It has been suggested that this article be merged with Vega (rocket) and Vega C. (Discuss) Proposed since September 2024. |
Vega was an expendable launch system in use by Arianespace which was jointly developed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the European Space Agency (ESA). Development began in 1998 and the first launch took place from the Guiana Space Centre on 13 February 2012.[1]
![](http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sentinel-2_and_vega.jpg/220px-Sentinel-2_and_vega.jpg)
It is designed to launch small payloads — 300 to 2,500 kilograms (660 to 5,510 lb) satellites for scientific and Earth observation missions to polar and low Earth orbits.[2] The reference Vega mission is a polar orbit bringing a spacecraft of 1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb) to an altitude of 700 kilometres (430 mi).
The rocket, named after the star Vega,[3] is a single-body launcher (no strap-on boosters) with three solid rocket stages: the P80 first stage, the Zefiro 23 second stage, and the Zefiro 9 third stage. The upper module is a liquid rocket called AVUM. The improved version of the P80 stage, the P120C, is also used as the side boosters of the Ariane 6. Italy is the leading contributor to the Vega program (65%), followed by France (13%).[4] Other participants include Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Sweden.[5]
Launch statistics
editRocket configurations
edit- Vega
- Vega C
- Vega C (scheduled)
Launch outcomes
edit- Failure
- Success
- Scheduled
Orbits
editPast launches
editNote: Date and time of start (as count-down zero, ignition or lift-off?) is listed in UTC. (Although local time at Guiana Space Centre (CSG) in Kourou, French Guiana, South America is UTC–3.)
2013–2019
editFlight | Date / time (UTC) [6] | Rocket | Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV01 | 13 February 2012 10:00:00 |
Vega | ELV | LEO | University of Bologna[7] | Success | ||
First Vega launch; Geodetic and Nanosatellite; | ||||||||
VV02 | 7 May 2013 02:06:31 |
Vega | ELV | 254.83 kg (561.8 lb) [8] | SSO | Success | ||
First commercial launch; Earth observation satellite;[9][10] | ||||||||
VV03 | 30 April 2014 01:35:15 |
Vega | ELV | KazEOSat 1 | 830 kg (1,830 lb) [11] | SSO | KGS | Success |
Earth observation satellite [12] | ||||||||
VV04 | 11 February 2015 13:40:00 |
Vega | ELV | IXV | 1,845 kg (4,068 lb) [13] | TAO | ESA | Success |
Reentry technology demonstration; IXV deployed into a transatmospheric orbit, AVUM briefly entered a low Earth orbit before performing targeted de-orbit.[14][15][16][17][18] | ||||||||
VV05 | 23 June 2015 01:51:58 |
Vega | ELV | Sentinel-2A | 1,130 kg (2,490 lb) [19] | SSO | ESA | Success |
Earth observation satellite [20][21][22][23] | ||||||||
VV06 | 3 December 2015 04:04:00 |
Vega | ELV | LISA Pathfinder | 1,906 kg (4,202 lb) [24] | Halo orbit Earth–Sun L1 | ESA / NASA | Success |
Technology demonstrator[25][26] | ||||||||
VV07 | 16 September 2016 01:43:35 |
Vega | ELV |
|
870 kg (1,920 lb)[27] | SSO | Success | |
Reconnaissance satellite / Earth observation satellite[28][29] | ||||||||
VV08 | 5 December 2016 13:51:44 |
Vega | ELV | Göktürk-1A | 1,060 kg (2,340 lb)[30] | SSO | Turkish Armed Forces | Success |
Earth observation satellite [31] (IMINT, Reconnaissance) | ||||||||
VV09 | 7 March 2017 01:49:24 |
Vega | ELV | Sentinel-2B | 1,130 kg (2,490 lb)[32] | SSO | ESA | Success |
Earth observation satellite[33][34] | ||||||||
VV10 | 2 August 2017 01:58:33 |
Vega | ELV | 632 kg (1,393 lb)[35] | SSO | Success | ||
IMINT Earth observation satellite[36] | ||||||||
VV11 | 8 November 2017 01:42:31 |
Vega | ELV | Mohammed VI-A (MN35-13A) | 1,110 kg (2,450 lb)[37] | SSO | Morocco | Success |
Earth observation satellite[38] | ||||||||
VV12 | 22 August 2018 21:20:09 [39] |
Vega | ELV | ADM-Aeolus[40][41][42] | 1,357 kg (2,992 lb) [43] | SSO | ESA | Success |
