- Dmitry Petrov (anarchist)
- Georgy Gapon
- Grigorii Maksimov
- Leo Tolstoy
- Mikhail Bakunin
- Nadya Tolokonnikova
- Peter Arshinov
- Peter Kropotkin
- Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinsky
- Stepan Petrichenko
- Volin
- Yegor Letov
Spain
- Agustín Rueda
- Amparo Poch y Gascón
- Ana Sigüenza
- Andreu Nin
- Ángel Pestaña
- Anselmo Lorenzo
- Antonio Ortiz Ramírez
- Bernabé López Calle
- Buenaventura Durruti
- Elisa Garrido
- Federica Montseny
- Felipe Sandoval
- Fermín Salvochea
- Fernando Fernán Gómez
- Fernando Tarrida del Mármol
- Francisco Ferrer
- Isaac Puente
- Joaquín Ascaso
- José Pellicer Gandía
- Juan García Oliver
- Kasilda Hernáez
- Koldo Mitxelena
- Lucía Sánchez Saornil
- Lucio Urtubia
- Manuel Pardiñas
- Maria Silva Cruz
- Melchor Rodríguez García
- Pepita Laguarda Batet
- Rafael Farga i Pellicer
- Ramón Acín
- Ramón de la Sagra
- Ricardo Sanz García
- Sabaté brothers
- Salvador Puig Antich
- Salvador Seguí
- Teresa Mañé
- Teresa Torrelles
Sweden
- Björn Söderberg
- Elise Ottesen-Jensen
- Helmut Rüdiger
- Ivan Aguéli
- Mattias Gardell
- Monica Sjöö
- Stig Dagerman
Switzerland
- Adhémar Schwitzguébel
- Clara Thalmann
- Fritz Brupbacher
- James Guillaume
- Joseph Favre
- Lucien Tronchet
- Maia arson crimew
- Marco Camenisch
Syria
Taiwan
Turkey
Tunisia
Ukraine
- Aron Baron
- Dmitrii Bogrov
- Fedir Shchus
- Halyna Kuzmenko
- Lev Zadov
- Maria Nikiforova
- Mollie Steimer
- Mykhailo Drahomanov
- Nestor Makhno
- Oleksandr Volodarsky
- Olexandr Kolchenko
- Olga Taratuta
- Sascha Schapiro
- Semen Karetnyk
- Serhiy Kemsky
- Sholem Schwarzbard
- Simeon Pravda
- Sophie Kropotkin
- Viktor Bilash
- Voldemar Antoni
United States of America
- Adin Ballou
- Albert Parsons
- Alexander Berkman
- Carlo Tresca
- Chris Hedges
- David Graeber
- Dorothy Day
- Emma Goldman
- Emmett Grogan
- Hendrik Meijer
- Howard Zinn
- Jacob Appelbaum
- Jeff Monson
- Jeremy Hammond
- John Zerzan
- Josh Wolf (journalist)
- Kurt Vonnegut
- Lawrence Ferlinghetti
- Leon Czolgosz
- Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin
- Luisa Capetillo
- Lucy Parsons
- Martin Sostre
- Moxie Marlinspike
- Murray Bookchin
- Noam Chomsky
- Paul Goodman
- Peter Lamborn Wilson
- Robert Anton Wilson
- Sigismund Danielewicz
- Tom Cornell
- Vermin Supreme
- Voltairine de Cleyre
- Woody Harrelson
Uruguay
Non-anarchists influential on anarchism
editNon-anarchists influenced by anarchism
editPlaces named after anarchists
edit- Action Directe (climb), Germany
- Anarchist Mountain, Canada
- Doctor Moisés Bertoni, Paraguay
- Dorothy Day homeless shelter, United States
- Eloxochitlán de Flores Magón, Mexico
- Haymarket Martyrs' Monument, USA
- Georg von Rauch Haus, Germany
- Louise Michel station, France
- Kropotkin, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
- Kropotkin, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
- Kropotkin Range, Russia
- Kropotkinskaya, Russia
- Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria
- Metropolitan Ervin Szabó Library, Hungary
- Mount Kropotkin, Antarctica
- Parc Georges-Brassens, France
- Red Emma's, United States
- Ricardo Flores Magón metro station, Mexico
- Soviet monitor Zhelezniakov, Ukraine
- Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Mexico
- Tolstoy, United States
Related philosophies
editSee also
editFootnotes
edit- ^ Wilbur, Shawn P. (2019). "Mutualism". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 213–224. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_11. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ Ryley, Peter (2019). "Individualism". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 225–236. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_12. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ Turcato, Davide (2019). "Anarchist Communism". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 237–248. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_13. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ Kowal, Donna M. (2019). "Anarcha-Feminism". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 265–280. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_15. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ Price, Andy (2019). "Green Anarchism". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 281–292. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_16. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ Newman, Saul (2019). "Postanarchism". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 293–303. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_17. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ van der Walt, Lucien (2019). "Syndicalism". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 249–264. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_14. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ Peter Kropotkin, "Anarchism", Encyclopædia Britannica 1910
- ^ Graham, Robert (2019). "Anarchism and the First International". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 325–342. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_19. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ Yeoman, James Michael (2019). "The Spanish Civil War". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 429–448. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_25. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ Berry, David (2019). "Anarchism and 1968". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. pp. 449–470. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_25. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- ^ P. E. de Puydt. "Panarchy". First published in French in the Revue Trimestrielle, Bruxelles, July 1860.
Further reading
edit- Caplan, Bryan (2008). "Anarchism". In Hamowy, Ronald (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. pp. 10–13. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.
External links
edit- "Anarchism", entry from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, (1910) by Peter Kropotkin.