Weather satellite | ||||||||
VV13 | 21 November 2018 01:42:31 [44] |
Vega | ELV | Mohammed VI-B (MN35-13B) [44] | 1,108 kg (2,443 lb) [45] | SSO | Morocco | Success |
Earth observation satellite | ||||||||
VV14 | 22 March 2019 01:50:35 [46] |
Vega | ELV | PRISMA[47] | 879 kg (1,938 lb) [48] | SSO | Italian Space Agency | Success |
Earth observation satellite | ||||||||
VV15 | 11 July 2019 01:53 |
Vega | ELV | Falcon Eye 1 | 1,197 kg (2,639 lb) | SSO | UAEAF[49] | Failure [50] |
IMINT (Reconnaissance) – The VV15 launch failure was possibly caused by a thermal protection design flaw on the second stage's forward dome area,[51] and led to reassignment of the FalconEye 2 launch.[52][53] This also led to the highest recorded amount (US$411.21 million) for an insurance claim for a satellite launch failure.[54] |
2020–present
editFlight | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket | Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customers | Launch Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VV16 | 3 September 2020 01:51:10 [55] |
Vega | ELV | SSMS PoC Flight (53 satellites) | SSO | Various | Success | |
Technology demonstration: launch of the Small Satellites Mission Service Dispenser (SSMS Dispenser) proof of concept flight carrying 53 microsatellites and CubeSats.[56] | ||||||||
VV17 | 17 November 2020 01:52:20 [57] |
Vega | ELV | SEOSat-Ingenio and TARANIS | 925 kg (2,039 lb) | SSO | CDTI and CNES | Failure |
Earth observation satellite[58] and Study of the atmosphere of the Earth.[59] After ignition of the AVUM upper stage, a trajectory deviation caused failure. Satellites were valued at nearly US$400 million.[60] An assembly error (inverted control cable) was the suspected cause.[60] | ||||||||
VV18 | 29 April 2021 01:50 [61] |
Vega | ELV |
|
1,278 kg (2,818 lb) | SSO |
|
Success |
Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) piggyback mission. | ||||||||
VV19 | 17 August 2021 01:47 [62] |
Vega | ELV |
|
1,029 kg (2,269 lb) | SSO |
|
Success |
Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) piggyback mission. | ||||||||
VV20 | 16 November 2021 09:27:55[63] |
Vega | ELV | CERES 1/2/3 | 1,548 kg (3,413 lb) | Semi-synchronous | CNES/DGA | Success |
SIGINT satellites.[64] | ||||||||
VV21 | 13 July 2022 13:13:17[65] |
Vega C | ELV |
|
350 kg (770 lb) | MEO | Success | |
First flight of Vega C | ||||||||
VV22 | 21 December 2022 01:47:31[66] |
Vega C | ELV | Pléiades Neo 5 & 6 | 1,977 kg (4,359 lb) | SSO | Airbus Defence and Space | Failure |
Earth observation satellites.[67] Failure due to loss of pressure of the Zefiro 40 second stage.[68] | ||||||||
VV23 | 9 October 2023 01:36[69] |
Vega | ELV | SSO | Success | |||
Earth observation satellites and Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) #5 rideshare mission with 10 cubesats. Two cubesats, ANSER-Leader and ESTCube-2, failed to separate from the payload adapter and likely burned in the atmosphere together with the adapter when it was deorbited.[70] | ||||||||
VV24 | 5 September 2024 01:50 |
Vega | ELV | Sentinel-2C | 1,143 kg (2,520 lb) | SSO | Airbus Defence and Space | Success |
Final flight of the base Vega configuration. Third Sentinel-2 Earth observation satellite.[71] The AVUM upper stage utilizes two propellant tanks from the larger AVUM+ upper stage of the Vega C rocket. These tanks underwent modifications after two of the original four tanks were discovered missing in 2023 and subsequently found crushed in a nearby landfill, rendering them unusable.[72][73] |
Future launches
editDate / time (UTC) [6] | Rocket | Launch site | Payload | Orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|
15 November 2024[74] | Vega C | ELV | Sentinel-1C | SSO |
Third Sentinel-1 satellite. Return to flight for Vega C following the VV22 launch failure.[75] | ||||
December 2024[76] | Vega C | ELV | KOMPSAT-6 (Arirang-6) | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. | ||||
Q1 2025[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #9 | LEO |
SSMS #9 rideshare mission. Delayed due to the VV22 Vega-C launch failure.[75] | ||||
Q2 2025[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #7 | SSO |
SSMS #7 rideshare mission. | ||||
Q3 2025[78] | Vega C[79] | ELV | Sentinel-3C | SSO |
Third Sentinel-3 Earth observation satellite.[80] | ||||
Q3 2025[81] | Vega C | ELV | Space Rider | LEO |
Technology demonstration[82] | ||||
Q3 2025[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #13 | SSO |
SSMS #13 rideshare mission. | ||||
November 2025[83] | Vega C | ELV | PLATiNO-2 / MAIA | SSO |
PLATiNO-2 will host the MAIA instrument payload. | ||||
Q4 2025[84] | Vega C | ELV | IRIDE × ? | LEO |
First launch for the Italian IRIDE Earth observation satellite constellation. | ||||
Q4 2025[84] | Vega C | ELV | IRIDE × ? | LEO |
Second launch for the Italian IRIDE Earth observation satellite constellation. | ||||
Q4 2025[85] | Vega C | ELV | SMILE | HEO |
Joint Chinese-European Earth observation satellite. | ||||
2025[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #8 | SSO |
SSMS #8 rideshare mission. | ||||
2025[79] | Vega C | ELV | Sentinel-1D | SSO |
Fourth Sentinel-1 satellite. | ||||
2025[86] | Vega C | ELV | BIOMASS | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. Part of the Living Planet Programme. | ||||
TBD[87] | Vega C | ELV | PLATiNO-1 | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. | ||||
2025[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #6 | SSO |
SSMS #6 rideshare mission. | ||||
2025[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #10 | SSO |
SSMS #10 rideshare mission. | ||||
2025[88] | Vega C | ELV | CO3D × 4 | SSO |
Earth observation satellites | ||||
2025[89] | Vega C | ELV | CSG-3 | SSO |
Third COSMO-SkyMed 2nd Generation satellite. | ||||
2025[90] | Vega C | ELV | MicroCarb | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. | ||||
2025[91][92] | Vega C[93] | ELV | SHALOM | SSO |
Joint Italian-Israeli hyperspectral imaging satellite. | ||||
January 2026[94] | Vega C | ELV | KOMPSAT-7 (Arirang-7) | SSO |
Earth observation satellite[95][96] | ||||
Q2 2026[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #14 | SSO |
SSMS #14 rideshare mission. | ||||
Q3 2026[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #15 | LEO |
SSMS #15 rideshare mission to an equatorial orbit. | ||||
Q3 2026[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #16 | LEO |
SSMS #16 rideshare mission to an equatorial orbit. | ||||
Q4 2026[78] | Vega C[79] | ELV | CO2M-A (Sentinel-7A) | SSO |
Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
2026[97] | Vega C | ELV | ALTIUS, FLEX | SSO |
ALTIUS is an ozone observation satellite. FLEX is an Earth observation satellite of the Living Planet Programme. | ||||
2026[98] | Vega C | ELV | ClearSpace-1 | LEO |
Space debris removal demo. | ||||
2026[99] | Vega C | ELV | CSG-4 | SSO |
Fourth COSMO-SkyMed 2nd Generation satellite. | ||||
2026[100] | Vega C | ELV | EAGLE-1 | LEO |
Demonstrator satellite for the first European sovereign space-based quantum key distribution system.[101] | ||||
Q1 2027[78] | Vega C[79] | ELV | CO2M-B (Sentinel-7B) | SSO |
Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
Q2 2027[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #17 | LEO |
SSMS #17 rideshare mission. | ||||
2027[102][103] | Vega C[104] | ELV | FORUM | SSO |
Earth observation satellite. Part of the Living Planet Programme. | ||||
Q2 2028[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #18 | LEO |
SSMS #18 rideshare mission. | ||||
Q4 2028[78] | Vega C[105] | ELV | CRISTAL (Sentinel-9) | Polar |
Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
Q4 2028[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #19 | LEO |
SSMS #19 rideshare mission. | ||||
2028[78] | Vega C[106] | ELV | Sentinel-3D | SSO |
Fourth Sentinel-3 Earth observation satellite.[80] | ||||
Q2 2029[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #20 | LEO |
SSMS #20 rideshare mission. | ||||
Q3 2029[78] | Vega C[107] | ELV | CIMR-A (Sentinel-11A) | SSO |
Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
Q4 2029[77] | Vega C | ELV | SSMS #21 | LEO |
SSMS #21 rideshare mission. | ||||
2029[107] | Vega C | ELV | CHIME (Sentinel-10) | SSO |
Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
2029[107] | Vega C | ELV | LSTM (Sentinel-8) | SSO |
Copernicus Land Surface Temperature Monitoring. Part of the Copernicus Programme. | ||||
2030[108] | Vega C | ELV | TRUTHS | LEO |
Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio-Studies. |
See also
editNotes
editReferences
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- ^ Amos, Jonathan (13 February 2012). "Vega launcher makes first flight". BBC News. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ^ Tariq Malik (13 February 2012). "Europe Launches New Vega Rocket on Maiden Voyage". Space.com. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
The Italian-built Vega rocket is named after the second-brightest star in the northern hemisphere
- ^ Svitak, Amy (6 February 2012). "European Vega Small-Class Launcher Targets Government Market". Aviation Week. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
- ^ Clark, Steven (14 February 2012). "Vega launcher program courts German participation". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ a b Pietrobon, Steven (10 October 2018). "Ariane Launch Manifest". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ "Vega Flight VV01". Arianespace. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "SECOND VEGA LAUNCH FROM THE GUIANA SPACE CENTER (Press Kit)" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ VERTA is an acronym for Vega Research and Technology Accompaniment and designates Vega's missions aiming "to demonstrate the flexibility of the Vega launch system" VERTA framework includes four ESA missions (PROBA-V, ADM-Aeolus, LISA Pathfinder and IXV), but also some missions of National Agencies (like ASI). Source: ESA (20 November 2013) VERTA Programme ASI (2015) PRISMA Precursore IperSpettrale (Hyperspectral Precursor) of the application mission
- ^ "Vega delivers three Satellites to Orbit to achieve second Success". Spaceflight101. 7 May 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- ^ "THIRD VEGA LAUNCH FROM THE GUIANA SPACE CENTER (Press Kit)" (PDF). Arianespace. September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
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- ^ Arianespace (October 2017). "Launch Kit | November 2017 | V11 | MOHAMMED VI – A satellite" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
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- ^ Arianespace (November 2018). "Launch Kit | November 2018 | VV13 | MOHAMMED VI – B satellite" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ Arianespace [@Arianespace] (21 March 2019). "Arianespace's first Vega flight in 2019 – and third overall this year – lifts off today from the Spaceport in French Guiana" (Tweet). Retrieved 21 March 2019 – via Twitter.
- ^ ASI. "PRISMA Launch Date". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
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- ^ "19th Vega mission demonstrates Arianespace's ability to deliver for the most innovative projects for the benefits of its clients". Arianespace. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
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- ^ "Bye-Bye Biomass: forest monitoring satellite departs for final testing before launch". Airbus. 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
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